国际支付预结算11.docx
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国际支付预结算11.docx
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国际支付预结算11
第三章
1,汇票的定义:
Anunconditionalorderinwriting,addressedbyoneperson(theDrawer)toanother(theDrawee),signedbythepersongivingit,requiringthepersontowhomitisaddressed(theDraweewhowhenhesignsbecomestheAcceptor)topayondemand,oratafixedordeterminablefuturetime,asumcertaininmoneytoortotheorderofaspecifiedperson,ortobeaerer(thepayee).
2,ActsofbillofExchange:
a,Issuance.Toissueadraftcomprisetwoactstobeperformedbythedrawer.Oneistodrawandsignadraft;theotheristodeliverittothepayee.
b,Presentation.Adraftmustbedulypresentedforpaymentifitisasightbillordulypresentedforacceptancefirstandthenpresentedforpaymentatmaturityifitisatimebill.
c,Acceptance.Acceptanceofadraftisasignificationbythedraweeofhisassenttotheordergivenbythedrawer.
d,Payment.Actofpaymentisperformedwhenabillofexchangeispaid.Abillisdischargedbypaymentinduecourseonlywhensuchpaymentismadebyoronbehalfofthedraweeortheacceptor.
Endorsement,itisanactofnegotiation.
Discounting,istosellatimebillalreadyacceptedbythedraweebutnotyetfallenduetoafinancialinstitutionatapricelessthanitsfacevalue.
Classificationofbillofexchange
Accordingtothetenor
A,sightbill.Itisabillpayableondemandoratsightonpresentation.
B,timebillorusancebill.Itisapayableatafixedordeterminablefuturetime
本票定义:
Apromissorynoteisanunconditionalpromiseinwritingmadebyoneperson(themaker)toanother(thepayeeortheholder)signedbythemakerengagingtopayondemandoratafixedordeterminablefuturetime,asumcertaininmoney,toortotheorderofaspecifiedperson,ortobearer.
Differencesbetweenpromissorynoteandbillofexchange:
A,Apromissorynoteisapromisetopay,whereasabillofexchangeisanordertopay.
B,Thereareonlytwoessentialpartiestoapromissorynote,namelythemakerandthepayee(ortheholderinthecaseofabearernote),whereastherearethreepartiestoabillofexchange,namelythedrawer,thedraweeeandthepayee.
c.Themakerisprimarilyliableonapromissorynote,whereasthedrawerisprimarilyliable,ifitisasightbill,andtheacceptorbecomesprimarilyliable,ifitisatimebill.
D,Whenissued,apromissorynotehasanoriginalnoteonly,whereasabillofexchangemaybeeitherasolebillorabillinaset,i.e.abilldrawnwithsecondofexchangeandthirdofexchangeinadditiontotheoriginalone.
支票的定义:
Acheckisanunconditionalorderinwritingaddressedbythecustomer(thedrawer)toabank(thedrawee)signedbythatcustomerauthorizingthebanktopayondemandaspecifiedsumofmoneytoortotheorderofanamedpersonortobearer(thepayee)
支票与汇票的区别:
A,abillofexchangemaybedrawnuponanyperson,whereasacheckmustbedrawnuponabanker.
B,Uniessabillispayableondemand,itisusuallyaccepted,whereupontheacceptoristheprimarilyliableparty.Acheckneednotbeacceptedforitispayableonlyondemandandthedraweristhepartyprimarilyliable.
C,Abillmustbepresentedforpaymentwhendue,orelsethedrawerwillbedischarged.Acheckmustbepresentedforpaymentwithinareasonabletimeorwithinacertaintime,suchas30daysaccordingtotheregulationsofthecountryconcerned.Thedrawerofacheckisnotdischargedeventhoughithasnotbeenpresentedforpaymentwithinthestipulatedtimeuniessthedalaysinpresentationincurslossestothedrawer.
第五章
托收的定义:
Collectionisanarrangementwherebythegoodsareshippedandarelevantbill
ofexchangeisdrawnbytheselleronthebuyer,andshippingdocumentsareforwardedtotheseller'bankwithclearinstructionsforcollectionthroughoneofitscorrespondentbanklocatedinthedomicileofthebuyer.
Partiestotheoperationofcollection
1,Theprincipal(seller/exporter/drawer):
Theprincipalisgenerallythecustomerofabankwhopreparesdocumentation(collectiondocuments)andsubmits(remits)themtohisbank(remittingbank)withacollectionorderforpaymentfromthebuyer(drawee).
2,Theremitting(principal'/seller'/exporter')bank:
theremittingbankisthebankreceivingdocumentationfromthesellerforforwardingtothebuyer'bankalongwithinstructionsforpayment.
3,Thecollectingorpresentingbank:
Thiscanbeanybankotherthantheremittingbankinvolvedinprocessingthecollection.Specially,thisisthebankthatpresentsthedocumentstothebuyerandcollectscashpaymentorapromisetopayinthefuturefromthebuyerinexchangeforthedocuments.
4,Thedrawee(buyer/importer):
thedraweeisthepartythatmakescashpaymentoracceptsadraftaccordingtothetermsofthecollectionorderinexchangeforthedocumentsfromthepresenting/collectingbankandtakespossessionofthegoods.Thedraweeistheoneonwhomadraftisdrawnandwhoowestheindicatedamount.
5,Caseofneed:
Thecaseofneedistherepresentativeappointedbytheprincipaltoactcaseof
needintheeventofnon-acceptaneeand/ornon-payment,whosepowershouldbeclearlyandfullystatedinthecollection.
Typesofcollection
1,Documentsagainstpayment(D/P)andD/A:
书P88-89
①付款交单(Documentsagainstpayment,D/P)
付款交单是指卖方(出口人)的交单是以进口人的付款为条件。
其基本做法是:
卖方根据买卖合同先行发货,取得货运单据,然后将汇票连同整套货运
单据交给银行办理托收,并指示银行只有在买方付清货款时才能交出货运单据。
付款交单按
照付款的时间不同,又可以分为:
即期付款交单(D/Patsight):
出口人通过银行向进口人提示汇票和货运单据,进口人于见票时即须付款,在付清货款后录取货运单据。
(使用即期汇票,见票即付,付款交单)
远期付款交单(D/Paftersight):
出口人通过银行向进口人提示汇票和货运单据,进口人即在汇票上承兑,并于汇票到期日付清货款后再从银行领取货运单据。
(使用远期汇
票,见票承兑,到期付款,付款赎单)。
②承兑交单(Documentsagainstacceptanee,D/A)
承兑交单是指代收行的交单以进口方在汇票上承兑为条件。
即出口人在装运货物后开具
远期汇票,连同货运单据,通过银行向进口人提示,进口人承兑汇票后,代收行即将商业单据交给进口人,在汇票到期时,方履行付款义务。
ProcedureforD/A:
1,Theexportershipsthegoodstotheimporter'locationasagreedinthesales
contract.
2,Theexportersubmitstotheremittingbankdocuments,includingatime
Draftdrawnontheimporterandawrittenordergivingcomplete,preciseinstructions
governingthecollection
3,Theremittingbanksendsdocuments,timedraft,andcollectionordertothe
collecting/presentingbankintheimporter'country,whichnotifiestheimporter.
4a,TheimporterwritesAccepted”andthedateandsignsacrossthefaceofthedraft,therebycreatingatradeacceptanee.
4b,Thecollecting/presentingbankreleasethedocumentstotheimporter,whocanthenclaimthegoods.
5a,Atmaturitythecollecting/presentingbankpresentstheacceptaneetotheimporter.
5b,Theimporterpaysthefaceamountoftheacceptaneeplusanyfeesorothertransactioncoststhatarethebuyer'responsibility.
6,Thecollectingbankdeductsitsfeeandeithersendsthepaymenttotheremittingbankorcreditstheremittingbank'accountiftheyhaveacorrespondentrelationship.
7,Theremittingbankcreditstheexporter'accountforthefacevalueofthedraftlesswhateverfeesandchargestheexporterisresponsiblefor.
信用证的定义:
Thedocumentarycreditorletterofcreditisanundertakingissuedbya
bankfortheaccountofthebuyer(theapplicant)orforitsownaccount,topaythe
beneficiarythevalueofthedraftand/ordocumentsprovidedthatthetermsandconditionsofthedocumentarycreditarecompliedwith.
Partiestodocumentarycredit:
1,Applicant/importer/thebuyer:
Theapplicantisalwaysanimporterorabuyer,who
fillsoutandsignsanapplicationform,requestingthebanktoissueacreditinfavorofanexporterorasellerabroad.
2,Issuing/openingbank/thebuyer'bank:
:
thebankwhichissuesaletterofcreditattherequestofanapplicant.Byissuingacredittheissuingbankundertakesfullresponsibility
forpaymentagainstproperdocumentspresentedbythebeneficiary.
3,Advisingbank:
Correspondentbankorbranchoftheissuingbanktowhomtheletterof
creditisroutedfortransmissiontothebeneficiary.Ithasthetaskofinformingthe
beneficiarythatthecredithasbeenissuedinhisfavorsothatthebeneficiarymaymake
necessarypreparationgotshippingthegoodsanddraftingthedocumentsstipulatedinthecredit.
4,Beneficiary/exporter/theseller:
theexporterorthesellerinwhosefavorthecreditisissued,becausesuchacreditisconsideredtobenefittheexporterbyitsassuraneeofpaymenttohim.1
Basicproceduresofdocumentarycredit:
i,issuranee,2,amendment,3,
utilization,4,settlement(P112-114)
Typesofletterofcredit:
1,accordingtowhetheritcanberevokedornot:
revocablecredit,irrevocablecredit
(P116-117)
2,accordingtotheaddingofconfirmation:
confirmedcredit,unconfirmedcredit(P120-122
3,accordingtothetenor:
sightcredit,timecredit/usaneecredit,usaneeletterofcreditpayableatsight(P124-126)
4,accordingtothemodeofavailability:
paymentcredit/sightcredit,acceptaneecredit,deferredpaymentcredit,negotiationcredit(P133-136)
5,是否可循环:
P139
一、可撤销与不可撤销信用证
根据开证行对所开出的信用证所负的责任来区分,信用证分为可撤销信用证和不可撤销信用证。
在《跟单信用证统一惯例》(UCP500)第六条中规定,信用证应明确注明是可撤销的或是不可撤销的。
如无此注明,应视为不可撤销的。
这与UCP422是有所区分的。
(一)可撤销信用证
可撤销信用证是指在开证之后,开证行无需事先征得受益人同意就有权修改其条款或者撤销的信用证。
这种信用证对于受益人来说是缺乏保障的。
(二)不可撤销信用证
(如有)以及受益人同意,既不能修改也不能
不可撤销信用证是指未经开证行、保兑行撤销的信用证。
这种信用证对于受益人来说是比较可靠的。
不可撤销信用证有如下特征:
1、有开证行确定的付款承诺。
对于不可撤销跟单信用证而言,在其规定的单据全部提交给指定银行或开证行,符合信
用证条款和条件时,即构成开证行按照信用证固定的时间付款的确定承诺。
开证行确定的付款承诺是:
(1)对即期付款的信用证——即期付款。
(2)对延期付款的信用证一一按信用证规定所确定的到期日付款。
(3)对承兑信用证一一a•凡由开证行承兑者,,承兑受益人出具的以开证行为付款人的汇票,并于到期日支付票款;b•凡由另一受票银行承兑者,如信用证内规定的受票银行对于以其为付款人的汇票不予承兑,应由开证行承兑并在到期日支付受益人出具的以开证行为付款人的汇票;或者,如受票银行对汇票已承兑,但到期日不付,则开证行应予支付;
(4)对议付信用证一一根据受益人依照信用证出具的汇票及/或提交的单据向出票人或善意持票人履行付款,不得追索。
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