太上感应篇英文版.docx
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太上感应篇英文版.docx
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太上感应篇英文版
TractateoftheMostHighOne
onActionsandConsequences
TractateoftheMostHighOne
onActionsandConsequences
TractateoftheMostHighOne
onActionsandConsequences
太上感应篇
TàishàngGǎnyìngPiān
ChapterLinks
(Chapterdivisionshavebeeninsertedbyme.Theoriginaltextiscontinuous.)
I.TheWorkingsofGoodandEvil
II.HowToBeGood
III.WhatHappensToGoodPeople
IV.TheCrimesoftheWicked(longestsection)
V.TheFateoftheWicked
VI.HopeforThoseWhoRepent
Introduction&Explanation
UnquestionablythemostimportantliterarygenreforthevastmajorityofChineseinlaterdynastieswasthemoralitytract.Suchworksweregenericallycalled"goodbooks"(shànshū善书).
Theseworkswerefullofeverythingfromclaimsaboutcosmicjusticetohackneyedproverbsandtalesofthefellfateofthosewhoignoredthem,fromlamentationsovertheperpetuallyrambunctiousyoungtoinjunctionsagainstthedrowningofunwantedinfants,frompottedbiographiesofmoralexemplarstojinglesaboutbeingkindtothesenile.
Veryfewwereproductionsofsignificantliterarymerit,andthewholegenretendedtobescornedbytheliterati(asitistoday).Manywerewrittenbymediumsintrancethroughtheuseofoneoranotherkindofouijaboard(planchette),apracticewhichcontinuestothepresent.(SeeJordan&Overmyer1986,Overmyer1976.)Andsuchworkswere(andare)printedinmillionsandmillionsofcopiesfromsmallpressesalloverChinafordistributionforfree,usuallyfromthe"takeone"tablesofpopulartemples.Thecostwasborneasanactofreligiousmeritnotjustbythewealthy,butsometimesbypeopleofquitemodestmeans.Manyaddedintroductionsorannotations,oftenarguingforgreatreligiousmerittobehadbyfrequentreadingorchantingofthetext.
Amongsuchworks,nonehaseverrivaledthe"TractateoftheMostHighOneonActionsandConsequences"orTàishàngGǎnyìngPiān太上感应篇.
PaulCarus,inhisintroductiontoa1906translationoftheworkthathepreparedincooperationwithTeitaroSuzuki,opinedthat,"ItseditionsexceedeventhoseoftheBibleandShakespeare…"(p.3).Intheintroductiontohisowntranslationin1918,JamesWebsterremarksthattheTractate,
…isperhapsthemostcelebratedtractintheannalsofliterature.Abookthathasbeenscatteredbroadcastamongapeoplenumberinghundredsofmillions,andtha5forseveralcenturies,mustbealmostwithoutparallel.
…thewidespreadcirculationofthetexthasmademanyofitspithyphrasespartofthecommontalkofthepeople,andonecannotlistenlongtoanyconversation,evenonthemostmundaneaffairsofdailyanddomesticlife,withouthearingsomeexpressionstheoriginofwhichistobefoundinthefamouslittlebook.(Pp.1-2)
TheTractateprobablyoriginatedinplanchette-writingsessions,forithasthehackneyedphrasesandchoppyflowthatcharacterizemanysuchworks,aswellastheseeminglyendlessandrepetitivelistofthosehumandeficienciesthatstrikeamateurmoralistsaroundtheworldassoespeciallyfascinating.
The"MostHighOne"referredtointhetitleisnoneotherthanLăozĭ老子,thelegendaryfounderofDaoism,whosespiritremainstothisdayafrequentvisitorinspiritwritingséances.
TheTractatehasbeenassociatedwiththeworkofaIVth-centuryDaoistnamedGĕHóng葛洪,whocalledhimselftheMasterEmbracingSimplicity(Bàopúzĭ抱朴子),buttheworkisquitecertainlynotfromhishand.LaterscholarshavesuggesteditmaydatefromaslateastheMíng明dynasty(1368-1644,period20)orasearlyastheSòng宋dynasty(960-1279,period15).
Whateveritsorigin,bythetimeofEuropeancontactintheXIXthcentury,theTractatehadsufficientprominencetoinspireFrenchandEnglishtranslationsin1816,1828,1830,1835,and1884,inadditiontotheearlyXXth-centuryonesmentionedabove(Webster,pp.10-11).Ifitsubiquityhasfadedsomewhattoday,togetherwiththe"goodbooks"literaturemorebroadly,itneverthelessremainsoneofthemostcommonreligioustractsinChina.Andquotationsandparaphrasesfromitmaystillbeheardinspokenlanguage,justastheywereacenturyandmoreago.
Thetranslationofferedhere,whileinformedbypreviousones,ismyownandhasbeenbeenpreparedforuseinmyclasses.IhaveincludedthefullChinesetextinbothcharactersandromanizationforthebenefitofthemajorityofmystudentswhoarealsostudyingChineseandwhomaythereforebecuriousabouttheoriginaltext.
Otherinstructorsshouldfeelfreetousethetextinanywaytheyplease.Nofurtherpermissionisnecessary.
Workscitedabove:
CARUS,Paul&TeitaroSUZUKI
1906T'ai-shangkan-yingp'ien:
Treatiseoftheexaltedoneonresponseandretribution.LaSalleIL:
OpenCourtPublishing.
JORDAN,DavidK.&DanielL.Overmyer
1986Theflyingphoenix:
aspectsofChinesesectarianismin
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