新编英语教程7课文讲解综合英语7.docx

新编英语教程7课文讲解综合英语7.docx

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新编英语教程7课文讲解综合英语7

ANewEnglishCourse（Level7）

UnitOne

TextI

EnglishandAmericanConceptsofSpace

I.AbouttheAuthor---EdwardTwitchellHall（1914---）,U.S.anthropologist,author,andteacher,receivedhisPh.D.degreeinanthropologyfromColumbiaUniversity.Hehastaughtatvariousinstitutions,suchasHarvardBusinessSchool,theIllinoisInstituteofTechnology,andNorthwesternUniversity.Hisworksinclude:

TheSilentLanguage（1959）,astudyofnonverbalcommunication,andTheHiddenDimension（1966）,astudyof“socialandpersonalspaceandman’sperceptionofit.”Thepresenttext,aselectionfromTheHiddenDimension,givesacontrastbetweenEnglishandAmericanconceptsofpersonalspace.

Abouttheauthor:

Downthedrain

EdwardT.Hall’sTheHiddenDimension,perhapsthescariestbook（evenscarierthan1984）Ieverread.Scary,becauseitisn’tfiction,butaratherelaborateessayonanthropologyandproxemicbehavior.IfHall’sright,thingsasdisregardforothercultures,mindlessurbandevelopmentanddemographicgrowthhavegeneratedabehavioralsinkinwhichstress,crime,intoleranceandphysicalandpsychicdiseasegroweveryday,andtomakethingsworse,ourgovernmentstakemeasuresthatonlyacceleratetheprocess.Weareallgoingdownthedrain.

PutEdHall’sInsightstoWorkinYourWorld

EdHallisoneofthepreeminentculturalanthropologistsofalltimes.Hisworks,studies,andinsightsintotherichmodernanthropologyreflectalifelongpassionhedevelopedasateenagerinthe1930’sSouthwestU.S.assignedtoworkonwhite-managedWPAcrewsalongsideNavajoworkerswhoseculturalbearingsandworldviewswerevastlydifferentthanhisownpeople’sviews.

HiddenDimensionsexaminestheculturalcontextsofspace,howpeopledefinetheirpersonalandcommunityspacesaspartoftheirculturalnorms.

Howfarapartorclosedopeopleofasimilarculturefeelcomfortablestandingorsittingnexttooneanotherandinwhatcircumstances?

Whendoyoufeelsomeoneis“inyourspace”?

Thispersonalcomfortzonediffersculturetoculture.Yoursmaybedifferentthanmine.Halldevelopsthese“proxemics”（proximity）inthisbookbyobservingandvisitingwithpeoplesfromaroundtheglobe,andsharesthewisdomgainedwithyousothatyoumightexpandyourownworldviewsandspatialorientationswhenmixingwithforeignculturestoyourown.

Wellworththeshecklestoaddthisgreatworktoyourlife’slibrary.CollectallofHall’sworks.

BestoftheBest

Afabulouswritingonhowhumanbeingsreacttoandmakeuseofspecialdistancefromaphysicalandpsychologicalviewpoint,i.e.thestudyofproxemics.Thetypeofbookthatshouldbereissuedwithoutfailbythepublisher,thoughitisold,sinceitisaclassicinitsfield.Actualnumericaldistancesandtheireffect/use/experiencebyhumansareexplainedaswellasmuchabouteyesightanditsabilities.HallalsoexplainshowdifferentEurocultures（German,French,andothers）plushowAmericansusespacedifferently.I’mseldomthispositiveaboutanybookbutmustgivethisoneahighestrating.

II.OrganizationandDevelopment

Likemostwritingsofanacademicnature,thisarticleisneatly-structured.Itsthesisisclearlystatedinthefirstparagraphandisdevelopedintherestofthearticlebycontrast.Canyouidentifythesentenceinthefirstparagraphthatstatesthethesis?

Thesentenceinthe1stparagraphthatstatesthethesis:

IfthereeverweretwoculturesinwhichdifferencesoftheproxemicdetailsaremarkeditisintheeducatedEnglishandthemiddle-classAmericans.

ThecontrastsHallhasmadearefrequentlymarkedbywordsorphrasesgenerallyknownassentenceadverbialsorconnectives.Locatesuchitemsthroughoutthewritingandtrytotellwhatcontrasttheyintroduce.

Wordsorphrasesusedtoindicatecontrasts:

Paragraph1

“whereas”---contrastingspaceforAmericanswiththesocialsystemfortheEnglishasafactordeterminingaperson’ssocialstatus

“however”---contrastingtheimportanceofone’saddressintheUnitedStateswiththatofthepositioninthesocialsystemintowhichapersonisborninBritain

Paragraph3

“ontheotherhand”---contrastingwhatissaidinthe2ndparagraphwithwhatissaidinthe3rd,i.e.theAmerican’ssenseofspacethatcanbecalledhisownwiththeEnglishman’ssenseofsharedspace

Paragraph5

“ontheotherhand”---contrastingthedifferentwaysinwhichAmericansandtheEnglishbehavewhenseekingseclusion

ThecontrastHallhasmadeservestoexplaintheapparentclashbetweenthe

EnglishandAmericans,i.e.whytheybehavedifferentlywhentheyhavethesameneedtosatisfy.

III.Notes

1.InwhatsensedoesHallusetheword“separated”inthefirstsentence?

Madeculturallydifferent.

2.What,accordingtotheauthor,hasreallyseparatedtheEnglishandtheAmerica