剑桥商务英语中级模拟42.docx
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剑桥商务英语中级模拟42.docx
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剑桥商务英语中级模拟42
剑桥商务英语中级模拟42
READING
PARTONE
·Readthefollowingpassageconsistingoffourparagraphs(A-D..
·Whichparagraph(A,B,CorD.doeseachstatement(1-7)referto?
·Foreachsentence,markoneletter(A,B,CorD.onyourAnswerSheet.
·Youwillneedtousesomeoftheselettersmarcthanonce.
ConversationsCanBetheKeytoaManager'sSuccess
A.Retainingtoptalentisoneofthegreatestchallengesintoday'scorporateworld.Andmanagersplayacriticalroleininfluencinganemployee'sdecisiontostaywith,orleave,acompany.Sowhatcanmanagersdotohelp?
Theyshouldlisten.Smartmanagersrealizetheyhavetomakelisteningapriority.Iftheydon't,teammembersmaybecomedisgruntledandUseotherchannelstocommunicatetheirmessageswhichcansendripplesthroughoutanorganization.Managerswholackopportunitiestolisten,reallylisten,totheissuesexpressedbyteammembers,cancreateopportunitiesthroughregularconversations.
B.Howoftenshouldyouhaveconversations?
Dependingonthesizeofyourteam,haveatleastoneortwouninterruptedconversationsamonthwitheachteammember. Havingregularconversationswillgoatongwaytoestablishtrustandbuildhealthyrelationshipsbetweenyouandyourteammembers.Theseinformalmeetingstypicallylasthalfanhourorso.They'allowyoutostayontopofimportantissues,tobemoreattunedtotheindividual'sneedsandgoalsandtoofferongoingsupport.Frequentone-on-onemeetingscanalsohelptoeliminateanysurprisestoyouortheotherperson.
C.Withsomuchgoingonintheworkplace,itmaybechallenging,toconcentrateontheissuethatneedsthemostattention.Avoidtangentialissues.Asamanager,yourtimeislimited,somakethemostofit.Beingclearabouttheobjectiveoftheconversationwillhelptokeepthediscussionontrack. Rememberwhatmaybeanimportantissuetoateammembermaybelesssotoyou:
however,theindividualmayneedyoursupportworkingthroughthatissuetofocusonmoreimportantgoals.
D.Keepthediscussionfocusedonthefuture—whatneedstohappenandwhatislikelytohappen.Thisisnotthetimetogetboggeddowninwhathashappenedinthepastortoreviewperformancehistory.Insteadtheconversationshouldbedesignedtohelpthereammembermoveforwardandtakeactiononspecificissuesthataremostrelevant.Takeacollaborativeapproachtoexploringpossibilities.
1、Amanagershouldhaveacleargoalbeforetalkingtoemployees.
2、Peopleinmanagementpositionscanlistentoemployeesthroughregularconversations.
3、Regularconversationsenablemanagerstounderstandemployees'needsandgoals.
4、Theconversationshouldbespecificandrelevanttoemployees'issues.
5、Intelligentmanagersareawareofthegreatimportanceoflisteningtoemployees.
6、Conversationsshouldnotdwellonthepast.
7、Trustcanbebuiltthroughfrequentconversations,butitmaytakealongtime.
PARTTWO
·eadthearticlebelowaboutapsychologist'sadvicetomanagers.
·hoosethebestsentencefrombelowthepassagetofilleachofthegaps.
·oreachgap(8-12),markoneletter(A-G.onyourAnswerSheet.
·onotuseanylettermorethanonce.
InsightintoManagementPsychology
Ifoverflowingin-traysfrightenyouorsolvingproblemsmakesyousweat,there'sanewrangeofbusinessbookscalledTheManagementGuidesthatyoucanturntowithconfidence.They'reshort,pocket-sized,andveryreasonablypricedat£2.99each.Inaddition,they'rewritteninaccessiblelanguagebyKathyHarman,acharteredoccupationalpsychologistwhoheadsherownLondonconsultancybusiness.ShesaysthattheguidesareintendedforprofessionalsworkinginsmallBritishcompanies,wherethinkingaboutmanagementcanbealowprioritybecauseofendlesslistsofotherresponsibilities.
8 Afterthisinitialmessagetothereader,thefollowingpagescontainsectionsoneveryaspectofbusiness,frommanagingyourowntimeandselectingemployeestoplanningaheadforthefuture.
OneofthereasonsHarmanwrotetheseguideswasthatsheknowsnoteverybusinessisabletoinvestintraining.Thedifficulty,especiallyforsmallbusinesses,isthat,"Peopleareprofessionalsfirstandforemostandsomehowtheyarejustexpectedtopickupmanagementskillsastheygoalong." 9 Andbecomingone.sherecognizes,isespeciallydifficultifyou'renotusedlocommunicatingeffectivelyordelegatingwork.
Sheadds."It'sallverywellmanagingareasthatyouhavecontroloverandyoucandoalltheplanningyoufeelisnecessary,buttherearealwaysgoingtobeotherpeopleouttherewhodothemostunexpectedthings." 10 Suchachoiceofapproachesisessentialtoanybusiness:
thiscanonlybeachievedbymanagershavinggood,friendlyrelationshipswithalltheirstaffandbusinesscontacts."Theimportantthinginmanagement,"saysHarman."isthehumanelement."
Heradvicetomanagerseverywhereistomaintainprofessionalismatalltimes."Ifyou'veevermanagedanyone."shesays,"you'llknowthatyou'renotallowedtobefedupbecausewhenthestaffcometoyou,theydon'twanttoknowaboutyourproblems,theywanttheirproblemssolved."
Harmanfeelsconfidentaboutmakingsuchananalysisbecauseofheryearsoftrainingasanoccupationalpsychologist. 11 "Whatyoufindthereisthatmostseniormanagershavehadstonekindofpsychologicaltraining,whileinthiscountry'mommanagersgettheirmanagementpsychologysecond-handbylisteningtoothermanagers."
TheoverallmessagefromHarmanisasimpleone.andit'sgotnothingmdowithtechnologyordatabases. 12 "Moreandmoremanagers,"sitesays,"arerealizingthisandbeginningtoappreciatethatwithouttherightstaffatalllevels,youreallyhaven'tgotabusiness.Peopleareyourprincipalresource."
A.Andwhentheydo,managersneedavarietyofstrategiestofallbackon.
B.This,ofcourse,isunlikelytobeeasy,becausebeinganexpertinyourfielddoesn'tnecessarilymakeyouagoodmanager.
C.Thisquestionthatmostofthemaskis,"Canweactuallyaffordamanagementtrainingcourse'?
"
D.Althoughthisareaofstudyisbecomingmoreacceptableinthebusinessworld,BritainisalongwaybehindtherestofEurope.
E.It'saboutcreatingaworkingenvironmentthatpromotesthewell-beingofeveryone,fromthepostroomtotheboardroom.
F.Thisisillustratedatthebeginningofeachguidewiththequotes,"Thisbookisforthosewhowouldliketomanagebetterbutarctoobusytobegin."
G.They'reshort,pocket-sized,andveryreasonablypricedat£2.99each.
PARTTHREE
·Readthefollowingarticleaboutinvestinginsharesandthequestionsbelowthepassage.
·Foreachquestion(13-18),markoneletter(A,B,CorD.onyourAnswerSheetfortheansweryouchoose.
TipsforBuyingShares
Investinginthestockmarkethasalwaysbeenmoreprofitablethanputtingmoneyinfoatraditionalsavingsaccount.However,itisonlyinthelastfewyearsthatprivateshareownershiphasbecomeacceptedasareliableformofinvestment.Therearemanyreasonswhymoreandmorepeoplearenowbuyingshares.Tobeginwith.thewholeprocessisnowfarmoreflexibleanduser-friendlyandpublicawarenessofinvestmentproductsandtheirtaximplicationsisalothigher.Evenmoreimportantly,thisawarenessmeanspeoplenowrealisethatthemediumtolongtermsharesarefarmoreprofitablethandepositaccounts.Today,peoplearealsomorelikelytoinvestmacompanyforethicalreasonsorasashowofsupportforthatcompany.
Whendecidingtoinvestinshares,itisessentialtothinkaboutyourobjectives.Inordertoavoidanexpensivemistake,youneedtoconsideryourexistingshortandlong-termfinancialcommitmentsandhowquicklyyouexpecttoseeareturnonyourinvestment.Mostimportantly,youneedtodecidetheextenttowhichyouarepreparedtospeculateandthenselecttheinvestmentproductswhichbestreflectyourattitudetowardstheperilsinherentinanystockmarketinvestment
Recently,newspapershavebeenfullofstoriesofinvestorsrealisingmassiveprofits.usuallyinconnectionwiththefloodofInternetcompaniesthathaveissuedsharesinthelasttwelvemonths.Suchcompanies,however,areanythingbutasafeinvestment.Althoughpeoplehavebeenattractedby'phenomenalrateatwhichthesecompaniesareexpanding,manyinvestorshaveseentheirsharesfallwellbelowtheissuepricewithinmonthsofbuyingthem.
Privateinvestorsunwillingtotoleratehighlevelsofriskcanbuysharesinbluechipcompanies,whichareestablishedorganisationssuchasbanksorlargeinternationalcorporations.Althoughsuchaninvestmentmayminimiserisks,italsolimitsthepotentialprofits.Someinvestorstrytoremovetheelementofriskbycloselymonitoringstockmarketmovementsonadailybasisorbypayingaregularsumintoamanagedfundoveralongperiodoftime.However.nomatterhowcarefullypeoplefollowthemarketsorwhatexpertadvicetheyreceive,statisticsshowthatthesafestoptionistospreadriskbyinvestinginawiderangeofdifferentcompaniesacrossdifferentsectors.
Asafirst-timeinvestor,itisvitaltoseekprofessionaladvice.Consultantscanprovideinformationonhowtoinvestinthemostattractivecompanies.Theycanexplainhowstocks.sharesandbondsactuallywork.howmucheachtypeofinvestmentcostsand.mostimportantly,whichproductsbestmatchtheirclients'requirements.
Onereliablewayofmanaginginvestmentsisthroughabroker.AnalternativemethodistodealinsharesontheInternet.Thisincursnoneoftheregularbroker'scommissionandinvestorscanthereforeeasilyaffordtobuyandsellsharesmore
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