实用阶梯英语—阅读教程 旅游篇I ppt课件Unit 1.ppt
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实用阶梯英语—阅读教程 旅游篇I ppt课件Unit 1.ppt
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实用阶梯英语,阅读教程(旅游篇I),Unit1Confucianism,SectionA,IntensiveReadingConfucianism-TheFoundationofTraditionalChineseEthicalConcepts,“Ifwanttosurvive,Humanbeingsmustgoback25centuriesago,tolearnfromthewisdomofConfucius!
”declared75NobelPrizeWinnersinParisin1988.ConfuciustheoriesareonepartofConfucianism,whichisthespiritualrootandresourceofwisdomforChinesepeople,andalsothecommontreasureallhumanbeingsshare.Inthelonghistoryofseveralthousandsyears,anumberofreligiousandphilosophicalsystemswerepracticedinChina.TraditionallyConfucianismaccompaniedwithTaoismandBuddhismprovidedethicalguidestotheproperbehaviorofindividualsandofficials.Confucianismhaddominatedafeudalsocietythatinessencehadlasted2000yearsandforthatreason,itsinfluenceoverthehistory,socialstructureandthepeopleofChinacouldnotbeoverlooked.Confucianism,basedontheteachingsandwritingsofthephilosopherConfucius,wasthecornerstoneoftraditionalChineseculture.,SectionA,ConfucianismisacompleteideologicalsystemcreatedbyConfucius,basedonthetraditionalcultureoftheXia,ShangandZhouDynasties.ConfuciushadprovedtobethegreatestinfluenceovertheChinesecharacter.Besidesbeingagreateducationist,thinkerandunsuccessfulpolitician,hewasfirstofallanintellectwithanoblemoralitywhopursuedtruth,kindnessandperfectionthroughouthislife.Confuciuspromotedtheideastoeducatealldespitetheirsocialstatusandtoteachaccordingtothestudentscharacteristics.Thefirstofthesebrokewithtraditionasonlythearistocracyhadtheprivilegeofeducation.Confuciusalsoproposedacompletesetofprinciplesconcerningstudy.Hesaid,Studyingwithoutthinkingleadstoconfusion;thinkingwithoutstudyingleadstolaziness.Todaysquality-educationwasnothingnewtoConfucius.,SectionA,Impartingknowledgewasonlypartofhisteaching;hewasalivingexampleoftheconceptshepromotedandthishadadeepandlastinginfluenceuponhisdisciples.Confuciusprivatelifewasamodelofhisdoctrines.Althoughhewrotenothingpersonally,hiswordswerecollectedandrecordedbyhisdisciples,whichhavecomedowntousasTheAnalects.Confuciustookgreatdelightinstudyingandwasmodestenoughtolearnfromanyone.Hewasnevertiredofteachinghisdiscipleswhilehispursuitoftruth,hisintegrityandmodestyinspiredhisdisciplesandtheintellectsofsubsequentgenerations.Uniquely,onlyheisqualifiedtobecalledtheteacheroftenthousandgenerations.Itissaidthatamong3000ofConfuciusdisciples,therewere72whowerebrilliantandwhosucceededinmorality,literature,language,andespeciallypolitics.Thesepoliticianscontributedmuchtothespreading,formationanddevelopmentofConfucianism.Confucianismviewsindividualasasocialcreatureobligatedtoeachotherthroughrelationships.Thesemayincludetherelationsbetweensovereignandsubject,parentandchild,elderandyounger,husbandandwife,orevenfriendandfriend.Confucianismdefinedtherulesintheengagement,action,andresponsibilitiesinallthesehumanrelationshipsandinteractions.Properconductproceedsnotthroughcompulsion,butthroughasenseofvirtueandself-consciousnessachievedbylearning,observingandpracticing.,SectionA,Confucianismisoftencharacterizedasasystemofsocialandethicalphilosophyratherthanareligion.Infact,Confucianismbuiltonanancientreligiousfoundationtoestablishthesocialvalues,institutions,andtranscendentidealsoftraditionalChinesesocietyandformedthebasisforthesocialorderinChinasince200BC.EventodaymajorityofChinesestillbehaveaccordingtotheserules.SincethefirstConfuciusInstitutewasfoundedinKoreain2004,sofartherehavebeenover280institutesin88countriesaroundtheglobe.TheinstitutehasbecomeanimportantplatformforforeignerstolearnChineseandlearnthingsaboutChina.ConfuciusisoneofthemostrepresentativesoftraditionalChineseculture.ThestudyofConfucianismcanberegardedasasignfortherenaissanceoftraditionalChineseculture.,SectionA,ethicaladj.民族的feudaladj.封建的cornerstonen.奠基石ideologicaladj.意识形态的intellectn.才智非凡的人,知识分子pursuevt.追求everlastingadj.永久的,永恒的aristocracyn.贵族,统治阶级disciplen.信徒,门徒impartvt.传授doctrinen.教义,学说integrityn.正直;诚实modestyn.谦虚,谦逊sovereignn.君主engagementn.约定compulsionn.欲望,冲动virtuen.美德renaissancen.复兴,NewWords,SectionA,ProperNames&ExpressionsConfucianism儒教Confucius孔子(551-479B.C.)Xia,ShangandZhouDynasties夏朝、商朝和周朝TheAnalects论语,SectionA,Notes1.TheConfucianCanonconsistsoftheFiveClassicsandtheFourBooks.儒家经传包括四书五经。
TheFourBooksare:
四书是指:
LunYu(Analects)ofConfucius论语,ChungYung(DoctrineoftheMean)中庸,TaHsueh(GreatLearning)大学,MengTzu(Mencius)孟子.TheFiveClassicsare:
五经是指:
ShuChing(ClassicofHistory)尚书,ShiChing(ClassicofOdes),诗经,IChing(ClassicofChanges)周易,ChunChing(ThespringandAutumnAnnals)春秋,LiChing(ClassicofRites)礼记。
2.toeducatealldespitetheirsocialstatusandtoteachaccordingtothestudentscharacteristics“有教无类”(教育是不分阶层的)和“因材施教”3.Studyingwithoutthinkingleadstoconfusion;thinkingwithoutstudyingleadstolaziness.“学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆”,SectionA,Exercises,Exe1.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectansweraccoridngtothetext.,1.ConfucianismisNOT_A.characterizedasasystemofsocialandethicalphilosophyratherthanareligion.B.completelythedoctrinesofConfucius.C.developedbyConfucius,hisdisciplesandthefollowers.D.mainlybasedontheteachingsandwritingsofthephilosopherConfucius.2.ThefollowingdescriptionsaboutConfuciusarerightexcept_A.Confuciuswasbornin551B.CintheStateofLu.B.Confuciuswascalledtheteacheroftenthousandgenerations.C.ConfuciuswasagreatteacherofmodestyandintegrityD.Confuciuswasasuccessfulteacherandpolitician.,B,(),D,(),SectionA,3.Confuciuswasa_A.educationistB.thinkerC.politicianD.businessman4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE_A.Confuciuspromotedanideaagainstthetraditionthatonlythearistocracyhadtheprivilegeofeducation.B.Confucianismhasnoreligiousfoundation.C.Properconductproceedsnotthroughasenseofvirtueandself-consciousnessachievedbylearning,observingandpracticing,butthroughcompulsion.D.ConfucianismformedthebasisforthesocialorderinChinasince2000BC.,D,(),A,(),SectionA,5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthedoctrineofConfucius?
_A.StudyingwithoutthinkingleadstoconfusionB.toeducatealldespitetheirsocialstatusC.Bestilllikeamountainandflowlikeagreatriver.D.thinkingwithoutstudyingleadstolaziness,C,(),SectionA,Exe2.Trueorfalse.,Confucianismviewsindividualasasocialcreatureobligatedtoeachotherthroughrelationships.Confuciuswasalivingexampleoftheconceptshepromoted.Confuciuswasverysuccessfulasapolitician.ConfuciuswrotemanyworksincludingTheAnalects.ThefirstConfuciusInstitutewasfoundedinKoreain2004.,T,(),T,(),F,(),F,(),T,(),SectionA,Exe3.Readthetextagainandfillinthechartwiththeinformationyouhavegot.,Confucius,thetraditionalcultureoftheXia,ShangandZhouDynasties,society,family,school,Confuciusdisciplesandtheintellectsofsubsequentgenerations,asystemofsocialandethicalphilosophyratherthanareligion,theFiveClassicsandtheFourBooks,Individualasasocialcreatureobligatedtoeachotherthroughrelationships.Thesemayincludetherelationsbetweensovereignandsubject,parentandchild,elderandyounger,husbandandwife,orevenfriendandfriend.Confucianismdefinedtherulesintheengagement,action,andresponsibilitiesinallthesehumanrelationshipsandinteractions.Properconductproceedsnotthroughcompulsion,butthroughasenseofvirtueandself-consciousnessachievedbylearning,observingandpracticing.,SectionA,Exe4.Putthefollowingideasmarkedfromonetofiveintothebelowcategories.Notethatallitemsmaybeusedonlyonce.,1.Goodmandoesnotquibble;Hewhoquibblesisnotgood.2.Ifamankeepscherishinghisoldknowledge,soascontinuallytobeacquiringnew,hemaybeateacherofothers.3.Studyingwithoutthinkingleadstoconfusion;thinkingwithoutstudyingleadstolaziness.4.Knowingonesignoranceofcertainknowledgeisthebestattitude;Notknowingcertainknowledgeyetpretendingtoknowisabadattitude.5.whatdontwantdonetoyourself,dontdotoothers.,TaoismConfucianism,1,4,_,2,3,5,_,SectionB,ExtensiveReadingQufu-HometownofConfucius1.Qufu,asChineseculturalandhistoricalcity,isthecradleofChineseancientemperorsinpoliticsandideology.ItistheoldcapitaloftheYinandShangDynasties,thecapitalofLuKingdomintheZhouDynasty.ItisalsofamousasthebirthplaceofConfuciuswhowasthemostcelebratedthinker,philosopherandeducatorofConfucianisminlaterSpringandAutumnPeriod.Itstime-honoredhistoryandcivilizationaswellasgorgeousorientalculturemakeitworld-widelypopular.QufuwasalwaysthoughtofastheholylandinChinaslongfeudalisticsociety.Nowadays,itisalsocalledOrientalJerusalembymanywesterners.2.Amongmorethanthreehundredhistoricalsiteshere,themostfamousareTempleofConfucius(Kongmiao),ConfuciusMansion(Kongfu),andForestofConfucius(Konglin).,SectionB,TempleofConfuciusOneyearafterConfuciusdeath(478B.C.),DukeAioftheStateofLuhadConfuciussformerresidencerebuiltintoatempletoworshipandoffersacrificetoConfucius.AsthetemplewasrepeatedlyrenovatedandenlargedbyemperorsfromtheWesternHanDynastyonwards,itgraduallybecameahugegroupofancientbuildings.4.Thewalledtemple,withtowersatitscorners,iscomposedofmanybuildingswithcarvedbeamsandpaintedeaves,extendingformorethanonekilometerfromsouthtonorth.Insidethewall,ancientcypressesandpinesprov
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