TOEFL托福阅读理解真题整合.docx

TOEFL托福阅读理解真题整合.docx

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TOEFL托福阅读理解真题整合

TOEFL托福阅读理解真题整合

托福阅读真题1

Asurveyisastudy,generallyintheformofanintervieworaquestionnairethatprovidesinformationconcerninghowpeoplethinkandact.IntheUnitedStates,thebest-knownsurveysaretheGalluppollandtheHarrispoll.Asanyonewhowatchesthenewsduringpresidentialcampaignsknows,thesepollshavebecomeanimportantpartofpoliticallifeintheUnitedStates.

NorthAmericansarefamiliarwiththemanyperson-on-the-streetinterviewsonlocaltelevisionnewsshows.Whilesuchinterviewscanbehighlyentertaining,theyarenotnecessarilyanaccurateindicationofpublicopinion.First,theyreflecttheopinionsofonlythosepeoplewhoappearatacertainlocation.Thus,suchsamplescanbebiasedinfavorofcommuters,middle-classshoppers,orfactoryworkers,dependingonwhichareathenewspeopleselect.Second,televisioninterviewstendtoattractoutgoingpeoplewhoarewillingtoappearontheair,whiletheyfrightenawayotherswhomayfeelintimidatedbyacamera.Asurveymustbebasedonaprecise,representativesamplingifitistogenuinelyreflectabroadrangeofthepopulation.

Inpreparingtoconductasurvey,sociologistsmustexercisegreatcareinthewordingofquestions.Aneffectivesurveyquestionmustbesimpleandclearenoughforpeopletounderstandit.Itmustalsobespecificenoughsothattherearenoproblemsininterpretingtheresults.Evenquestionsthatarelessstructuredmustbecarefullyphrasedinordertoelicitthetypeofinformationdesired.Surveyscanbeindispensablesourcesofinformation,butonlyifthesamplingisdoneproperlyandthequestionsarewordedaccurately.

Therearetwomainformsofsurveys:

theinterviewandthequestionnaire.Eachoftheseformsofsurveyresearchhasitsadvantages.Aninterviewercanobtainahighresponseratebecausepeoplefinditmoredifficulttoturndownapersonalrequestforaninterviewthantothrowawayawrittenquestionnaire.Inaddition,aninterviewercangobeyondwrittenquestionsandprobeforasubject'sunderlyingfeelingsandreasons.However,questionnaireshavetheadvantageofbeingcheaperandmoreconsistent.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

（A）ThehistoryofsurveysinNorthAmerica

（B）Theprinciplesofconductingsurveys

（C）Problemsassociatedwithinterpretingsurveys

（D）TheimportanceofpollsinAmericanpoliticallife

2.Thewordtheyinline8refersto

（A）NorthAmericans

（B）newsshows

（C）interviews

（D）opinions

3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindisadvantageofperson-on-the-streetinterviewsisthat

they

（A）arenotbasedonarepresentativesampling

（B）areusedonlyontelevision

（C）arenotcarefullyworded

（D）reflectpoliticalopinions

4.Thewordpreciseinline13isclosestinmeaningto

（A）planned

（B）rational

（C）required

（D）accurate

5.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingismostimportantforaneffectivesurvey?

（A）Ahighnumberofrespondents

（B）Carefullywordedquestions

（C）Aninterviewer'sabilitytomeasurerespondents'feelings

（D）Asociologistwhoisabletointerprettheresults

6.Thewordexerciseinline15isclosestinmeaningto

（A）utilize

（B）consider

（C）design

（D）defend

7.Thewordelicitinline19isclosestinmeaningto

（A）compose

（B）ruleout

（C）predict

（D）bringout

8.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatonereasonthatsociologistsmaybecomefrustrated

withquestionnairesisthat

（A）respondentsoftendonotcompleteandreturnquestionnaires

（B）questionnairesareoftendifficulttoread

（C）questionnairesareexpensiveanddifficulttodistribute

（D）respondentsaretooeagertosupplementquestionswiththeirownopinions

9.Accordingtothepassage,oneadvantageofliveinterviewsoverquestionnairesisthatlive

interviews

（A）costless

（B）canproducemoreinformation

（C）areeasiertointerpret

（D）minimizetheinfluenceoftheresearcher

10.Thewordprobeinline26isclosestinmeaningto

（A）explore

（B）influence

（C）analyze

（D）apply

11.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?

（A）Survey（line1）

（B）Publicopinion（line8）

（C）Representativesampling（line13）

（D）Responserate（line24）

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托福阅读真题2

Thelargestofthegiantgasplanets,Jupiter,withavolume1,300timesgreaterthanEarth's,containsmorethantwicethemassofalltheotherplanetscombined.Itisthoughttobeagaseousandfluidplanetwithoutsolidsurfaces,Haditbeensomewhatmoremassive,Jupitermighthaveattainedinternaltemperaturesashighastheignitionpointfornuclearreactions,anditwouldhaveflamedasastarinitsownright.Jupiterandtheothergiantplanetsareofalow-densitytypequitedistinctfromtheterrestrialplanets:

theyarecomposedpredominantlyofsuchsubstanc