语法复习虚拟语气和倒装句.docx
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语法复习虚拟语气和倒装句.docx
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语法复习虚拟语气和倒装句
语法复习:
虚拟语气和倒装句
知识总结与归纳:
虚拟语气:
是一种与事实(包括过去,现在或将来)完全相反的陈述,表示假设,愿望,怀疑,推测或后悔。
虚拟语气主要用于条件从句,让步从句和名词性从句。
虚拟语气句型中常见的动词形式:
1.动词过去式
2.haddone
3.would/could/should/mightdo
4.would/could/should/mighthavedone
5. were
(一)虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的假设的条件句中:
表示假设,后悔或推测。
句型结构:
If+主语+hadbeen/done….,主语+should/could/might/would+havedone….
1.Iftheillnesshadbeendiagnosedadayearlier,itmighthavemadealldifferent.
2.Ifshehadtoldhimaboutthedanger,hewouldnothavegothurt.
3.IfIhadknownmoreaboutgivingfirstaid,Icouldhavehelpedhim.
(二)虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的假设的条件句中:
句型结构:
If+主语+were/动词过去式,主语+should/could/might/would+do
1.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.
2.IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveanAIDSpatientahug.
3.虚拟语气用在与将来的结果相反的假设的条件句中:
句型结构:
If+主语+weretodo,主语+should/could/might/would+do
If+主语+shoulddo
If+主语+动词过去式
(1)Ifweweretopanic,wewouldnotbeabletohelp.
(2)Ifthelittlegirlshouldtakepianolessons,shewouldhavelessfreetime.
(3)IfIweretolivelongenoughtohaveajob,Iwouldchoosetobeadoctor,helpingtheseAIDSpatients.
注意:
虚拟条件句的从句中如果有助动词were;had或should可以去掉if以后用倒装句语序。
例句:
①HadInothelpedhim,hewouldhavefailedinbusiness.
②ShouldIbefree,Iwouldcome.
③Wereshemydaughter,Icouldsuggestadifferentplan.
注意:
有时候,主,从句所描述的时间范围不一致,则根据具体语境调整动词的形式。
例句:
①Ifhehadcaughtthetrain,hewouldbeherebynow.
②YouwouldspeakEnglishwellenough,ifyouhadpracticedeveryday.
(四)虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用:
1.用在与without,butfor,but,otherwise短语连用的句型中:
例句:
Theshipwouldhavesunkwithallonboardbutforeffortsofthecaptain.
Therescuearrivedintime,otherwiseTheywouldhavebeenfrozentodeath.
2.用在It’stime句型中:
It’stimethat主语+动词过去式……
It’stimethatIwenttoschoolandpickedupmydaughter.
3.在句型…asif/though+主语+动词过去式/were/haddone……
例句:
HelookedatmeasifIweremad.
“Iwishpeoplewouldfindoutthefacts,”shesays,“andnotactasifIwereabadordangerousperson.”
Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.
4.用在Ifonly句型中:
表示:
要是……该多好啊!
(1)Ifonlyyouhadn’ttoldJackiewhatIsaid,everythingwouldhavebeenallright.
(2)Ifonlyyouwouldlistentoreason.
5.与“命令,建议,要求,有必要/重要”有关的名词性从句中的谓语动词结构:
(1)主动结构:
shoulddo
(2)被动结构:
shouldbedone;(should可以省略)
①Isuggestthatheshouldcomeanotherday.
②Thesuggestionthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.
③IthoughitnecessarythatIshouldstayintheroomtillhecameback.
(五)情态动词(should/oughtto;could;needn’t;wouldliketo等)+havedone:
表示“本来应该/能够/没必要/很愿意”
1.Youcouldhavetoldusearlier.
2.Ioughttohaveboughtthatdictionarylastweek.
3.Yououghtnottohavespentsomuchtimeinreadingnovels.
4.Weneednothavebeeninahurrytocatchthetrain.
倒装句:
倒装句是英语中常见的语法现象,他的使用一是出于语法结构的需要,再就是为了强调句中的某一部分。
(1)当否定副词never;hardly;seldom;nor;neither;little;few;not;notonly在句首,后面接助动词/be+主语……的倒装语序。
NeverhaveIrealizedthatwaterissoprecious.
Seldomhaveweseensuchbigmelons.
(2)Only+介词短语/状语从句,后面接助动词/be+主语……的倒装语序。
Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.
(3)Notuntil+时间状语(从句)后面接助动词/be+主语……的倒装语序。
Notuntilweknowmorewillwebeabletoimprovethesituation.
(4)as/so/neither/nor在句首表示另一个人或另一种情况也是如此。
后面接助动词/be+主语……的倒装语序。
Withoutinternationalcooperation,developingcountriescannotprosper,norwillsustainabledevelopmentbepossible.
Abetterunderstandingoftheenvironmentisnecessary,asisthewillingnesstoact.
(5)在以here;there;now;out;in;up;down;away或表示地点的介词短语为句首后面接完全倒装结构(谓语+主语)
AmongthespeakerswasChina’sthenPremierZhuRongji,whostressedtheneedforequalityandfairnessintheworld.
Onahillinfrontofthemstoodagreatcastle.
(6)倒装句在结果状语从句;让步状语从句;时间状语从句中的使用:
①so/such….that….(如此……以致于……)将so/such….部分置于句首:
Soloudlydidhespeakthatpeopleupstairscouldhearhim.
②表示:
“虽然……”:
名词/形容词,副词/动词+as+主语+谓语……
Coldasitwas,wewentout.
Bravelyastheyfought,theyhadnochanceofwinning.
Childasheis,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.
③表示:
“一……就……”:
Nosoonerhad…done…than+陈述句(过去时)
Hardlyhad…done…when+陈述句(过去时)
Hardlyhadsheenteredthehousewhensheheardthedogbarking.
Nosoonerhadwestartedlunchthanthedoorbellrang.
【典型例题】
1.Youdidn’tletmedrive.If we____inturn,you____sotired.
A.drove;didn’tget B.drove;wouldn’tget
C.weredriving;wouldn’tget D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot
答案:
D
分析:
本题考查虚拟条件句的运用。
题干Youdidn’tletmedrive.告诉我们后
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- 关 键 词:
- 语法 复习 虚拟 语气 倒装
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