学年哈尔滨市南岗中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案.docx
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学年哈尔滨市南岗中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案.docx
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学年哈尔滨市南岗中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案
2020-2021学年哈尔滨市南岗中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案
第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Olderadultswhosleepsixhoursorfeweranightmayhaveelevatedriskfordementia(痴呆症)andothercognitive(认知的)issues,anewstudyfinds.
ResearchersatStanfordUniversitymeasuredseniors'(ages65to85)dementiariskandcognitiveabilities,findinghigherriskinthosepatientswhoregularlysleptsixorfewerhourscomparedtothosewhosleptsevenoreighthours.Thoseseniorswhosleptnineormorehoursalsohadlowercognitivefunctionsandotherhealthissues,buttheresearchersdidn'tfindthesamehighdementiariskinthisgroup.
Thefindingsdemonstratehowimportantitisforadultstomaintainahealthysleepcycle,especiallyastheygetolder.
Asadultsage,it'scommonfortheirsleeppatternstochangeorbecomedisrupted—leadingtolonger,shorter,ormoreirregularsleep.ThisdisruptionmaybelinkedtoAlzheimer'sandotherformsofdementia,impactingseniors'abilitytorememberinformation,problem-solve,andgothrougheverydaybehaviors.Sleepdisruptioncanalsobecausedbyorheightendepression,cardiovasculardisease(冠心病),andotherconditions.
Arecommendedsleeptimeforseniorsisseventoeighthours,theresearcherssaid.Sixorfewerhourscorrespondedtoshortsleep,whilenineormorehourscorrespondedtolongsleep.
TheStanfordresearchersmeasuredlevelsofbetaamyloid,aproteininthebrainthatistypicallyfoundinhighlevelswhenapatientdevelopsAlzheimer's.Inaddition,theresearchersusedseveraltestsformemory,attention,spatialskills,andexecutivefunctiontoidentifypatients'cognitiveabilities.Thosepatientssleepingforsixhoursorfeweranightweremorelikelytodevelopdementia,theresearchersfound.Thelow-sleeppatientshadhigherlevelsofbetaamyloid.
TheStanfordresearchersfoundthatpatientswithlowersleepalsoperformedworseonmemorytests,whilethosewithhighersleep(morehours)performedworseonexecutivefunctiontests,whichmeasurethebrain'sabilitytoswitchbetweendifferenttasks.
―Themaintakeawayisthatitisimportanttomaintainhealthysleeplateinlife,WinertoldCNN.
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disrupted”inparagraph4mean?
A.difficultB.disordered
C.dissolvedD.different
2.Accordingtothefindings,whichofthefollowingisNOTrelatedtothedisruptedsleep?
A.Itismorelikelytocauseoldpeopletohavebadmemoriesoverissues.
B.Itmaycontributetodementia,cardiovasculardiseaseandotherillnesses.
C.Somedailybehaviorsperhapsdifferfromthosewhosesleepingisnormal.
DIttendstobringalltheoldpeopletoundergobrainscansandcognitivetests.
3.Whatcanweinferfromthestudy?
A.Apropersleeptimeforseniorsisseventoeighthours.
B.Lowandhighsleeppatientswerebothpooratmemorytests.
C.Executivefunctiontestisappliedtomeasurethecapacityofbrain.
D.Keepingahealthysleepforolderadultslateinlifeiscrucial.
B
Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookdelightedorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy
Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages(图像)ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.
Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogssimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes."
"Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLiveScience.
Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressionsandthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem."
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