文都英语六级B卷真题及答案.docx

文都英语六级B卷真题及答案.docx

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文都英语六级B卷真题及答案

Unit5HealthandMedicine

PartIWarmingup

A1

1.ThisnewsitemisaboutasuccessfulbraintissuetransplantcarriedoutbyaSouthAfricansurgeon.

2.Thisnewsitemisaboutthediscoveryofanewwaytoincreasetheeffectivenessofchemotherapy.

3.Thisnewsitemisaboutthediscoveryofanewwaytotreatglaucoma.

4.Thisnewsitemisaboutanewresearchonwritingwhichshowsthatwritingcanresultinclinicallymeaningfuloutcomes.

or

Thisnewsitemisaboutanewresearchonwritingwhichshowsthatwritingcanhelppeoplewithchronicillnessesimprovetheirhealth.

5.Thisnewsitemisaboutthetheoryandfunctionofacupuncture.

A2

1.ThesurgerywasperformedaweekagoonapatientsufferingfromParkinson'sdisease.

2.Theeffectivenessofchemotherapycanbeincreasedbyinhibitinganaturaldefensemechanismemployedbycancercells.

3.Glaucomainvolvesthedeathofbraincells.

4.Thestudyaddstothegrowingamountofscientificliteraturesuggestingthatmeetingpatients’psychologicalneedsproducesphysicalhealthbenefits.

5.Oneofthekeybenefitsofacupunctureisthatithasfewsideeffectsandthatwhenusedwithstandarddrugtreatmentitallowsphysicianstocutbackonmedication.

Tapescript:

1.Theworld'sleadingtransplantsurgeon,DrChristopherBernard,hascarriedoutoneofthemostdifficultbraintissuetransplantsyetattempted.TheSouthAfricansurgeonhassucceededintransplantingtissuesintothehumanbraininwhatisthoughttobethefirstoperationofitskind.ThesurgerywasperformedaweekagoonapatientsufferingfromParkinson'sdisease.Aportionofthepatient'sadrenalglandwasimplantedintoapartofthepatient'sbrain,anoperationwhichhaspreviouslybeenperformedonlyonratsandmonkeys.

2.Approximatelya-thirdofallpeopledevelopcanceratonepointintheirlives.Chemotherapyhasitslimitations,butitisoneofthemajortreatmentoptions.SomeAmericanscientistshavediscoveredtheycanincreasetheeffectivenessofchemotherapybyinhibitinganaturaldefensemechanismemployedbycancercells.

3.Glaucomaisresponsibleforblindnessinanestimated67millionpeoplearoundtheworld.Untilnow,treatmentshavefocusedexclusivelyontheeyes.Butthatmaychangeinthenextfewyears,followingthediscoverythatglaucomainvolvesthedeathofbraincells.

4.Newresearchshowsthatthesimpleactofwritingdownthoughtsaboutastressfuleventcanhelppeoplewithchronicillnessesimprovetheirhealth.This

isthefirststudytoshowthatwritingcanresultinclinicallymeaningfuloutcomesforchronically-illpatients.Thestudyaddstothegrowingamountofscientificliteraturesuggestingthatmeetingpatients'psychologicalneedsproducesphysicalhealthbenefits.

5.TraditionalChinesemedicinesaysthatgoodhealthisassociatedwiththebalanceofqi.Qicanbehinderedorhelpedbyyangandyin.Accordingtotraditionaltheory,thegoalofacupunctureistopromotetheflowofqibykeepingyinandyanginbalance-andthisisdonebyinsertingneedlesatvariouspointsalongprimarychannelsandmeridiansthatcrisscrossthebody.Oneofthekeybenefitsofacupunctureisthatithasfew,ifany,side-effects;andthatwhenusedwithstandarddrugtreatment--inanesthesia,forexampleitallowsphysicianstocutbackonmedication,deliveringthesamelevelofbenefitwithfewernegativeeffects.

B.

Tapescript.

l.GMO&GE

Basically,geneticmodificationiswhenascientistremovesagenethatcarriesparticularinstructionsforaparticularcharacteristicfromtheDNAofoneorganismandinsertsthatgeneintotheDNAofanother（sometimesverydifferent）organism.TheresultiscalledageneticallymodifiedorganismorGMO.ThistechnologyisalsoreferredtogenerallyasgeneticengineeringorGE.

2.Organic,Semi-organic

Organicgenerallyreferstofarmingusingnoartificialfertilizersorpestcontrolchemicals,andthefoodproducedbythisfanningmethod.Semi-organicmeansfarmingusingaslittleartificialfertilizers,etc.aspossible."Semi"means"half."

3.Transgenicorganisms

Transgenicorganismsarecreatedwhenashortsectionofgeneticmaterialfromanunrelatedspeciesisintroducedintoanotherspecies,forexample,animalgenestoaplant."Trans"means"goingacross."

4.Pharming

Apunonthewordforfarming.Itmeansusingfarmanimalssuchascows,goatsandpigs,thathavebeengeneticallychanged,toproducepharmaceuticaldrugs.Pharmingbeginningwitha"ph"ispronouncedthesameasfarmingbeginningwithan,,f.,,

5.Frankenstein

FrankensteinreferstothenovelofthatnamebyMaryWollstonecraftShelley（1797-1851）.Thenovelisaboutascientistwhocreatesasubhumancreaturethatendsupdestroyinghim.SoFrankensteinmeansany"creationthatendsupdestroyingthecreator."

C.