教学课件-任务型学术写作(第二版).ppt
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教学课件-任务型学术写作(第二版).ppt
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UnitOne,WritingUpaResearchProposal,Taskobjective,Inthisunityouwilllearnhowtoproducearesearchproposal.开题报告大致包括以下几方面的内容:
TaskObjective,1.论文题目(researchtitle)2.研究本论题的动机(researchmotivation)3.论文拟解决的问题以及作者的假设(statementofproblemandhypotheses)4.研究本论题意义及价值(significanceoftheresearch)5.国内外同行业对该论题的研究现状(literaturereview)6.论题研究步骤和手段(researchapproachormethodology)7.研究中存在的局限性(researchlimitations)8.撰写论文工作的计划与安排(researchplanning)9.参考文献(references)10.图表及附录(tablesandappendix),TaskPreparation1,FilloutthetablebrieflyafterreadingSample1HigherEducationFaculty:
SatisfactionwithOnlineTeaching.,TaskPreparation1,Keys:
Themainpurposeofthisstudyistoconductexploratoryqualitativeresearchtoinvestigateonlinefacultymembersteachingphilosophiesandwhatcontributestoorinhibitstheirsatisfactionwithonlineteaching.,1.Whatelementscontributetoorinhibitsatisfactionwithonlineteachingforfacultymembers?
2.Whataretherelationshipsamongtheelementsthatcontributetoorinhibitonlinefacultymemberssatisfactionwithonlineteaching?
ThisstudywillcontributetoanunderstandingofthefactorsthatcontributetothejobsatisfactionofhighereducationfacultymemberspioneeringasteachersintherapidlyexpandingandchangingWeb-basededucationalenvironments.,Thephenomenonoffacultyjobsatisfactionneedstobestudiedasitnaturallyoccurswithoutmanipulationorcontrolofvariables.Thedatagatheredineachsettingareverydependentonthesecontexts.Therefore,thegeneralizabilityofthefindingswillbelimited.,2.AnswerthequestionsasbrieflyaspossibleafterreadingSample2PovertyAlleviationinNigeria:
THEMicrofinanceApproach,TaskPreparation2,1.Whatsthesignificanceoftheresearch?
2.Whataretheresearchquestionsmentionedinthisproposal?
3.Whataretheobjectivesofthisresearch?
4.Whowillbenefitfromtheresearch?
5.Whowillbesampledbyresearcherstocollectdataforthisresearch?
1.Whatsthesignificanceoftheresearch?
2.Whataretheresearchquestionsmentionedinthisproposal?
3.Whataretheobjectivesofthisresearch?
Keys:
ThisstudyissignificanttodecipheringmicrofinanceinstitutionsrolesinalleviatingpovertywithinSagamuLocalGovernmentAreainNigeria.,Tworesearchquestionswillbetreatedinthisstudy.ThefirstoneisabouthowmicrofinanceschemesalleviatepovertyinNigeria.AndthesecondoneisabouthowmicrofinanceinstitutionsunderstandtheconceptofmicrofinanceinNigeria.,Twoobjectivesareproposedinthisresearch.ThefirstoneistoexaminetheroleofmicrofinanceschemesinpovertyalleviationinNigeria.Thesecondoneistoclarifytheconceptofmicrofinanceforabetterunderstandingbyinstitutionsandbeneficiaries.,4.Whowillbenefitfromtheresearch?
5.Whowillbesampledbyresearcherstocollectdataforthisresearch?
Thestudywillbeusefultothemicroandmediumscaleenterprisesthatrequireorusemicrofinancebanks,thepoorinNigeria(especiallySagamusettlers)whomaynotbeawareofthemicrofinanceoptionsavailabletothemandhavemissedoutonseveralopportunitiestoliftthemselvesoutofthepovertyrot,andbyextensionthemicrofinanceinstitutionswhichservesthisfundamentalpurpose.,Theresearcherwillsampleofficialsofmicrofinanceinstitutions,localgovernmentofficialsandbeneficiaries(expectedandcurrent)ofpovertyalleviationprogrammes.,DecidethefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseafterreadingSample3EffectsofInternalControlSystemsonFinancialPerformanceinanInstitutionofHigherLearninginUganda,TaskPreparation3,1.ThepurposeofthisresearchistoestablishtherelationshipbetweeninternalcontrolsystemsandfinancialperformanceinanInstitutionofHigherLearninginUganda.2.TheresearchwillfocusonboththecenterandaffiliatedinstitutionsinUgandaMartyrsUniversity.3.ThesignificanceofthestudyisthatitwillhelpfindoutproblemswithinthesystemsofinternalcontrolinInstitutionsofHigherLearninginUganda.4.OneoftheresearchershypothesesisthataninternalauditfunctionispositivelyrelatedwiththefinancialperformanceofInstitutionsofHigherLearninginUganda.5.ThefinancialperformanceofUgandaMartyrsUniversityhasalwaysbeeningreatshapesinceitsinception.,T,T,F,F,F,Databank,Practicethesepatternsandexpressionsoftenusedinwritingaproposal.,1.1研究目的、问题及假设:
一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时,如:
1)Thefollowingresearchquestionsandobjectiveswillbetreatedinthisstudy.2)Themainpurposeofthisstudyistoconductexploratoryqualitativeresearchtoinvestigateonlinefacultymembersteachingphilosophiesandwhatcontributestoorinhibitstheirsatisfactionwithonlineteaching.3)Theintentofthisstudyistodesignanddevelopacomputer-basedlearningenvironmentintheformofadigitalgame.4)Oneofthekeyquestionsguidingthisinquiryiswhatelementscontributetoorinhibitsatisfactionwithonlineteachingforfacultymembers?
5)Thefocusoftheresearchisonhowaproblem-basedlearning(PBL)digitalgamemaybeabletopromotecontinuingmotivationtolearnscience.Thus,therearethreeaspectstothisresearchthatcometogetherinameaningfulway.6)Thehypothesesareasfollows.7)Thefollowingresearchhypothesesisbasicallyderivedfromtheavailableliteraturebutrefinedtosuitthescenarioathand.8)Inparticulartheresearcherwillfocusonthefollowingspecificobjectives.,1.2研究本论题意义及价值:
一般现在时、现在完成时、将来时,如:
1)Thisstudyissignificanttodecipheringtheirrolesinalleviatingpovertywithinthelocalgovernment.2)Thestudywill,therefore,beusefultothemicroandmediumscaleenterprises.3)Theinformationtobegainedthroughthisstudyhasprofoundmeritforacademiciansaswellasbasicandappliedscienceresearchers.4)ItisalsotheresearchersbeliefthatinvaluablebenefitstomanagementandthosechargedwithgovernanceinInstitutionsofHigherLearningwillemerge.5)Thestudywillalsoaddtotheexistingknowledgebankregardinginternalcontrols.6)Possiblebenefitsofthisresearchincludecontributingtoabetterunderstandingofonlinefacultymembers.7)Thepotentialbenefitstobegainedbypersonsparticipatinginthisstudyare8)Thestudiesconductedtoexploretheneeds,desires,dreams,andfrustrationsofonlinefacultywillhelpustobetterunderstandwhatmakethemsatisfiedwiththeirworkinWeb-basedlearningenvironments.,1.3该论题的研究现状(文献综述):
一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时,如:
1)Proponentsofmicrofinanceagreethatithasthetendencytobreakpovertysviciouscycle.2)OntheotherhandarecriticssuchasDaleAdamsofOhioStateUniversitywhoquestionedtherationalebehindthegoalsandexpectations.3)Moststudiesonpovertyalleviationandmicrofinanceconcentratedonwomen.4)BackgroundliteraturerelatedtojobsatisfactionanddynamicsoffacultyparticipationinWeb-baseddistanceeducationisexamined,toprovidegroundingrelatedtotheresearchquestionsofthisstudy.5)Thereviewofliteratureisdividedintothreesections.6)AccordingtoShola(2008:
496),“thepervasivenessandpersistenceofpovertyinNigeriaisamassivebetrayalofherrichresourcebase.”7)Bangladesh,beingthetraditionalhomeofmicrofinancedevelopment,haswitnessedincreasedstudies.8)Thestudypositsthat40%ofBangladeshicitizenslivebelowthepovertyline.,1.4研究方法及步骤:
一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时,如:
1)Qualitativemethodswillbeusedinthisexploratorystudytoexploreinteractionsrelatedtothecommonexperiencesofhighereducationfacultymembers2)Qualitativemethodsarethebestchoiceforthisresearchbecausequalitativemethodsallowtheresearchertolistentotheviewsoftheresearchparticipants,whilefocusingonthenaturalsettingorcontext.3)Qualitativeresearchmethodsareunsurpassedforresearchproblemswherethevariablesareunknownandneedtobeexplored.4)Thisstudyissituatedwithinaconstructivistparadigm.5)Design-basedresearch(DBR)istheresearchparadigmusedinthisstudy.6)Manyresearchersinmotivationrecognizethebenefitofusingmixedmethodstoprovideafullandindepthexplanationofstudentmotivation.7)Theresearchdesignconsistsofbothexploratoryandexplanatorycomponents.8)Theprojectwillinvolve12monthsoffieldwork.,1.5研究中存在的局限性:
一般现在时、将来时,如:
1)Hence,thedatagatheredineachsettingareverydependentonthesecontexts.2)Therefore,thecontextofeachcasestudywilllimitthegeneralizabilityofthefindings.3)Giventhesmallsamplesizeofthisstudy,thismustbetakeninconsideration,andmayimpactthevalidityofthefindings.4)Limitationsduetomeasuringandinterpretationextendtoquantitativefindingsandvalidity,aswell.5)Theresultsofthisstudywillapplyonlytothoseindividualswithgreatlearningmotivation.6)Theselimitationsareclearlytrueoftheresultsofthisstudy.7)ThemajorlimitationofthestudyisthatalotofresearchhasbeendoneonFinancialPerformance,buttheResearcherwantedtodeviatefromtheobvious.8)Thisareaofstudycanprovideascientificbasisforpromisinginterventionsthatmayyieldpositiveoutcomesandfillthecurrentlyexistinggapsinknowledge.,2.Readthefollowingtipsforwritingaresearchproposal.Atypicalresearchproposalwillbesomewherebetweenoneandtwothousandwords.Whilewedonotinsistonadefiniteformat,weshouldkeepthefollowinginmind:
1)Beginbyexplainingthesubjectareaandprovidinganindicationofthekeytheoretical,policyorempiricaldebates.2)Presentabriefliteraturereviewrelatingtoyourresearchproposal,anddiscusstheresearchquestionsyouplantoaddress.3)Makeyourresearchproposalasspecificandfocusedaspossible.4)Indicatetheresearchmethodsmostsuitedtoyourareaofresearch.5)Provideanindicationofhowyoumightcollectanyrelevantdataifyourproposedresearchinvolvesempiricalwork.6)Includeabibliographywithyou
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