英语报刊演示教学.pptx
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英语报刊演示教学.pptx
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英语报刊,Theheydayoftheirempire,TheBritishGovernment,BritainTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandSystemofgovernment:
constitutionalmonarchy.Thecentralgovernmentincludes:
monarch,Parliamentandthecabinet.,ThemonarchFunctions:
headofstateOfficialtitles:
king&queenOfficialresidence:
BuckinghamPalace,WindsorCastle,2.ParliamentTwochambers:
theHouseofLords(theUpperHouse)andMembers:
议员Chairman:
LordHighChancellor议长theHouseofCommons(LowerHouse)Members:
议员Chairman:
Speaker议长,TheHouseofCommonsandHouseofLordsmeetinthePalaceofWestminster,locatednexttotheRiverThamesinLondon.,WestminsterPalace,RIVERTHAMESINLONDON,HousesofParliament,PalaceofWestminster威斯敏斯特宫(PalaceofWestminster),又称国会大厦(HousesofParliament)是英国国会(包括上议院和下议院)的所在地威斯敏斯特宫是哥特复兴式建筑的代表作之一,1987年被列为世界文化遗产,3.ThegovernmentandthecabinetPrimeMinisterSecretaryofstatefortheHomeDepartment内政大臣ChancelloroftheExchequer财政大臣secretaryofstateforDefense国防大臣.,PoliticsPoliticalparties:
Two-partysystemConservativeparty(DonaldCameron)LaborpartyElection:
Period:
everyfiveyearsatnationwidelevel.,Britain,TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandBritainisaconstitutionalmonarchy.Themonarch,atpresentQueenElizabethII,istheHeadofState(theofficialrulerofthecountry).Shehastoagreetoallnewlawsbeforetheycancomeintoforce.EveryyearsheperformstheStateOpeningofParliament,whenshemakesaspeechwhichtellswhatthegovernmentintendstodo.,Monarch:
arulerofastate,suchasakingorqueen,whohasarighttorulebybirth,anddoesnothavetobeelected.Monarchy:
thesystembywhichastateisruledbyakingorqueen.Alsoastateruledbyakingorqueen.,Whatishername?
WhatistheUK?
TheQueenappointsthePrimeMinisterandgivestitlesandotherhonourstopeoplewhohavedonegoodthingsforthecountry.,PresentPMTonyBlair,FormerPMMargaretThatcher,Inpracticethequeenhasverylittlepower,andshemaynotexpressapoliticalopinioninpublic.ShecannotrefusetoagreetoalawwhichhasbeendecidedonbyParliamentandshemustappointasPrimeMinistertheleaderofthepoliticalpartythathaswonthemostparliamentaryseats.,Thequeensdutiesaremainlyceremonial.Somepeoplethinkthatthemonarchyisold-fashionedandawasteofmoney,butothersfeelthatitisagoodthingtohavesomeonerepresentthecountryonimportantoccasionswhoisnotconnectedwithanypoliticalparty.,Britainisarguablytheoldestrepresentativedemocracyintheworld.RepresentativeDemocracyandalsoknownasParliamentaryDemocracy(议会制民主)Monarch-ConstitutionalMonarchy(君主立宪制)TheQueenisthechiefofthestate,butwithoutrealpower,Elizabeth-QueenoftheUnited,KingdomandtheotherCommonwealthrealmsReign6February1952present(62years),Coronation2June1953PredecessorGeorgeVIHeirApparentCharles,PrinceofWales(thePrinceofWalesistheheirtothethrone.)ConsortPrincePhilip,DukeofEdinburgh,英国王位为世袭制。
1701年颁布的王位继承法规定,英王去世后由其长子或长女继承,男性优于女性。
长子如已死亡,则由其后嗣继承。
若长子去世时尚无子女,则由英王的次子或后嗣继承。
如英王无子,才由其弟继承。
1952年继位的现女王是英国汉诺威王朝的第十一代君王。
英国王位的继承顺序(orderofsuccessiontothethrone)前六名是:
PrinceCharles(女王长子)PrinceWilliam(Charles之长子)PrinceHenry(Charles之二子)PrinceAndrew(女王二子)PrinceEdward(女王三子)PrincessAnne(女王之女),英国的君主立宪制,君主立宪制是英国政府最古老的制度。
英女王伊丽莎白二世传承了爱格伯国王(KingEgbert)自公元829年统一英格兰后建立起的王权。
英国历史上君主立宪制唯一的间断期出现在1649至1660年间的共和时期。
今天,英国女王不仅仅代表着英国的国家元首,同时象征着英国国家统一的标志。
英女王在英国的全称是:
“伊丽莎白二世、大不列颠、北爱尔兰联合王国及其它领土和疆域之上帝赐予之女王、英联邦的元首及忠实的捍卫者”。
在英吉利海峡诸岛及曼恩岛(theChannelIslandsandtheIsleofMan)行使着女王的权威。
虽然君主立宪制的王权宝座只设在英国,英女王仍然代表着许多英联邦国家的国家元首。
英女王在完全独立于英国政府的英联邦国家大臣们的建议下,将她的权力委托给英联邦国家的总督,代为行使管辖。
总督的正式皇家称谓随国家和地区的差异而不尽相同。
有一些英联邦国家则建立了共和制或由自身的君主进行立宪。
在英属的海外领地,地方统治者代表着女王,对英国政府负责,行使领地的管辖。
虽然女王有着至高无上的头衔,主要的权力却掌握在议会手中,女王的职责多为礼仪性的。
英国议会由英国女王、上议院和一个由选举产生的下议院三方组成。
这三方仅在一些具重要象征意义的仪式上同时出现。
譬如,在每年英国议会重开的仪式上,女王会在上议院召见下议院议员。
英国的立法需要这三方的一致通过,女王通常不持异议。
Introduction,Asyouknow,BritainisaMonarchy.TheQueen,asheadofstate,choosesaprimeminister,dissolvesParliamentanddeclareswar,andtakesthepoliticalaccountabilitywhileremainingabovepoliticsandtakingnosidesinanypoliticaldebate.However,justceremonialduties.Sowhetheritshouldstayornot?
quotationfromChurchillsdescriptionaboutthemonarchysystemthebestthatmanhadyetdevised,whythemonarchymuststay,Thissystempreventspoliticiansfromtooeasilyusurpingpower.Itisoneofthegreatstrengthsofmonarchythatithasnevertakensidesinanypoliticaldebate,thatitshowsitself,asaninstitution,tobeevenhanded.,Ifoneweretojettisonthemonarchy,government,Parliament,thenationandthecommonwealthwouldbeturnedupsidedown.Fromthisfollowstrade,andavitaleconomicboosttothenationsindustryandcommerce.Athome,monarchyisatthecenterofamultimillion-dollartouristindustry.Thatpeoplelikethingsthewaytheyare,MrsWindsor,anyone?
Themainidea,Theroyalscandalledtothedisputeofthemonarchsremovalorretention,howeveritsstillhardtodiscoverastrongmovementtowardarepublicinBritainhistory,apollcommissionedbytheleftishandrepublican-leaningGuardianasked1,000peoplewhetherBritainwouldbebetterorworseoffwithoutaroyalfamilyand69percentsaidworseoff,anumberinlinewithsimilarpollsthroughoutthepast60years.,ThemysteryofBritishrepublicanismhaslongbeenitsalmosttotalnon-existence.,TheQueensJubilees,TheQueensJubileesSilverjubilee1977Goldjubilee2002Diamondjubilee2012,.Morethanamillionspectatorslinedthebanksoftherivertocheerthe86-year-old*monarch.SheisonlythesecondBritishmonarchtocelebrateadiamondjubilee,afterQueenVictoria.Theriverpageantwasthemaineventoffourdaysofcelebrationsforthe60thyearofthequeensreignandstreetpartieswereheldaroundthecountry.,QuestionsAretheremanyBritonsagainstMonarchyaccordingtotheauthor?
No,Onlyahandfulofpeoplehaveexpressedtheirdislikeforthemonarchy,2.Whatdoestheslogan“Dontjubileeveit!
”ontheplacardmean?
DonttakepartinanycelebrationfortheQueenssdiamondjubilee.Dontyoubelieveit,3.Howdoyouunderstandtheslogan“9500nursesor1Queen”?
TheexpensesoftheQueenareequaltothoseof9500nurses.Itsuggeststhattheroyalfamilyslifeisextravagantandsopeoplechoosetohavemorenursesinsteadofaqueen,4.WhydoyouthinkthemajorityofBritonsgivetheirsupporttotheroyalfamily?
Theircountrycanbenefitaloteconomicallyfromit,andtheirstateissaferandmorestablewithit.,theStructure,Paragraph1-3theanti-monarchistarrangementsforthecelebrationofthediamondjubileePara4-8monarchymishandledPara9-13historyofrepublicPara14-18abolishnistofthemonarchyPara19-20supportofthemonarchy,DetailedStudyoftheText,Therewereeightofthem,aprettydecentattendanceonsuchanoccasion,(Para2)Thenumberofpeoplewhoattendwasnotsmall.Theywereputtingfinishingtouchestothe(Para2)Tomakefinaladjustmentsofcompleting,whentheyheldtheirownanti-royalstreetparty,andthejubileehaveproducedspikesinsupport.(Para3)-sharprise,Andforthemonarchy,aninstitutionwhichhasheldfirmwithone11-yeargapsincethestartofthe9thcentury,the21stcenturyhasmarkedareturntoitscustomarypopularityanddominance(Para5),The1990sweredisastrousfortheroyalfamily(Para5),Theroyalanticsledtothefactthatmonarchisthreatened.,The1990swerediastrousfortheroyalfamily“annushorribilis”CamillagateSquidgygate,Afterthe“annushorribilis,”“Camillagate,”“Squidgygate”andotherroyalantics,supportforthemonarchyinGreatBritaindroppedto38percent.annushorribilis:
-yearsofwonders,esp.Appliedto1666,ortootheryearsofremarkableorcatastrophicevents,Suffix-gate,Gate:
(scandal),Formingnounsfromthenamesofpeopleorplaces;usedesp.innewspapers.LikeWatergate,thescandalintheUSthatbroughtabouttheresignationofPresidentNixonin1974.,Camillagate-Concerningaclosefemalefriend(Camilla)ofPrinceCharlesSquidgygate-PrincessDianassexualscandal,Buttheturnaround,widelyperceivedtohavegoldenjubileeof2002(Para6)SilverJubilee1977GoldJubilee2002DiamondJubilee2012,apollcommissionedbytheleftishandrepublican-leaningGuardianasked1,000peoplewhetherBritainwouldbebetterorworseoffwithoutaroyalfamilyand69percentsaidworseoff,anumberinlinewithsimilarpollsthroughoutthepast60years.(Para6),Anumberinlinewithsimilarpollsthroughoutthepast60years(Para6)Theresultofthepollwasconsistentwithsimilarpollsinthepast60years.,AtthebehestoftheFTsphotographer(Para7)Attherequestof,ThecivilwarthatledtoCharlesIsexecutionin1649was(tooversimplify)abattleovertheoriginandextentofthekingsauthorityratherthanitsexistence(Para9),EnglishCivilWar是1642年至1651年在英国议会派与保皇派之间发生的一系列武装冲突及政治斗争;英国辉格党称之为清教徒革命(英文:
-PuritanRevolution-),马克思主义史观称之为英国资产阶级革命(EnglishBourgeoisRevolution)。
在内战中,以克伦威尔等人为代表的革命领导人创建了新型的军队,并在实战中创造了一套新的战略战术,在欧洲军事史上写下了光辉的一页。
他对于英国和整个欧洲都产生了巨大的影响,历史学家一般将革命开始的1640年作为世界近代史的开端。
TheHOUSEOFCromwell:
克伦威尔公馆,喻其政权Republicanism:
Theideologyofgoverningasocietyorstateasapublic,wheretheheadofstateiselected,OliverCromwelldissolveParliament(P9)dissolveparliament,declarewar,waivethepower,usurppower,Inthe352yearssincethentherehavebeenmomentsthatmighthavebeenconstruedasrepublicanopportunities(Para10)-explainedTherewasabadrunforthemonarchy.(Para10)Therewasabadtimeforthemonarchy.,ButBritainsfaithinitssystemhadbeencementedbytheexcessesoftheFrenchRevolution(Para10)BecausetheFrenchRevolutionwenttoofarindealingwiththeirmonarch,theBritishpeoplereinforcedtheirfaithintheirsystem,i.e.monarchy.,TheinstitutionrecoveredquicklyaftertheaccessionofVictoriain1837(Para11)-Monarchy,QUEENOFTHEUNITEDKINGDOM,Reign20June
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