优质英语二串讲讲义.docx
- 文档编号:30752017
- 上传时间:2023-08-20
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:68
- 大小:102.07KB
优质英语二串讲讲义.docx
《优质英语二串讲讲义.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《优质英语二串讲讲义.docx(68页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
优质英语二串讲讲义
第二部分:
各题型详解
以大纲样题和三套自测题为例讲解
第一部分:
阅读判断(第1~10题,每题1分,共10分)
下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:
如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C,并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
Passage1(选自大纲样题)
WhenWeAreAsleep
①Everyonedreams,butsomepeopleneverrecalltheirdreams,ordosoveryrarely.Otherpeoplealwayswakeupwithvividrecollections(回忆)oftheirdreams,thoughtheyforgetthemveryquickly.Inanaveragenightofeighthours’sleep,anaverageadultwilldreamforaroundonehundredminutes,probablyhavingthreetofivedreams,eachlastingfromtentothirtyminutes.
②Scientistscandetectwhensomeoneishavingadreambyusinganinstrumentwhichmeasurestheelectricalwavesinthebrain.Duringdreaming,thesewavesmovemorequickly.Breathingandpulseratealsoincrease,andtherearerapideyemovementsundertheeyelids,justasthoughthedreamerwerereallylookingatsomemovingobjects.Thesesignsofdreaminghavebeendetectedinallmammalsstudied,includingdogs,monkeys,cats,andelephants,andalsosomebirdsandreptiles(爬行动物).Thisperiodofsleepiscalledthe“D”state.Babiesexperiencethe“D”stateforaround50%oftheirsleep;theperiodreducestoaround25%bytheageof10.
③Dreamstaketheformofstories,buttheymaybestrangeandwithincidentsnotcloselyconnected,whichmakelittlesense.Dreamsareseldomwithoutpeopleinthemandtheyareusuallyaboutpeopleweknow.Oneestimatesaysthattwo-thirdsofthe“cast”ofourdreamdramasarefriendsandrelations.Visionseemsanessentialpartofdreams,exceptforpeopleblindfrombirth.Soundandtoucharesensesalsooftenaroused,butsmellandtastearenotfrequentlyinvolved.In“normal”dreams,thedreamermaybetakingpart,orbeonlyanobserver.Butheorshecannotcontrolwhathappensinthedream.
④However,thedreamerdoeshavecontroloveronetypeofdream.Thistypeofdreamiscalleda“lucid”(清醒的)dream.Noteveryoneisaluciddreamer.Somepeopleareoccasionalluciddreamers.Otherscandreamlucidlymoreorlessallthetime.Inaluciddream,thedreamerknowsthatheisdreaming.
1.Somepeopledreambutcannotremembertheirdreams.
A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven
【答案】A
【解析】根据第一段的第一句话Everyonedreams,butsomepeopleneverrecalltheirdreams,ordosoveryrarely.可知,该说法正确。
注意题干表述是对原文某些句子的同义转述,如cannot代替了never,remember代替了recall。
2.Inanaveragenightofeighthours’sleep,malesdreamlongerthanfemales.
A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven
【答案】C
【解析】根据题干中的inanaveragenightofeighthours’sleep可以快速定位在第一段的第三句话:
Inanaveragenightofeighthours’sleep,anaverageadultwilldreamforaroundonehundredminutes,probablyhavingthreetofivedreams,eachlastingfromtentothirtyminutes.这里没有对男性和女性做梦的时间进行对比,故应该选择“没有提及”。
3.Whenwedream,thereislessmovementofelectricalwavesinourbrains.
A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven
【答案】B
【解析】根据题干中的electricalwavesinourbrains可以快速定位在第二段的前两句话:
Scientistscandetectwhensomeoneishavingadreambyusinganinstrumentwhichmeasurestheelectricalwavesinthebrain.Duringdreaming,thesewavesmovemorequickly.
4.Withoutthehelpofinstruments,scientistscannottellwhethersomeoneisdreamingornot.
A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven
【答案】B
【解析】根据题干中的instruments可以定位在第二段,前三句话:
Scientistscandetectwhensomeoneishavingadreambyusinganinstrumentwhichmeasurestheelectricalwavesinthebrain.Duringdreaming,thesewavesmovemorequickly.Breathingandpulseratealsoincrease,andtherearerapideyemovementsundertheeyelids,justasthoughthedreamerwerereallylookingatsomemovingobjects.此处列举了科学家判断人是否做梦时的依据。
这里明确指出需要借助仪器的是检测脑电波,而观察呼吸、心跳和眼动,不一定要借助仪器。
因此,并不是没有仪器,科学家就无法判断一个人是否做梦。
5.Onlymammalshavedreamswhentheyareasleep.
A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven
【答案】B
【解析】根据题干中的mammals可以定位在第二段的第四句话Thesesignsofdreaminghavebeendetectedinallmammalsstudied,includingdogs,monkeys,cats,andelephants,andalsosomebirdsandreptiles(爬行动物).从句子结构andalso…可以判断also后的birds和reptiles不属于mammals的范围,这三个名词并列。
小贴士:
过于绝对的说法往往是错误的,如含有only,all,any,must,always,completely,entirely等的句子要仔细斟酌。
6.Babiesdreamlessthanolderchildren.
A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven
【答案】B
【解析】根据题干中的babies可以定位在第二段的最后两句话:
Thisperiodofsleepiscalledthe“D”state.Babiesexperiencethe“D”stateforaround50%oftheirsleep;theperiodreducestoaround25%bytheageof10.此处thisperiodofsleep…和上句,即Thesesignsofdreaminghavebeendetectedinallmammalsstudied,includingdogs,monkeys,cats,andelephants,andalsosomebirdsandreptiles.中的主语thesesignsofdreaming是顺承关系,故thisperiodofsleep就是dreaming,“D”state就是“做梦的时候”。
最后一句讲到婴儿睡眠时间的50%都是“D”state,到了10岁后就下降到了25%。
很显然,婴儿做梦比较大的孩子要多而不是less。
7.Mostdreamsinvolvethepeopleweplayedwithwhenwewereyoung.
A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven
【答案】C
【解析】本题是关于梦境的内容,可以定位在第三段前半部分Dreamstaketheformofstories,buttheymaybestrangeandwithincidentsnotcloselyconnected,whichmakelittlesense.Dreamsareseldomwithoutpeopleinthemandtheyareusuallyaboutpeopleweknow.Oneestimatesaysthattwo-thirdsofthe“cast”ofourdreamdramasarefriendsandrelations.这里提到梦里的人大多是我们认识的人,大约2/3的人是朋友或亲戚,没有提到是我们一起从小玩大的朋友。
8.Nowwecandetectwhatdreamersdreamaboutbyusingmodernequipment.
A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven
【答案】C
【解析】第三段讲到梦的形式及梦中的人物和梦的呈现方式(vision视觉,sound听觉,touch触觉),故第三段主要讲梦的内容是什么,但没有涉及这些结论是如何获得的。
9.Wedonotoftenhavethesenseoftasteindreams.
A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven
【答案】A
【解析】根据题干中的taste可以定位在第三段的倒数第三句Soundandtouch(听觉和触觉)aresensesalsooftenaroused,butsmellandtaste(嗅觉和味觉)arenotfrequentlyinvolved.本题中的often和原文中的frequently属同义替换。
10.Somepeoplecanbeconsciousthattheyaredreamingintheirdreams.
A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven
【答案】A
【解析】根据题干中的conscious可以定位在第四段However,thedreamerdoeshavecontroloveronetypeofdream.Thistypeofdreamiscalleda“lucid”(清醒的)dream.Noteveryoneisaluciddreamer.Somepeopleareoccasionalluciddreamers.Otherscandreamlucidlymoreorlessallthetime.Inaluciddream,thedreamerknowsthatheisdreaming.
小贴士:
千万不要受自己主观臆测的影响,要根据文章确定对错及“未提及”。
Passage2(选自Self-Assessment1)
WorkIsaService
①Youngpeoplemayaskthemselvesquestionslikethiswhentheyapplyforemployment:
“Whataremyworkinghours?
Whataremyextrabenefitsbesideswages?
WhatholidayswillIhaveoff?
WillIhaveenoughtimetohangoutwithmyfriendsorpursuemyhobbies?
”Withquestionslikethese,however,whenwefocusonourleisurehoursinsteadofourworkinghours,wemaybepreventedfromseeingamuchgreateropportunity.
②Goodworkattitudes,habits,andskillsarelearnedthroughsuccessfulworkexperiences.Letmeillustrate.Ontheranch(牧场)whereIgrewup,thecowshadtobemilkedbeforedawneveryday.WhenIwasjust10yearsold,Iwouldenterourbarnyardwheretherewereabout10to12cowswaitingformetoletthemintothemilkingbarn.Mymotherandfatherusedtosayoutloudtothecows,“Goodmorning.It’sgoodtoseeyou!
”IhavetoconfessthatasayoungboyIdidn’tfeelquitethesamewaytowardthecows.
③Aftereachcowwasmilked,Ipouredthemilkfromthepailintoal0-galloncan.Eachcanweighedabout80poundswhenfull.ItmademestretchmyyoungmusclesasIcarriedthemtotheroadforthedairytopickup.
④Myfatherandmotherquitefrequentlyhelpedmewithmilkingthecows.Iremembermyfatherandmothercontinuedtomilkuntiltheywereintheirlate80s.ButFatherdidn’tmilkthecowsbecausehehadto;hemilkedthembecausetheyneededtobemilked.Thereisadifference.Tohim,theseanimalswerenotjustcows–theywereBigBlackieandBossieandSallyandBetsy.Hewantedthemtobecontent.Healwayssaidthatcontentedcowsgivegoodmilk.Tomyfather,milkingcows–asunsophisticatedasitmayseem–wasnotanextraburden;itwasanopportunity.Milkingwasnotajobforhim;itwasaservice.
⑤ThisphilosophyissomethingthathelpedmeasIgrewup.Ithelpedmetofindoutthatallhonestworkishonorable.WithinafewyearsIrealizedthatroutinelyperformingthesechoresactuallybegantogivemeasenseofconfidenceandempowerment.Itookprideinmywork.Wecontrolourownattitudestowardswork.Self-confidenceandempowermentcanserveuswell–intheclassroomoronWallStreet.
⑥Insteadofthinkingofourdailyworkasanextraburden,weshouldthinkofitasanopportunity.That’sjustthewaymyfathertaughtmetofeelaboutthecows.Thoseteachingshaveremainedwithmeallmylife,andIcontinuetovisittheranchanditsmemoriesasoftenaspossible.
1.Youngpeoplemaybemoreconcernedaboutleisuretimewhenapplyingforjobs.
A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven
【答案】A
【解析】根据同一顺序的原则定位在第一段,该段提到了应聘者提出的几个问题“Whataremyworkinghours?
Whataremyextrabenefitsbesideswages?
WhatholidayswillIhaveoff?
WillIhaveenoughtimetohangoutwithmyfriendsorpursuemyhobbies?
”同时根据最后一句的概括Withquestionslikethese,however,whenwefocusonourleisurehoursinsteadofourworkinghours,wemaybepreventedfromseeingamuchgreateropportunity.可知该题干正确。
2.Goodworkattitudes,habits,andskillsarelearnedatschool.
A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven
【答案】B
【解析】根据题干中的workattitudes,habits,skills可以定位在第二段的第一句Goodworkattitudes,habits,andskillsarelearnedthroughsuccessfulworkexperiences.可知好的工作态度、习惯和技术来自工作经历而不是在学校可以学到。
3.Beforegoingtoschool,theauthorhadtomilkallthecowsinthemorning.
A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven
【答案】B
【解析】根据题干中的milkcows可以定位在第二段的中间WhenIwasjust10yearsold,Iwouldenterourbarnyardwheretherewereabout10to12cowswaitingformetoletthemintothemilkingbarn.Mymotherandfatherusedtosayoutloudtothecows,“Goodmorning.It’sgoodtoseeyou!
”可知作者需要给10到12只奶牛挤奶,其余由他父母挤奶。
小贴士:
过于绝对的说法往往是错误的,如含有only,al
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 优质 英语 串讲 讲义