写作教程3unit1答案.docx
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写作教程3unit1答案.docx
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写作教程3unit1答案
●PartAGRAMMAR
Subject-VerbAgreement
Subject-verbagreementisaverycomplicatedissueanditisnotourintentiontocoverallthegroundinthisunit.Whatweattempttodohereistobringstudents'attentiontosomepointsparticularlytrickyandletthemlearnbypractice.Themethodweuseinthegrammarsectionofthisbookisthediscoveryapproach--toletstudentsfindouttheirownanswers.Wehopethiscanraisestudents'interestinlearninggrammarandsharpentheirinductiveskills.
Thequestionofsubject-verbagreementisverycomplicated.Generallyspeaking,therearethreebasicprinciples:
grammaticalagreement,notionalagreement,andtheprincipleofproximity.Inhisunit,wearegoingtoapproachthisissueinfourcontexts:
Whenthesubjectiscompound
ReferencefortheClassroomActivities
Summary:
1.Acompoundsubjectwithandtakesapluralverbinmostcases,butwhenitexpressesasingularmeaningorwheneachofthesingularsubjectsisconsideredindividually,ittakesasingularverb.
2.Afteracompoundsubjectwithor,nor,either…or,neither…nor,not…but,theverbagreesinnumberandpersonwiththenearerpartofthesubject.
3.Interveningphrasesorclausesnotintroducedbycoordinatingconjunctionsdonotaffectthenumberofaverb.Suchphrasesarenormallyintroducedbyprepositionsorprepositionalphrasessuchaswellas,asmuchas,ratherthan,alongwithinadditionto,togetherwith,with,plus,andincluding.
Whenthesubjectexpressesquantity
ReferencefortheClassroomActivities
Allthesentencesarecorrect.
Summary:
1.Nominalphrasesoftime,money,weightandmeasurementnormallytakeasingularverb.
2.Somewordsorphrases,suchasall,most,half,thelast,therest,takeasingularorpluralverb,dependingonthemeaningofthenounorpronounthatfollows.
3.Phraseslikelotsof,heapsof,loadsoftakesingularorpluralverbsdependingontheformofthenounsthatfollow.
4.Insentenceswithmorethanoneormanyamodifyingthesubjectnouns,theverbshouldtakeasingularformthoughitispluralinmeaning.
Whenthesubjectisarelativepronoun,awhat-clause,orinthethere-bestructure
ReferencefortheClassroomActivities
1).Hewasoneofthecandidateswhowereabletocarryouttheircampaignpledges.
Hewastheonlyoneofthecandidateswhowasabletocarryouthiscampaignpledges
2).Whathewantsisjustalittlelovefromhisfosterparents.
Whatonethinksandsaysarenotalwaysthesame.
3).Thereisacherrytreeandseveralorchidflowersinthegarden.
Therearehundredsofapplicantsonthewaitinglistforthejob.
Summary:
1.Afterarelativepronoun(who,which,that),theverbhasthesamepersonandnumberastheantecedent.(InthesecondsentenceinPaira,theantecedentistheonlyone,notthecandidates.)
2.Afterawhat-clause,theverbisusuallysingular,.Butifthewhat-clauseisinacompoundstructurepluralinmeaning,theverbisinpluralform.
3.Inthethere-bestructure,theverbissingularorpluraldependingonthenumberofthesubject.Thesingularthereismaybeusedtointroduceacompoundsubjectwhenthefirstnounornominalphraseissingular.
Others
ReferencefortheClassroomActivities
1).Nobodyintownadmitsseeinghim.
2).Doesanyonewanttogowithme?
3).Areanyofyougoingtotheexhibition?
4).Noneworks/worksohardashedoes.
5).Booksareherchiefsourceofenjoyment.
6).Theonethingyoumustbereadyforistheirattemptstobreakupthemeeting
7).Thejuryisfinallycomplete.
8).ThejuryweredividedintheirOpinions.
9).NewYorkTimesishisbible.
10).Semanticsisthestudyofmeanings.
Summary:
1.Indefinitepronounssuchasanybody,anyone,each,everybody,nobody,noone,andsomebodygenerallyrequireasingularverb.
2.Thepronounsanyandnonetakeeithersingularorpluralverbs.
3.Thecomplementoftheverbbedoesnotaffectitsnumber.
4.Acollectivenountakesasingularverbwhentheclassitnamesisthoughtofasaunit,butapluralverbwhenthemembersoftheclassarethoughtofasindividuals.
5.Titlesofbooks,magazines,movies,newspapers,plays,andtheliketakeasingularverb.
6.Certainnounswhicharepluralinformbutsingularinmeaninggenerallytakeasingularverb.Someofthesearephysics,mechanics,news,statistics,andwhereabouts.
●PartBKeystotheFOLLOW-UPEXERCISES
1.1).Thelittleboywaschicken-hearted.
2).Thatstatesmanisarespectablefigureinthepoliticalarena.
3).Wesatdownbytheoaktree,enjoyingthebreezecomingfromthelake
4).Weneedtodrinkthemilkbeforeitsours.
5).Thechildhaddifficultyfindinghiswaytoschool.
6)Theyoungwomanreceivedalotofflowersandgifts.
7).MyfatherdrewbackthecurtainalittlelestIseehim.
8).Ouruniversitycanaccommodate4,000students.
9).Socialcusto
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