新探索研究生英语(基础级)视听说教程U2教师用书.pdf
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新探索研究生英语(基础级)视听说教程U2教师用书.pdf
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1Uponcompletionofthisunit,theTisexpectedtoenableSsto:
understandtheprinciplesofgooddesignunderstandtheapplicationofARandVRrecognizethedifferencesbetweentheMing-stylefurnitureandbaroquefurnitureKnowledgeListeningskillinferfromcontextlistenforkeytermsCriticalthinkingskilldevelopandapplyevaluationstandardsSpeakingskillidentifyproblemsprovidesolutionsSkillspresentanewproductthatsolvesaproblemUnittask2Periods1&2BeforeclassCheckSsonlinestudy(Warmingup,Academiclistening)InclassIntroducethetopic;dealwiththevideoinWarmingupbasedonSsonlineperformance20minsGothroughAcademiclistening1basedonSsonlineperformance30minsGothroughAcademiclistening2basedonSsonlineperformance30minsDealwithGettingtheskillinCriticalthinking20minsAfterclassAskSstodotheoralpracticeofAcademiclisteningAskSstopreviewAcross-culturalviewandAcademiccommunicationPeriods3&4BeforeclassCheckSsonlinestudy(Across-culturalview,Academiccommunication)InclassDealwithAcross-culturalview30minsIntroducetheobjectivesofAcademiccommunication;analysethespeakingmodel15minsGothroughthespeakingskillbasedonSsonlineperformance5minsRaiseathoroughdiscussionandhelpSsfinishthemini-projectinSkillenhancement20minsGuideSstofinishthespeakingtaskstepbystep30minsAfterclassAskSstouploadtherecordingsoftheirpresentationsandcompleteUnitreviewDieterRams10PrinciplesofgooddesignDesigniseverywhere.Thealarmclockthatwakesyouupeverymorning,thetoothbrushyoubrushyourteethwith,thebikeyouridetoschool,orthehigh-speedtrainyoutakewhentravellingHaveyoueverobserveddesignsinyourlifeandwondered,whatdesignsaregooddesigns?
Andwhatdesignsareineffective?
Youmaycomeupwithdifferentideas.Thereisafamousguidelinecalled10principlesforgooddesign.TheseprinciplesweredevelopedbyDieterRams,aGermanindustrialdesigner.HewastheguidingforceofBraun,a3famousconsumerproductscompany.Nowletslookattheseprinciples.1.Gooddesignisinnovative.Innovativedesignalwaysdevelopsinlinewithinnovativetechnology.2.Gooddesignmakesaproductuseful.Awell-designedproductshouldfulfillitsfunctions.3.Gooddesignisaesthetic.Mostproductsareusedfrequentlyandtheiraestheticqualityinfluencestheemotionalwell-beingoftheuser.4.Gooddesignmakesaproductunderstandable.Ideally,itshouldbeself-explanatory.5.Gooddesignisunobtrusive.Productsareusuallyusedastools,notworksofart.Theirdesignsshouldthereforebebothneutralandrestrained,toleaveroomfortheusersself-expression.6.Gooddesignishonest.Itdoesnotattempttomanipulatetheconsumerwithpromisesthatcannotbekept.7.Gooddesignislong-lasting.Itissupposedtolastformanyyearsandmakeaproductdurable.8.Gooddesignisthoroughdowntothelastdetail.Nothingcanbearbitraryorlefttochance.Careandaccuracyinthedesignprocessshowrespecttowardtheconsumer.9.Gooddesignisenvironmentallyfriendly.Itconservesresourcesandminimizespollutionthroughoutthelifecycleoftheproduct.10.Gooddesignisassimpleaspossible.Less,butbetter,becauseitconcentratesontheessentialaspects.Wordsandexpressionsaestheticadj.美学的unobtrusiveadj.不引人注目的,不显眼的restrainedadj.(行为)克制的,有节制的arbitraryadj.任意的conservev.节约(水,能源等)PropernamesDieterRams迪特尔拉姆斯(1932,德国著名工业设计师)Braun博朗(德国公司)1IntroducetheunittopicbypresentingwhichdesignsinTask1havereceivedthemostticksaccordingtoUcampusstatisticsandraisingadiscussiononwhatisgoodaboutthem.2GothroughtheinfographicwiththeclasstocheckSsunderstandingofthetenprinciplesandfigureoutthosethatneedfurtherexplanations.3DealwiththedifficultprinciplesbyelicitingfromSsexamplesofproductsthatmeetordontmeetthecriteria.4SsworkingroupstodiscussthequestionsinTask2.Ask1-2Sstosharetheiropinions.41AskSswhoDieterRamsisandhowimportantthetenprincipleswereinhiswork.2EncourageSstoconsiderthedifferencebetweenartanddesign.Ssanswersmaybe:
1)DieterRams(born1932)isaGermanindustrialdesignerandacademic.HewastheguidingforceofBraun,afamousconsumerproductscompany.Heformulatedhistenprinciplesinthe1970sasawayofdecidingwhetherhisowndesignsweregoodenough.Hedesignedmanyclassicproductsusingtheseprinciples.2)Artisaboutcreatingvisualimpact(e.g.,somethingbeautiful,shocking,orthought-provoking).Designinvolvesacombinationofvisualimpactandusefulness(e.g.,somethingthatlooksamazingandalsoworksbrilliantly).Task1Open-ended.Task21.Immostimpressedbythelastone,“Gooddesignisassimpleaspossible.”ThefirstthingthatstrikesmewhenIthinkoftheword“design”isdesignerclothesandotherproductsinboutiquestores.Theyareoftenintricate,dazzling,andabundantwithdecorations,andtheytendtohavestrongcolorsandunconventionaldesigns.Atthesametime,thingswithlittledesign,suchastheclotheshangersweuseeveryday,areoftentakenforgranted.Buttheseordinarythingsareactuallythemostextraordinary:
theyaresimpletouse,andunlikethefashionableclothes,theyareunobtrusive.Perhapsthisisthebestformofdesign.2.Myfavoriteclotheshangeristhesecondone.First,itisthinnerthanawoodenone,soitwouldsavethespaceofmycloset.Second,thenon-slipdesignonbothendswouldstopclothesfromslippingoff.Third,thesmallhooksmakeiteasytohangpantsandstrappydresses.Lastbutnotleast,unlikethethirdhanger,itdoesnotleavemarksonclothes.Thethirdoneprovideslittlesupportandasaresultleavesbumpsonclothesanddamagesthefabric,soitisonlyusefulforsmallclothes.Butthisonejustsuitsallsizes.Ichosethefabricsuitcase.First,itisunobtrusive.Itsalotmorelow-keycomparedtotheothertwosuitcases.Icantakeittoatripwithoutcatchingtoomuchattention.Second,itislong-lasting.Suitcaseswithashinysurfaceareeasytogetscratched.Butfabricisstronger,moredurableandlesslikelytobescratched.Third,itismorepractical.Fabricismoreflexiblethanplastic,sofabricsuitcasesallowyoutostuffmorethingsintothem.Fourth,itislighterthanleathersuitcases,soitisthebestchoiceforme.5PrinciplesofgooddesignMARTA:
Jack!
Overhere!
JACK:
Oh,heyMarta.Howsitgoing?
MARTA:
OKIjustwenttoProfessorMaliksofficetoaskabouttheassignmentfortheclassImissed.HesaysweresupposedtoevaluateaproductusingthedesignprinciplesofDieterRams.Whoishe?
Imkindofbehindonthereadingforthatclass.JACK:
Again?
OKwell,hesaGermanindustrialdesignerwhousedtoworkforBraun,youknow,theconsumerproductscompany?
Backinthe1970s,hecameupwith10principlesofgooddesignthatarestillbeingfollowedtoday.Like,forexample,agooddesignisinnovative,long-lasting,environmentallyfriendlyAndthemostimportantone,Ithink,isthatitshouldmaketheproductunderstandable.Hedoesntbelieveindesignsthathavealotofunnecessaryfeatures.YouknowtheclassicBrauncalculator?
RamsdesignedthatandyoucanseetheinfluenceintheiPhonecalculatortoday.MARTA:
Really?
Ithinkmydadhasoneofthosecalculatorstheyreancient.Hesnotverygoodwithtechnology,soIguessitmustbefairly“understandable!
”Ha-ha!
Anyway,haveyouchosenaproducttoevaluatefortheassignmentyet?
JACK:
Yeah.Adoor.MARTA:
Adoor?
JACK:
Yeah.Thedoortothecollegelibrary,tobeexact.Look,heresaphotoCanyouseetheproblem?
MARTA:
Umno.Notreally.JACK:
Lookatthehandle.Areyousupposedtopullorpushit?
MARTA:
Wellhmm.Itsnotclear.JACK:
See,thatstheproblem.Itsnotclear.Thehandleisvertical,sonaturallyyouwanttopullonit.Butthatsnothowitworks.Youhavetopush.DieterRamswouldsayitsnotunderstandable.Thereforeitsabaddesign.MARTA:
Thatssointeresting.Idneverhavethoughtofthat.JACK:
Ifoundoutthattheresactuallyanameforbadlydesigneddoors.Theyrecalled“Normandoors,”afterDonNorman,whowroteabookcalledTheDesignofEverydayThings.Hebelievesinwhathecalls“designingforhumans,”whichissimilartoDieterRamsprinciplethatproductsshouldbeunderstandable.Normansaysdoorsarereallysimpledevices.Weshouldntneedwritteninstructionslike“pull”or“push”tofigureoutwhattodoitshouldbeobviousfromthedesign.MARTA:
Icompletelyagreewithhim.Iwishallproductsweredesignedlikethat.JACK:
Especiallyelectronicdevices,likephonesortabletsMARTA:
Nokidding!
MyparentsneedasetofwritteninstructionstousetheTVremote!
JACK:
Ha-ha!
Yeah,minecantoperatethemicrowaveMARTA:
Well,tobefair,Igotanewcoffeemachineafewmonthsago,andIstilldontreallyunderstandhowtouseit.Itsgotlotsofgreatfeatures,butIseemtospendmoretimereadingtheinstructionmanualthanIdodrinkingthecoffee.JACK:
Yeah,thatsjustbaddesign.Complexequipmentdoesntneedtobedifficulttouse.MARTA:
True.ArghwhatamIgoingtoevaluateforthisassignment?
6JACK:
Trytothinkofsomethingthatisattractive,butalsofunctional.MARTA:
Yeah,IneedsomethingsimpleOh,howabouttheglassmeasuringjugyouuseinthekitchen?
Youknowthethingthathasmillilitersprintedonthesidesoyoucanmeasureliquids?
JACK:
Well,itscertainlyusefulMARTA:
Right,andImsureRamswouldagreeits“understandable.”Itsnotlikeyouneedinstructionstouseit.JACK:
True.Also,itpioneeredtheuseofanewheat-proofglasssoyoucouldsayitwas“innovative”atthetimeandthedesignhasntchangedforatleast100years,soIguessyoucouldargueits“long-lasting”too.MARTA:
Definitely.JACK:
Well,itsoundslikeyouvefoundaproductfortheassignment.Letmeknowifyouneedanyhelpwithanything.MARTA:
Iwilldo.Thanks,Jack.Wordsandexpressionsverticaladj.垂直的;直立的tablet
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