iron deficiency.docx
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iron deficiency.docx
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irondeficiency
1请大家课前认真阅读以下有关课文背景的知识。
(将生词找出,并查字典)
2预习课文及单词,完成课后练习III和IV(p.36-38)
IRONDEFICIENCY
Whatisirondeficiency?
Ironisamineralfoundineverycellofthebody.Itisvitalforgoodhealthandforourmentalandphysicalwellbeing.Lackofironisthemostcommonsinglenutrientdeficiencyworldwide,withwomenandpreschoolchildrenbeingatparticularrisk.However,correctinganirondeficiencyisusuallystraightforward.
WhydoIneediron?
Ironisoneof20mineralsfoundinfood.Itisstoredinyourliver,spleenandbonemarrow.Ifyourbodylacksiron,itcannotmakeenoughhaemoglobin,whichisthesubstanceinyourredbloodcellsthatcarriesoxygentothebodyandbrain.Ironboostsyourimmunesystem,helpingfightinfections,andisvitalfornormalgrowthandintellectualdevelopmentinchildren.Ifyoudonothaveenough,youmaylackenergyandgetsickoften.Ironisalsoneededforoptimumbrainfunctioninadults.
Whoisatrisk?
Youmaydevelopirondeficiencyifyoudonoteatiron-richfoodsforalongperiodoftime.Peopleneedmoreironatcertaintimes,suchasinadolescence,pregnancyorwhenexercisingalot.Irondeficiencycanbeduetolengthyillnessorlosingbloodfromheavyperiodsorstomachulcers–bleedingfromsomecancersisararebutimportantcause.Yourdoctorcancheckyouhavenoseriouscausefordeficiency.Drugs(eg,aspirinandsomeanti-inflammatories)canalsocausebleedinginthegut.
Girlsandwomen
Womenneedmoreironbecauseofbloodlossduringtheirperiods.Theyalsoneedmorethandoubletheusualintakeofironduringpregnancy.Women(ormen)whofollowrestrictiveorfaddietscanbecomeirondeficient.
Infantsandyoungchildren
IrondeficiencyisextremelycommoninpreschoolchildreninNewZealand,withuptoaquarterofthoseunderthreeyearsofagesufferingfromiron-deficiencyanaemia.Thiscanhaveapermanentimpactonbraindevelopment,makingsuchchildrenlessabletolearn.Iron-deficientyoungstersmayalsonotgainenoughweight,haveproblemswithfeedinganddigestion,gettiredeasilyandbemorepronetoinfectionsandillness.Childrenbetweensixand24monthsareatgreatestrisk.
Teenagers
Teenagersneedextranutrientstofuelgrowthspurts,buttheyarealsomorelikelytohaveapoordiet.
Athletes
Ironislostthroughexcessivesweatingandsomeathletes(particularlythoseforwhomweightisanissue)mayhaveunbalanceddiets.
Vegetariansandvegans
Ironinplantfoodsisnotaseasilyabsorbedasthatinmeat,sovegetariansandvegansmaygettoolittleiron.Youshouldtellyourdoctorifyouhaveanon-meatdietsoheorshecantestyouforirondeficiencyand,ifnecessary,referyoutoadietitianforadvice.
Recommendeddailydietaryintakeofiron
infants7–12months9mg
children1–11years6–8mg
teenagers12–18years10–13mg
women19–54years12–16mg
54+years5–7mg
men19+years7mg
Whatarethesymptoms?
Theremaybenosymptoms,oryoumaylackenergyoryourskinandtheinsideofyourmouthmaybepale.Ifyougoontodevelopiron-deficiencyanaemia,you’llfeelevenmoretiredbecausenotenoughoxygenisgettingtoyourcells.Youmaybeunabletodoveryphysicaltasks,beunabletoconcentrateandfindlearningdifficult,haveheadaches,beirritableorbemorepronetoinfections.Olderpeoplemaygetheartpainorangina,asthehearthastoworkhardertosupplyenoughoxygentothebody.
Howisitdiagnosed?
Youmayhavesomeofthesymptomsalreadymentioned,oryoumayonlyfindoutifyouhavearoutinebloodtest.Bloodtestswillshowhowmuchironisinyourbloodandifyouhaveanaemia.Moretestsmaybeneededtocheckforanymedicalconditioncausingyourirondeficiency.
WheredoIgetironfrom?
Dependingonthecause,irondeficiencycanusuallybecorrectedbyironsupplementsand/orchangestoyourdiet.Yourbloodcountmayhavetobecheckedregularlytomakesuretheproblemhasnotreturned.
Iron-richfoodsinyourdiet
meatandfish:
beef,lamb(especiallykidneysandliver),veal,pork,poultry,mussels,oysters,sardinesandtuna
fruits:
driedfruitssuchasprunes,figs,raisins,currants,peachesandpruneandblackberryjuice
vegetables:
greens(spinach,silverbeet,lettuce),beansandpeas,pumpkinandsweetpotatoes
grains:
oatmeal,iron-fortifiedbreakfastcerealsandwholegrainbreads.
Theironinmeat,fishandchickeniscalledhaemironandismoreabundantandmoreeasilyabsorbedthantheironinvegetables,whichiscallednon-haemiron.Itisbesttogetironfromavarietyofsources–proteininmeatalsohelpsyourgutabsorbnon-haemiron.
Ironcontainedin100gofdifferentfoods
Yourbodyabsorbsonlyasmallamountofironatanyonetime,soitisimportanttoeatalotofiron-richfoodseveryday.Togetthemostoutofthosefoodsremember:
eatingfoodsrichinvitaminC(citrusfruits,leafygreenvegetables)willhelpironabsorption
drinkingmilkaroundmealtimesorwhentakingirontabletscaninterferewithironabsorption
drinkingteawithmealsalsohindersironuptake.
Ironsupplements
Ironsupplementsareusuallytablets,butifyouneedalotofadditionalironyourdoctormaygiveyouaninjection.Irontabletsturnyourbowelmotionsblackandcancauseindigestion,constipation,diarrhoeaornausea.Ifso,yourdoctormaychangethem.VitaminCalsohelpsyouabsorbtheironinirontablets.
Infantsandyoungchildren
Breastmilkcontainsenoughironforbabiesuntilsixmonthsofage.Meat,wherepossible,oriron-fortifiedcerealsshouldbeintroducedbysixtoeightmonths.Bottle-fedorweanedbabiesshouldhaveiron-fortifiedformulauntil12monthsofage.Cow’smilkshouldnotbegiveninthefirstyearoflife:
itisnotagoodsourceofironandcancausestomachupsetswithsomebleedinginthegutandfurtherironloss.Teashouldnotbegiventopreschoolersasitpreventsironabsorption.
Makesureyourchild’sdietiswellbalancedandcontainsawidevarietyoftheiron-richfoodsmentionedabove.RefertoPlunketguidelinesonwhentointroducedifferentfoods.Aliquidironsupplementmaybenecessaryifyourchildhasirondeficiency.
Whathappensifitisnottreated?
Youcanfeelmoreandmoreunwell,particularlyifanunderlyingcauseofirondeficiency,suchasstomachbleeding,isnottreated.Ifinfantsgountreateditcanresultindevelopmentalandlearningdifficulties.
EasyWaystoGettheIronYouNeed
bySueGilbert,M.S.,Nutritionist
Womenofchildbearingagearecommonlyirondeficient.Itisoftenhelpfulnotonlytoeatiron-richfoodsbutalsototakeamultivitaminsupplementthatcontainsiron.Manysupplementsaredesignedforwomenwiththatinmind.
Certainnutrients,suchasvitaminC,helptoboostthepotencyoftheironbyenhancingitsabsorption.Soeatinghigh-ironfoodswith,forexample,aglassoforangejuiceincreasestheamountofironthebodycanuse.
Theironfrommeatsourcesisthebest-absorbedform,soalittlegoesalongway.
Thislistofiron-richfoodsrunsfrommoreabsorbabletoless:
•Alltypesofliver
•Beef
•Venison
•Oysters
•Sardines
•Turkey
•Chicken
•Cod
•Brewer'syeast
•Blackstrapmolasses
•Iron-fortifiedbreakfastcereals
•Wheatgerm
•Soybeans
•Lentils
•Turnipgreens
•Baked-potatoskin
•Bulgur
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