lesson 1greetings 问好.docx
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lesson 1greetings 问好.docx
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lesson1greetings问好
LessonOneGreetings
第一課問好
DìyíkèWènhǎo
DialogueI:
ExchangingGreetings
Vocabulary
1.先生xiānshengnMr.;husband;teacher
2.你好nǐhǎoceHowdoyoudo?
Hello!
你nǐpryou
好hǎoadjfine;good;nice;O.K.
3.小姐xiǎojienMiss;younglady
4.請問qǐngwènceMayIask...
請qǐngvplease(politeformofrequest)
問wènvtoask(aquestion)
5.您nínpryou(singular;polite)
6.#貴姓guìxìngceWhatisyourhonorablesurname?
貴guìadjhonorable
姓xìngv/n(one’s)surnameis...;tobe
surnamed/surname
7.我wǒprI;me
8.呢neqpinterrogativeparticle
9.叫jiàovtobecalled;tocall
10.什麼shénmeqprwhat
11.名字míngzinname
ProperNouns
12.王朋WángPéngapersonalname
王wángnasurname;king
13.李友LǐYǒuapersonalname
李lǐnasurname;plum
DialogueI
Wángxiānsheng
(1):
Nǐhǎo
(2)!
Lǐxiǎojie:
Nǐhǎo!
Wángxiānsheng:
Qǐngwèn,nínguìxìng(3)?
Lǐxiǎojie:
Wǒxìng(G1)Lǐ.Nǐne(G2)?
Wángxiānsheng:
WǒxìngWáng,jiào(G3)WángPéng(4).Nǐjiàoshénmemíngzi(5)?
Lǐxiǎojie:
WǒjiàoLǐYǒu.
DialogueI
王先生
(1)﹕你好
(2)!
李小姐﹕你好!
王先生﹕請問,您貴姓(3)?
李小姐﹕我姓(G1)李。
你呢(G2)?
王先生﹕我姓王,叫(G3)王朋(4)。
你叫什麼名字(5)?
李小姐﹕我叫李友。
Note:
1.The#precedingacharacterinthevocabularysectionsuggeststhatit’salowfrequencyone.Theteachermightwanttoallowthestudenttousepinyininsteadofwritingthecharacterwhendoinghomework
2.Thenumberingsystemfornotesinthistextbookworksasfollows:
a.Fornumberswithoutanyletterinfrontofthem,seetheNotessection.
b.Fornumbersprecededwitha“G”,seetheGrammarsection.
Notes:
(1)MostChinesefamilynamesorsurnames(姓xìng)aremonosyllabic.Thereare,however,afewdisyllabicfamilynames,writtenintwocharacters.ThenumberofChinesefamilynamesisfairlylimited.Accordingtothemostrecentcensus,themostcommonfamilynamesareLi李(Lǐ),Wang王(Wáng),Zhang張(Zhāng),Liu劉(Liú),andChen陳(Chén).Familynamesalsoprecedeofficialtitlesorotherformsofaddress:
王先生(Wángxiānsheng,literally,WangMister),李老師(Lǐlǎoshī,literally,LiTeacher),etc.Whenaddressingsomeonewithoutknowinghisorherfamilyname,itispropertocallhim先生(xiānsheng,Mister)orher小姐(xiǎojie,Miss)ifsheisrelativelyyoung.
(2)“你好!
”(Nǐhǎo!
)isacommonformofgreeting.Itcanbeusedtoaddressstrangersuponfirstintroductionorbetweenoldacquaintances.Torespond,simplyrepeatthegreeting:
“你好!
”(Nǐhǎo!
).“你好嗎?
”(Nǐhǎoma?
Howareyou?
)isaquestionusuallyaskedofpeopleyoualreadyknow.Theanswerisusually“我很好.”(Wǒhěnhǎo.Iamfine.)
(3)Etymologically,thecharacter姓(xìng),withafemaleradicalontheleftsideandanideographiccomponentontherightthatcanmean“togivebirth,”suggeststhematriarchalnatureofthesocietyatthetimeofthecharacter’sconception,whenfamilynameswereinheritedmatrilineally.
(4)InChinesefamilynames(姓xìng)alwaysprecedepersonalorgivennames(名míng).Personalnamesusuallycarryauspiciousorpositivemeanings.Itcanbeeithermonosyllabic,writteninonecharacter,ordisyllabic,writtenintwocharacters.AsinWesterncultures,fullnamesareoftenreservedforformaloccasions.DifferentfromWesterncultures,however,aChinesepersonisseldomreferredtobyhisorherfamilynamealone,especiallyifthefamilynameismonosyllabic.Forexample,WangPeng(王朋WángPéng),shouldnotbereferredtosimplyasWang.
(5)InChina,whenyoumeetsomeone,itispolitetoaskforhisorherfamilynamefirst,ratherthanhis/herfullname.Thenthequestion“你叫什麼名字?
”(Nǐjiàoshénmemíngzi?
Whatisyourname?
)canbeaskedtofindouthisorhergivennameorfullname.
CultureNotes
InChinatheuseofgiven-namesoftensuggestsamuchhigherdegreeofintimacythanitisthecaseintheWest.Ifone’sgivennameismonosyllabic,itsuseisevenmorelimited,usuallyconfinedtowriting.Forexample,WangPeng’sparentscanaddresshimasPengintheirletterstohim,butathometheywouldmostlikelycallhimWangPeng,insteadofPeng.Ifheisstillachild,theymightcallhimXiaoPeng(lit.LittlePeng)orPengpeng(byduplicatingthesyllable).
Doyouknowanybodywiththefollowingsurnames?
畢(Bì);蔡(Cài);陳(Chén);高(Gāo);黃(Huáng);李(Lǐ);林(Lín);劉(Liú);羅(Luó);毛(Máo);史(Shǐ);王(Wáng);吳(Wú);謝(Xiè);徐(Xú);許(Xǔ);楊(Yáng);姚(Yáo);葉(Yè);張(Zhāng);鄭(Zhèng);周(Zhōu)
DialogueII:
AskingOne’sStatus
Vocabulary
1.是shìvtobe
2.老師lǎoshīnteacher
3.嗎maqpinterrogativeparticle
4.不bùadvnot;no
5.學生xuéshengnstudent
6.也yěadvtoo;also
7.中國人ZhōngguórénnChinesepeople/person
中國ZhōngguónChina
人rénnpeople;person
8.美國人MěiguórénnAmericanpeople/person
美國MěiguónAmerica
DialogueII
Lǐxiǎojie:
Wángxiānsheng,nǐshì(G4)lǎoshīma(G5)?
Wángxiānsheng:
Bù(G6),wǒbú
(1)shìlǎoshī,wǒshìxuésheng.Lǐxiǎojie,nǐne?
Lǐxiǎojie:
Wǒyě(G7)shìxuésheng.NǐshìZhōngguórénma?
Wángxiānsheng:
Shì,wǒshìZhōngguórén.NǐshìMěiguórénma?
Lǐxiǎojie:
WǒshìMěiguórén.
DialogueII
李小姐﹕王先生,你是(G4)老師嗎(G5)?
王先生﹕不(G6),我不
(1)是老師,我是學生。
李小姐,
你呢?
李小姐﹕我也(G7)是學生。
你是中國人嗎?
王先生﹕是,我是中國人。
你是美國人嗎?
李小姐﹕我是美國人。
Notes:
(1)Thebasicpronunciationof不is“bù”withfourthtone.However,whenitisplacedbeforeanotherfourthtonesyllable,不ispronouncedinthesecondtoneinstead.Therefore,不是ispronounced“búshì”ratherthan“bùshì.”Inthistextbook,thetonefor不ismarkedasitisactuallypronounced.
Supplementaryvocabulary
1.朋友péngyounfriend
2.太太tàitainwife;Mrs.
3.英國YīngguónBritain;England
4.法國FǎguónFrance
5.日本RìběnnJapan
6.德國DéguónGermany
7.英國人YīngguórénnBritishpeople/person
8.法國人FǎguórénnFrenchpeople/person
9.日本人RìběnrénnJapanesepeople/person
10.德國人DéguórénnGermanpeople/person
11.韓國人hánguórénnKoreanpeople/person
12.越南人YuènánrénnVietnamesepeople/person
A
B
C
D
Canyoutelltheirnationalitiesbytheircostumes?
Grammar
[Note:
Inthegrammarexplanationsinthistextbook,thesign*indicatesanexamplesentencethatillustratesagrammaticalorsyntacticmistake.]
1.TheVerb姓(xìng)
姓(xìng)isbothanounandaverb.Whenitisusedasaverb,itmustbefollowedbyanobject.
Forexample:
1.A:
您貴姓?
Nínguìxìng?
(Whatisyoursurname?
Lit:
Yourhonorablesurnameis…?
)
B:
我姓王。
WǒxìngWáng.
(MysurnameisWang.)
2.A:
你姓什麼?
Nǐxìngshénme?
(Whatisyoursurname?
Lit:
Youaresurnamedwhat?
)
B:
我姓李。
WǒxìngLǐ.
(MysurnameisLi.)
姓(xìng)isusuallynegatedwith不(bù).[SeeG.6below]
3.A.你姓李嗎?
Nǐxìnglǐma?
(IsyourfamilynameLi?
)
B.我不姓李。
WǒbúxìngLǐ.
(MysurnameisnotLi.)
Note:
When姓(xìng)isusedasaverb,itmustbefollowedbyanobject.Oneshouldthereforeneversay*我姓(*Wǒxìng)or*我不姓(*Wǒbúxìng).
2.QuestionsEndingwith呢(ne)
呢(ne)oftenfollowsanounorpronountoformaquestionwhenthecontentofthequestionisalreadyclearfromthecontext.
Forexample:
1.我姓李,你呢?
WǒxìngLǐ,nǐne?
(MysurnameisLi.Howaboutyou?
)
2.我是中國人,你呢?
WǒshìZhōngguórén,nǐne?
(IamChinese.Howaboutyou?
)
3.他是老師,你呢?
Tāshìlǎoshī,nǐne?
(Heisateacher.Howaboutyou?
)
Note:
When呢(ne)isusedinthisway,theremustbesomecontext.Insentence
(1)thecontextisprovidedbytheprecedingsentence,“我是中國人.”(WǒshìZhōngguórén.)Likewiseinsentence
(2)“他是老師.”(Tāshìlǎoshī.)providesthecontext.
3.TheVerb叫(jiào)
Theverb叫(jiào)hasseveralmeanings.Itmeans“tobecalled”inthislesson.Itmustbefollowedbyanobject.
Forexample:
1.A你叫什麼名字?
Nǐjiàoshénmemíngzi?
(Whatisyourname?
)
B.我叫王朋。
WǒjiàoWángPéng.
(MynameisWangPeng.)
叫(jiào)isusuallynegatedwith不(bù).[SeeG.6below]
2.A.你叫李生嗎?
NǐjiàoLǐShēngma?
(IsyournameLiSheng?
)
B.我不叫李生。
WǒbújiàoLǐShēng.
(MynameisnotLiSheng.)
Note:
Like姓(xìng),when叫(jiào)isusedasaverb,itmusttakeanobject.Oneshouldthereforeneversay*我叫(*Wǒjiào)or*我不叫(*Wǒbújiào).
Note:
Fromtheexamplesabove,wecanseethatthebasicwordorderinaChinesesentencerunslikethis:
Subject+Verb+Object
Thewordorderremainsthesameinstatementsandquestions.Pleaserememberthatyoudon’tplacethequestionwordatthebeginningofaquestionasyoudoinEnglish,unlessthatquestionwordservesasthesubject.(SeemoreonwordorderinGrammarNote1inLessonThree)
4.TheVerb是(shì)
InChinese,是(shì)isaverbwhichcanbeusedtolinktwonouns,pronouns,ornounphrasesthatareinsomewayequivalent.
Forexample:
1.A你是老師嗎?
Nǐshìlǎoshīma?
(Areyouateacher?
)
B:
我是老師。
Wǒshìlǎoshī.
(Iamateacher.)
2.A李友是學生。
LǐYǒushìxuésheng.
(LiYouisastudent.)
B.你是美國人嗎?
NǐshìMěiguórénma?
(AreyouanAmerican?
)
是(shì)isusuallynegatedwith不(bù).[SeeG.6below]
3.A李友不是中國人。
LǐYǒubúshìZhōngguórén.
(LiYouisnotChinese.)
B.王朋不是老師。
WángPéngbúshìlǎoshī.
(WangPengisnotateacher.)
5.QuestionsEndingwith嗎(ma)
When嗎(ma)isaddedtotheendofadeclarativestatement,thatstatementisturnedintoaquestion.Thepersonwhoasksaquestionthatendswith嗎(ma)oftenhassomeexpectationoftheanswer.Insentence
(1)below,thequestionermayexpectthattheotherpersonisateacher,andinsentence
(2)thequestionermayexpectthattheotherpersonisastudent.Toanswerthequestionintheaffirmative,是
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