Anders Brandt - Noise and Vibration Analysis_ Signal Analysis and Experimental Procedures-Wiley (2023).pdf
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Anders Brandt - Noise and Vibration Analysis_ Signal Analysis and Experimental Procedures-Wiley (2023).pdf
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kkkkNoiseandVibrationAnalysiskkkkkkkkNoiseandVibrationAnalysisSignalAnalysisandExperimentalProceduresSecondEditionAndersBrandtAarhusUniversityDepartmentofMechanicalandProductionEngineeringIngeLehmannsGade10,Navitas8000AarhusCDenmarkkkkkThissecondeditionfirstpublished20232023JohnWiley&SonsLtd.EditionHistoryJohnWiley&SonsLtd.(1e,2011)Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbylaw.Adviceonhowtoobtainpermissiontoreusematerialfromthistitleisavailableathttp:
/rightofAndersBrandttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewithlaw.RegisteredOfficeJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USAJohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UKFordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,customerservices,andmoreinformationaboutWileyproductsvisitus.Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformatsandbyprint-on-demand.Somecontentthatappearsinstandardprintversionsofthisbookmaynotbeavailableinotherformats.Trademarks:
WileyandtheWileylogoaretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.and/oritsaffiliatesintheUnitedStatesandothercountriesandmaynotbeusedwithoutwrittenpermission.Allothertrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.isnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook.LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarrantyWhilethepublisherandauthorshaveusedtheirbesteffortsinpreparingthiswork,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisworkandspecificallydisclaimallwarranties,includingwithoutlimitationanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysalesrepresentatives,writtensalesmaterialsorpromotionalstatementsforthiswork.Thefactthatanorganization,website,orproductisreferredtointhisworkasacitationand/orpotentialsourceoffurtherinformationdoesnotmeanthatthepublisherandauthorsendorsetheinformationorservicestheorganization,website,orproductmayprovideorrecommendationsitmaymake.Thisworkissoldwiththeunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshouldconsultwithaspecialistwhereappropriate.Further,readersshouldbeawarethatwebsiteslistedinthisworkmayhavechangedordisappearedbetweenwhenthisworkwaswrittenandwhenitisread.Neitherthepublishernorauthorsshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyothercommercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataNames:
Brandt,Anders,author.Title:
Noiseandvibrationanalysis:
signalanalysisandexperimentalprocedures/AndersBrandt.Description:
Secondedition.|Hoboken:
JohnWiley,2023|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.Identifiers:
LCCN2023001526(print)|LCCN2023001527(ebook)|ISBN9781118962183(hardback)|ISBN9781118962121(adobepdf)|ISBN9781118962152(epub)Subjects:
LCSH:
VibrationMathematicalmodels.|NoiseMathematicalmodels.|Acousticalengineering.|Stochasticanalysis.|Signalprocessing.Classification:
LCCTA355.B6742023(print)|LCCTA355(ebook)|DDC620.2/3015118dc23/eng/20230113LCrecordavailableathttps:
/lccn.loc.gov/2023001526LCebookrecordavailableathttps:
/lccn.loc.gov/2023001527CoverDesign:
WileyCoverImages:
loops7/GettyImages,JorgGreuel/Stone/GettyImages,SvenHansche/EyeEm/GettyImages,JustinPaget/DigitalVision/GettyImages,HerrLoeffler/ShutterstockSetin9.5/12.5ptSTIXTwoTextbyStraive,Chennai,IndiakkkkvContentsAbouttheAuthorxixPrefacexxiAcknowledgmentsxxvListofAbbreviationsxxviiAnnotationxxix1Introduction11.1NoiseandVibration11.2NoiseandVibrationAnalysis21.3ApplicationAreas31.4AnalysisofNoiseandVibrations41.4.1ExperimentalAnalysis41.5Standards51.6BecomingaNoiseandVibrationAnalysisExpert51.6.1TheVirtueofSimulation61.6.2LearningToolsandtheFormatofthisBook62DynamicSignalsandSystems92.1Introduction92.2PeriodicSignals112.2.1SineWaves112.2.2ComplexSines122.2.3InteractingSines132.2.4OrthogonalityofSines152.3RandomSignals162.4TransientSignals172.5RMSValueandPower182.6LinearSystems192.6.1TheLaplaceTransform202.6.2TheTransferFunction232.6.3TheImpulseResponse242.6.4Convolution252.7TheContinuousFourierTransform29kkkkviContents2.7.1CharacteristicsoftheFourierTransform312.7.2TheFrequencyResponse332.7.3RelationshipBetweentheLaplaceandFrequencyDomains332.7.4TransientVersusSteady-StateResponse342.8ChapterSummary352.9Problems36References383TimeDataAnalysis393.1IntroductiontoDiscreteSignals393.1.1DiscreteConvolution403.2TheSamplingTheorem403.2.1Aliasing423.2.2DiscreteRepresentationofAnalogSignals433.2.3InterpolationandResampling453.3Filters483.3.1AnalogFilters483.3.2DigitalFilters503.3.3SmoothingFilters523.3.4AcousticOctaveFilters533.3.5AnalogRMSIntegration553.3.6FrequencyWeightingFilters563.4TimeSeriesAnalysis573.4.1Min-andMax-Analysis573.4.2TimeDataIntegration583.4.3TimeDataDifferentiation623.4.4FFT-BasedProcessing653.5ChapterSummary663.6Problems67References684StatisticsandRandomProcesses714.1IntroductiontotheUseofStatistics714.1.1EnsembleandTimeAverages724.1.2StationarityandErgodicity724.2RandomTheory734.2.1ExpectedValue734.2.2ErrorsinEstimates734.2.3ProbabilityDistribution744.2.4ProbabilityDensity754.2.5Histogram754.2.6SampleProbabilityDensityEstimate764.2.7AverageValueandVariance764.2.8CentralMoments784.2.9Skewness78kkkkContentsvii4.2.10Kurtosis794.2.11CrestFactor794.2.12CorrelationFunctions804.2.13TheGaussianProbabilityDistribution814.3StatisticalMethods834.3.1HypothesisTests834.3.2TestofNormality854.3.3TestofStationarity874.3.3.1FrameStatistics874.3.3.2TheReverseArrangementsTest874.3.3.3TheRunsTest904.4QualityAssessmentofMeasuredSignals914.5ChapterSummary944.6Problems95References965FundamentalMechanics975.1NewtonsLaws975.2TheSingleDegree-of-FreedomSystem(SDOF)985.2.1TheTransferFunction985.2.2TheImpulseResponse995.2.3TheFrequencyResponse1025.2.4TheQ-Factor1055.2.5SDOFForcedResponse1055.3AlternativeQuantitiesforDescribingMotion1065.4FrequencyResponsePlotFormats1085.4.1MagnitudeandPhase1085.4.2RealandImaginaryParts1095.4.3TheNyquistPlotImaginaryVersusRealPart1115.5DeterminingNaturalFrequencyandDampingRatio1135.5.1PeakintheMagnitudeofFRF1145.5.2PeakintheImaginaryPartofFRF1145.5.3ResonanceBandwidth(3dBBandwidth)1145.5.4CircleintheNyquistPlot1155.6RotatingMass1155.7SomeCommentsonDamping1165.7.1HystereticDamping1175.8ModelsBasedonSDOFApproximations1185.8.1VibrationIsolation1185.8.2ResonanceFrequencyandStiffnessApproximations1205.9TheTwoDegreeofFreedomSystem(2DOF)1215.10TheTunedDamper1235.11ChapterSummary1255.12Problems126References127kkkkviiiContents6ModalAnalysisTheory1296.1WavesonaString1296.2MatrixFormulations1316.2.1DegreeofFreedom1326.3EigenvaluesandEigenvectors1326.3.1UndampedSystem1326.3.2ModeShapeOrthogonality1366.3.3ModalCoordinates1386.3.4ProportionalDamping1406.3.5GeneralDamping1426.4FrequencyResponseofMDOFSystems1466.4.1FrequencyResponsefromM,C,K1466.4.2FrequencyResponsefromModalParameters1476.4.3FrequencyResponsefromM,K,andModalDamping1516.4.4ModeShapeScaling1526.4.5TheEffectofNodeLinesonFRFs1536.4.6Antiresonance1546.4.7ImpulseResponseofMDOFSystems1556.5FreeDecays1556.6ChapterSummary1566.7Problems157References1587TransducersforNoiseandVibrationAnalysis1597.1ThePiezoelectricEffect1597.2TheChargeAmplifier1607.3TransducerswithBuilt-InImpedanceConverters,“IEPE”1627.3.1Low-FrequencyCharacteristics1637.3.2High-FrequencyCharacteristics1647.3.3TransducerElectronicDataSheet,TEDS1657.4ThePiezoelectricAccelerometer1657.4.1FrequencyCharacteristics1667.4.2MountingAccelerometers1677.4.3ElectricalNoise1687.4.4ChoosinganAccelerometer1687.5ThePiezoelectricForceTransducer1707.6TheImpedanceHead1717.7TheImpulseHammer1727.8AccelerometerCalibration1737.9MeasurementMicrophones1747.10MicrophoneCalibration1757.11TheGeophone1757.12MEMS-basedSensors1767.13ShakersforStructureExcitation1777.14SomeCommentsonMeasurementProcedures178kkkkContentsix7.15Problems180References1818FrequencyAnalysisTheory1838.1PeriodicSignalsTheFourierSeries1838.2SpectraofPeriodicSignals1858.2.1FrequencyandTime1868.3RandomProcesses1878.3.1SpectraofRandomProcesses1878.4TransientSignals1898.5InterpretationofSpectra1898.6ChapterSummary1918.7Problems192References1939ExperimentalFrequencyAnalysis1959.1FrequencyAnalysisPrinciples1959.1.1NonparametricFrequencyAnalysis1969.2OctaveandThird-OctaveBandSpectra1979.2.1TimeConstants1979.2.2Real-timeVersusSerialMeasurements1989.3TheDiscreteFourierTransform(DFT)1989.3.1TheFastFourierTransform,FFT2009.3.2TheDFTinShort2009.3.3TheBasisoftheDFT2029.3.4PeriodicityoftheDFT2029.3.5PropertiesoftheDFT2059.3.6RelationBetweenDFTandContinuousSpectrum2069.3.7Leakage2069.3.8ThePicket-FenceEffect2099.3.9TimeWindowsforPeriodicSignals2119.3.9.1AmplitudeCorrectionofWindowEffects2129.3.9.2PowerCorrectionofWindowEffects2129.3.9.3ComparisonofCommonWindows2149.3.9.4FrequencyResolution2189.3.10TimeWindowsforRandomSignals2199.3.11OversamplinginFFTAnalysis2199.3.12CircularConvolutionandAliasing2199.3.13ZeroPadding2219.3.14FrequencyDomainProcessing2229.3.15ZoomFFT2239.4ChapterSummary2249.5Problems225References226kkkkxContents10SpectrumandCorrelationEstimatesU
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