Constructivism in Ethics.pdf
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Constructivism in Ethics.pdf
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moreinformation-www.cambridge.org/9781107019218SpecSD1Date26-julyAretheresuchthingsasmoraltruths?
Howdoweknowwhatweshoulddo?
Anddoesitmatter?
Constructivismstatesthatmoraltruthsareneitherinventednordiscovered,butratherareconstructedbyrationalagentsinordertosolvepracticalproblems.Whilecon-structivismhasbecomethefocusofmanyphilosophicaldebatesinnormativeethics,meta-ethics,andactiontheory,itsimportanceisstilltobefullyappreciated.Thesenewessayswrittenbyleadingscholarsdefineandassessthisnewapproachinethics,addressingsuchquestionsasthenatureofconstructivism,howconstructivismimprovesourunderstandingofmoralobligations,howitaccountsforthedevelopmentofnormativepractices,whethermoraltruthschangeovertime,andmanyothertopics.Thevolumewillbeval-uableforadvancedstudentsandscholarsofethicsandallwhoareinterestedinquestionsaboutthefoundationofmorality.CArlAbAgnoliisProfessorofPhilosophyattheUniversityofModena.Shehaswrittenextensivelyinethicsandpracticalreason-ing,andistheeditorofMoralityandtheEmotions(2011).ConStrUCtiviSMinEtHiCSSpecSD1Date26-julyConStrUCtiviSMinEtHiCSEDitEDbyCArlAbAgnoliUniversityofModenaUniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCb28bS,UnitedKingdomCambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge.itfurtherstheUniversitysmissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitofeducation,learningandresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence.www.cambridge.orginformationonthistitle:
www.cambridge.org/9781107019218CambridgeUniversityPress2013Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.Firstpublished2013PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyClays,StivesplcAcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibraryLibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdataConstructivisminethics/editedbyCarlabagnoli.pagescmincludesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.iSbn978-1-107-01921-81.Constructivism(Philosophy)2.Ethics.i.bagnoli,Carla,1966editorofcompilation.b809.13.C6652013171.7dc232013009510CiPiSbn978-1-107-01921-8HardbackAdditionalresourcesforthispublicationatwww.cambridge.org/bagnoliCambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyofUrlsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.vNotesoncontributorspageviiPrefacexiintroduction1CarlaBagnoli1Moralskepticism,constructivism,andthevalueofhumanity22RobertStern2Hownottobeanethicalconstructivist:
acritiqueofKorsgaardsneo-Kantianconstitutivism41WilliamJ.FitzPatrick3Kantsconstructivism63OliverSensen4Meta-ethicsanditsdiscontents:
acasestudyofKorsgaard82NadeemJ.Z.HussainandNishiShah5isconstructivismanalternativetomoralrealism?
108DavidCopp6Constructivismandpracticalknowledge133StephenEngstrom7Constructivismaboutpracticalknowledge153CarlaBagnoli8Constructivismandparticularism183MarkLeBar9Constructivecomplaints201ThomasBaldwinContentsContentsvi10revisingmoralnorms:
pragmatismandtheproblemofperspicuousdescription221HenryS.RichardsonReferences243Index254viiCarlaBagnoliisProfessorofTheoreticalPhilosophyattheUniversityofModena(italy),afteratenuredappointmentasfullprofessorattheUniversityofWisconsin.Sheistheauthorofthreemonographsinitalian,onmoraldilemmas,coherenceandmoralauthority,andtheeditorofMoralityandtheEmotions(2011).Shehaspublishedonmeta-ethicsandpracticalreasoning,includingtheentry“ConstructivisminMeta-ethics”inTheStanfordEncyclopediaofPhilosophy(2011).ThomasBaldwinisProfessorofPhilosophyattheUniversityofyork(UK)andtheeditorofMind.Hehaspublishedextensivelyonmajorthemesoftwentieth-centuryphilosophy,especiallyg.E.Moore,includ-ingMooresethics.Amonghispublicationsare“rawlsandMoralPsychology”(OxfordStudiesinMetaethics,2008);“recognition:
PersonalandPolitical”(Politics,Philosophy&Economics,2009);and“rawls,”in12ModernPhilosophers(ed.ChristopherbelshawandgaryKemp,2009).davidCoppisProfessorofPhilosophyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis(USA)andtopiceditorformeta-ethicsofTheStanfordEncyclopediaofPhilosophy.HeistheauthorofMorality,Normativity,andSociety(1995)andMoralityinaNaturalWorld(CambridgeUniversityPress,2007).Hehasalsowrittenarticlesinmeta-ethicsandnormativeethics,andheistheeditorofTheOxfordHandbookofEthicalTheory(2006)andofthemonographseries“oxfordEthicalTheory”.sTephenengsTromisProfessorofPhilosophyattheUniversityofPittsburgh(USA).HeistheauthorofTheFormofPracticalKnowledge(2009)andeditor(withJenniferWhiting)ofAristotle,Kant,andtheStoics(CambridgeUniversityPress,1996).HehasalsowrittenarticlesonKantspracticalandtheoreticalphilosophy.ContributorsNotesoncontributorsviiiwilliamJ.FiTzpaTriCkisAssociateProfessorattheDepartmentofPhilosophyatUniversityofrochester(USA).Heisauthorof“ThePracticalturninEthicalTheory:
KorsgaardsConstructivism,realism,andthenatureofnormativity”(Ethics,2005);“reasons,value,andParticularAgents:
normativerelevancewithoutMotivationalinternalism”(Mind,2004);“robustEthicalrealism,non-naturalism,andnormativity”(OxfordStudiesinMetaethics,2008);and“Moralresponsibilityandnormativeignorance:
AnsweringanewSkepticalChallenge”(Ethics,2009).nadeemJ.z.hussainisAssociateProfessorofPhilosophyatStanfordUniversity(USA).Hespecializesinmeta-ethics,thephilosophyofaction,andthehistoryofnineteenth-centurygermanphilosophy.Hehaspublished“MisunderstandingMeta-ethics:
Korsgaardsrejectionofrealism”co-authoredwithnishiShah(OxfordStudiesinMetaethics,2006).markleBarisAssociateProfessoratohioUniversity(USA)andauthorofTheValueofLivingWell(2013);“AristotelianConstructivism”(SocialPhilosophyandPolicy,2008);“goodforyou”(PacificPhilosophicalQuarterly,2004);and“EudaimonistAutonomy”(AmericanPhilosophicalQuarterly,2006).henrys.riChardsonisProfessorofPhilosophyatgeorgetownUniversity(USA)andistheeditorofEthics.HeistheauthorofPracticalReasoningaboutFinalEnds(CambridgeUniversityPress,1994)andDemocraticAutonomy:
PublicReasoningabouttheEndsofPolicy(2002),aswellasofanumberofarticlesinethicsandpoliticalphilosophy.oliversensenisAssociateProfessorofPhilosophyattulaneUniversity(USA).HeistheauthorofseveralessaysandmonographicvolumessuchasKantonHumanDignity(2011),theeditorofKantonMoralAutonomy(CambridgeUniversityPress,2012),co-editorofKants“Tugendlehre”:
ACommentary(Degruyter,2013),aswellasco-editorofKantsLecturesonEthics:
ACriticalGuide(CambridgeUniversityPress,forthcoming).nishishahisAssociateProfessoratAmherstCollege(USA).WithnadeemHussain,hehaspublished“MisunderstandingMetaethics:
Korsgaardsrejectionofrealism”(OxfordStudiesinMetaethics,2006).Morerecentpublicationsinclude“ThelimitsofnormativeDetachment”(ProceedingsoftheAristotelianSociety,2010);and“MentalNotesoncontributorsixAgencyandMetaethics,”co-authoredwithMatthewEvans(OxfordStudiesinMetaethics,2012).roBerTsTernisProfessorofPhilosophyattheUniversityofSheffield(UK).HeistheauthorofseveralessaysandmonographsincludingUnderstandingMoralObligation:
Kant,Hegel,Kierkegaard(CambridgeUniversityPress,2012);Hegelandthe“PhenomenologyofSpirit”(2002);TranscendentalArgumentsandScepticism(2000);andHegel,KantandtheStructureoftheObject(1990).xiTheideaforthisprojecthasalonghistory.inthespringof1994ihadtheopportunityandtheprivilegetoparticipateinagraduateseminaronpol-iticalliberalismheldbyJohnrawlsatHarvardUniversity.Eventhoughthecoursewasonpoliticalphilosophy,iwasparticularlyinterestedinitsimplicationsformeta-ethics.Untilthen,ihadcarriedoutmystudiesattheUniversitiesofFlorenceandMilan,andithoughtKantbelongedinthehistorythatconnectsrousseautoMarxviaHegel,ofcourse.toconceiveofKantianethicsasprovidingnewresourcesforcontemporarymeta-ethicsseemedtomebothfascinatingandchallenging.yearslater,ifindthatKantianconstructivismcontinuestogeneratethesamemixtureofinterestandperplexitythatifeltasastudent.timeisripeforanassess-mentofthemanywaysinwhichconstructivismfurthersourunderstand-ingofmoralnormsandofourselvesassensitivetonorms.ishouldliketothankthemanycolleaguesandfriendswhohavesup-portedthisproject,eventhoughtheyhavenotcontributedinwriting:
ClotildeCalabi,lucaFerrero,ChristineM.Korsgaard,ElijahMillgram,richardMoran,MassimoMugnai,Andrewsreath,MarcoSantambrogio,tamarSchapiro,andgabrieleUsberti.And,ofcourse,iammostgratefultotheauthorsofthisvolumeforhavingagreedtoparticipateinthispro-jectwithenthusiasm.ishouldliketoacknowledgetheUniversityofWisconsinforasummerresearchawardthatpartlysupportedthisworkonconstructivismin2010,andtheUniversityofModenaforgrantingaleaveofabsenceinfall2010.Finally,ishouldliketoexpressmygratitudetoHilarygaskinatCambridgeUniversityPressforbelievinginthisproject.Mydeepestthankstomyfamily,andtolucaCarliballola,forprovid-inginventivedistractionsalongtheway.Preface1Thecentralideabehindconstructivismisthatmoralvaluesandmoralnormsarenotdiscovered,orrevealedtousasifbythegods,butratherconstructedbyhumanagentsforspecificpurposes.Themetaphorofconstructionimplie
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