HRM03worldHRM(E).pptx
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HRM03worldHRM(E).pptx
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LectureThreeManagementAroundTheWorldandTheDifferencesinPolitical,Economic,andLegalSystems,Asia,Africa,America,Europe,andSouthPacificRegions,1,ProfShumingZhao,DiscussionTopic:
1.Whatarethedifferencesinmanagementaroundtheworld?
2.Whataredifferencesinpolitical,economic,andlegalsystemsbetweencountries?
3.Whatarethepoliticalrisks?
4.Whycompaniesusecompetitiveadvantageforinternationalbusiness?
2,ProfShumingZhao,I.ManagementAroundtheWorld1.AsianCountriesandRegions,JapanThreeparticularManagementpracticesLifetimeemployment,Promotionandcompensationareprimarilybasedonseniority,andCompany-basedunions(asopposedtonational,craft,orindustry-wideunions),3,ProfShumingZhao,Japan,JapaneseManagementPracticesGroupConsensusLong-termplanningQualityOrientationOrganizationallearningJapanesemanagementpracticestendtofocusonprocessimprovementandlong-termgoalsratherthanonshort-termnumbersandresults.,4,ProfShumingZhao,Japan,CulturalFactorsImpactingManagementGeographyanddemographics:
3000islands,126millionpeople,99.4%JapanesewithasmallnumberofKoreansandChineseLanguage:
Japanese(ThewrittenlanguageinitiallyborrowedfromtheChinese),99%literateReligion:
Shinto,emphasisonhonor,courage,politeness,andreserve,hasbeenimportantinfluenceinthedevelopmentofJapanesesocialvalues.,5,ProfShumingZhao,Japan,CulturalFactorsImpactingManagementReligion:
Buddhism,withemphasisonharmony,flexibility,adaptation,andcompromiseConfucianism,withitsvirtuesoffrugality,hardwork,andrespectforeldersZenphilosophy,withsimplicityandausterity,6,ProfShumingZhao,Japan,CulturalFactorsImpactingManagementFamily:
Byextensionthecompany,community,andnation,isthefoundationofJapanesesociety.TheJapaneseareboundtogetherbyastrongsenseofobligationtoandresponsibilityfor,thegroup.Historically,Japaneseidentity,theirhonor,andinsomewaystheirsurvivalhasdependeduponmembershipin,andprotectionby,thegroupthatdefinethem.,7,ProfShumingZhao,Japan,CulturalFactorsImpactingManagementThewesternnotionsofindependence,self-determination,andindividualismarealienandlargelymisunderstoodbytheJapanese,whohavehistoricallyseenfamily,class,village,andethnicidentityasbothdeterminingtheirfateinlifeandassuringtheirlivelihood.Inreturnforlifelongloyaltyandobediencetothegroup,theindividualexpectsandreceivesprotection.,8,ProfShumingZhao,CulturalFactorsImpactingManagement,PhilosophyofEgalitarianism.Groupism.Relationships.Leadership.Long-termOrientationGeneralistOrientationinEducationGovernmentPolicyHierarchywithinaDualEconomyLifetimeEmploymentSystem.InternalLaborMarketKarenLinderberg.TheIntricaciesofTrainingandDevelopmentinJapan,HumanResourceDevelopmentQuarterly(Summer1991),pp104-114.,9,ProfShumingZhao,CulturalFactorsImpactingManagement,e.g.Training:
BroadscopeoftrainingCompany-specifictrainingOn-the-jobtrainingEmployeeastrainerLong-termdevelopmentSelf-developmentandvolunteerismPerformance-basedtrainingHumanrelations-basedtraining,10,ProfShumingZhao,P.R.China,ThreeparticularManagementpractices(1949to1980s):
TheThreeIronsIronricebowl(permanentjob,employeescouldnotbefiredforanyreason,sotherewasnopressuretoperform)Ironchair(secureposition,onlypromotion,nodemotion)Ironcompensation(firmsalwaysprovidepayandbenefitsfrombirthtograve),11,ProfShumingZhao,P.R.China,EconomicReforminChina(1978-present)ResponsibilitysystemintheruralareasContractsysteminthecitiesSocialistMarketeconomicsystemsince1992(Reformonthestate-ownenterprises,breakthethreeirons,hirepeopledirectlyfromthelabormarket,tiecompensationtoindividualandorganizationalperformance,layoffunproductiveemployees,paymuchattentiontotraininganddevelopment,etc.),12,ProfShumingZhao,P.R.China,CulturalFactorsImpactingManagementGeographyandDemographics:
9.60millionsquarekilometers,1.3billionpeople(94%HanChinese,6%nearly60otherethnicgroups.Language:
Mandarin,singlewritingsystem,butlotsofdialectReligionPhilosophicalThoughts:
Confucianism,Buddhism,Daoism,13,ProfShumingZhao,CulturalFactorsImpactingManagement,TheimportanceofCorrectBehavior:
Loyaltytofamily,community,ethnicgroupandnationRespecttheelderlyandcarefortheyoung(differencebetweenEastandWestold老,王老、老王、小王)Guangxi(relations:
personalnotorganizational)Concernaboutface(losingface)Peopletendtobereservedinpublic,discreetintheirsocialrelations,andreluctanttomakepronouncementsaboutothers,14,ProfShumingZhao,CulturalFactorsImpactingManagement:
ChineseculturedominatestheFarEast.ItisbasedonConfucianphilosophy,whichdictatesrulesofbehavior.Thewelfareofthecollectivegroupisparamount.Peopleworktobenefitthegrouptoupholditshonor.Chinesepeoplepaymuchattentiontoeducation.,15,ProfShumingZhao,TheFourDragons,SouthKoreaHongKongSingaporeTaiwan,16,ProfShumingZhao,TheFourTigers,MalaysiaThailandPhilippinesIndonesia,17,ProfShumingZhao,2.Africa,53independentcountries,representingabout2,000differentethno-culturalcommunities,nearly800millionpeopleThecountriesreflectgreatdiversityintermsofpopulationsize,levelandsophisticationofeconomicdevelopment,resourceendowment,andpoliticalstructureandideologicalorientations.Thebroadhistoric-culturalandpolitical-economicsimilaritiesinsub-SaharanAfrica.,18,ProfShumingZhao,Africa,Language:
ThepeopleofAfricaspeakmorethan800languages.MostAfricanlanguagedidnothistoricallyhaveawrittenform.Fivemajordivisionaregenerallyrecognized:
Afroasiatic,Khoisan,Niger-Congo,Sudanic,andMalayo-Polynesian.Religion:
Withanestimated155millionbelievers,IslamisthedominantfaithinnorthernAfrica.Some140millionAfricansareChristian.40%ofthepopulationpracticestraditionalreligionsandanimism.,19,ProfShumingZhao,Africa,Africanstendtoidentifythemselvesasmembersofagroup,usuallydefinedintermsofvillage,region,ethnicity,race,orlanguage.Managementpracticestendtobehighlypoliticizedandsubjecttopressureotherthanefficiency,meritperformance,andcost-effectiveness.Hiring,placement,andpromotiondecisionsaretypicallymorelikelytobemadewithreferencetoapersonsfamily,tribe,orcontacts.Africangovernmentshaveplacedahighpriorityonmanagementfordevelopingskillsfortheworkplace.,20,ProfShumingZhao,3.America,UnitedStatesCulturalFactorsImpactingManagementPopulation:
280million(75%descendedfromEuropeans,12%,AfricanAmerican,HispanicAmericansaccountsfor9%,AsianandPacificIslandersmakeup3%,andnativeAmerican,lessthan1%.)Religion:
56%Protestant,28%Catholic,2%Jewish,andasmallpercentageasEasternOrthodox.AlsoasmallpercentagerepresentingBuddhism,Hinduism,Islam,andothers.,21,ProfShumingZhao,UnitedStates,CulturalFactorsImpactingManagementFreedom,Democracy,andEquality:
Americansseethemselvesfirstasindividualsandonlysecondarilyasmembersoffamilies,communities,religions,ororganizations.Americansvalueindividualfreedom,haveastrongbeliefindemocracyandequalopportunity.Americandream(WhatisAmericandream?
),22,ProfShumingZhao,UnitedStates,CulturalFactorsImpactingmanagementSeveralmajorshiftshavebeenoccurringinmanagementtrainingoverthepastseveralyears.ShiftofEmphasis:
fromNice-to-knowcoursestoneeds-driventrainingandfromprovidinginformationtobuildingpracticalskillsShiftofStatus:
Theresponsibilityformanagementwiththeorganizationisgraduallymovingupwardastopexecutivesincreasetheirsupportandrecognitionofitscontributiontocorporatesuccess.HRmanagersarenowmovelikelytobeinvolvedinstrategicplanningandtobepartofthemanagementteam.,23,ProfShumingZhao,UnitedStates,CulturalFactorsImpactingManagementShiftofProvider:
OutsideConsultants,trainers,andcorporatetraininginstitutesorcollegesanduniversitiesShiftofContent:
tomeettheneedsofexternalbusinessenvironmentchanges,contentoftraininganddevelopmentprogramsareprovidedfortechnology,information-basedeconomy,globalcompetition,tradeandfinance,andcorporatestrategiesandpriorities.,24,ProfShumingZhao,UnitedStates,CulturalFactorsImpactingManagementShiftofRecipient:
Astechnologicalcompetenceandskillsupdatingbecomemorecriticalintheglobalmarketplace,non-managerialstaff,customerservice,andtopexecutivestrainingareincreasing.ShiftofMethods:
Moreandmoretrainingistechnologybasedandtailoredforindividualsorsmallgroups.Computer-assistedlearningandcompany-wideTVnetworkingareprovided.,25,ProfShumingZhao,Canada,Geography:
3.85millionsquaremilesPopulation:
27millionLanguage:
EnglishandFrenchReligion:
Christianityisthepredominantreligionwith47%ofthepopulationpracticingRomanCatholicismand41%Protestantismofonetypeoranother.ThevastmajorityinQuebecareCatholic.CommonValues:
manysimilaritieswiththeStates.(ArethereanydifferencesbetweentheStatesandCanada?
),26,ProfShumingZhao,4.LatinAmericanandtheCaribbean,LatinAmerican:
40countries,suchasMexico,Brazil,Argentina,etc.Population460millionReligion:
RomanCatholicismisthepredominantinthisregion.Culture:
FamilyplaysanimportantroleinboththeSpanish/PortugueseandnativeLatinAmericancultures.Differentconceptoftime,relationship,etc.,27,ProfShumingZhao,5.Europe,AsEuropefacesthechallengesofbecomingasingleentity,powerfulpolitical,socialandculturalfactorscontinuetopushthecontinentcountriesapart.ManagementisseenasthekeytoeconomicunityandgrowthinEurope.TheEuropeanCommunity1992,12countries(Belgium,Denmark,France,Germany,Greece,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,TheNetherlands,Portugal,Spain,andUnitedKingdom),28,ProfShumingZhao,Europe,T
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