中考英语重点专项讲解与突破练习.docx
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中考英语重点专项讲解与突破练习.docx
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中考英语重点专项讲解与突破练习
直接引语变间接引语
一、句式变化
1.陈述句形式的直接引语变为间接引语时,应该先用连词that引导间接引语,既宾语从句,再将主句中的saidtosb改为toldsb,that在口语中经常省略。
e.g.1)Shesaid,“IcanspeakEnglish.”____________________________________
2)Shesaidtome,“Ilikethefilmverymuch.”__________________________________
若间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列句,第一个that可以省略,以后的that一般不能省略。
e.g.MrSmithsaidtotheworkers,“JohnhasworkedveryhardandIwanthimtostay.”
________________________________________________________________________
2.如果直接引语是疑问句,将其变为间接引语时应注意三点:
1)选连词。直接引语为一般疑问句时,用whether/if引导宾语从句;直接引语为特殊疑问句时,仍用原来的疑问词引导宾语从句。2)变疑问语序为陈述语序。3)换动词。如果主句的谓语动词是said(tosb),则应将其改为asked(sb)。主句中没有宾语时,可根据句意在asked后面加me,him或us等。
1)Shesaid,“AreyouinterestedinChinese?
” __________________________________
2)Hesaidtome,“Doyougotoschoolbybike?
”____________________________________
3)“Wheredoyoulive?
”TomaskedMary.__________________________________________
3.如果直接引语是祈使句,间接引语应为“tell(ask/order/beg等)sb(not)todosth”。
e.g.1)“Becarefulwithyourwriting,”theteachersaidtome._______________________________________
2)“Don’ttakeoffyourcoats,”shesaidtothechildren.______________________________________________
二、时态变化
要根据主句中的谓语动词时态调整宾语从句中谓语动词的时态。如果主句中的谓语动词是现在时,宾语从句中谓语动词的时态可以不变;如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,则从句谓语动词的时态要变为相应的过去时态。
e.g.1)Hesaid,“Igetupearlyeverymorning.”
______________________________________(一般现在时→一般过去时)
2)Shesaid,“Iamworkingonahomeworkproject.”
______________________________________(现在进行时→过去进行时)
3)Shesaid,“Imetmyfriendinthestreet.”
________________________________________(一般过去时→过去完成时)
4)“HaveyoueverbeentoAmerica?
”Tomaskedme.
(现在完成时——过去完成时)
5)“I’llflytoHainannextweek”,shesaidtome.
(一般将来时——过去将来时)
注意在下面几种情况下,从句中谓语动词的时态可以保持不变:
1)直接引语叙述的是科学真理、客观事实、格言等。
e.g.“Themoonmovesroundtheearth,”theteachersaidtothestudents.
____________________________________________________________
2)直接引语中有明确的不受语境限制的过去时间状语。
e.g.“JohnwenttoParisbyairin1985,”Jacksaid.___________________________________
3)must(表示“推测”、“禁止”)和should等情态助动词无过去式。将其变成间接引语时,通常用原来的形式。
e.g.Thepolicemantoldthechildren,“Youmustn’tplayfootballinthestreet.”
________________________________________________________
三、代词变化
将直接引语中的人称代词、物主代词、指示代词转移到间接引语中时,要作相应的调整。直接引语中的第一人称要按照主句中的主语人称来变化;直接引语中的第二人称要按照主句中的宾语的人称来变化;直接引语中的第三人称一般不需要变化。
e.g.1)Jacksaidtome,“I’llgowithyou.” ________________________________________
2)Jimsaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”_________________________________________
3)MrsGreensaid,“Theyworkhard.”__________________________________________
四、状语变化
将直接引语中的时间状语和地点状语转移到间接引语中时,应作如下变化:
here→there;now→then;today→thatday;tonight→thatnight;ago→before;yesterday→thedaybefore;yesterdayevening→theeveningbefore;tomorrow→thenext/followingday/thedayafter;lastweek→theweekbefore;nextyear→theyearafter/thefollowingyear/thenextyear.
e.g.1)MarciasaidtoBen,“Areyougoingtovisityourteachertomorrow.”
_________________________________________________________
2)Lanasaid,“Weareverybusytoday.”_____________________________________________
3)MrSmithsaid,“Ilivehere.”____________________________________________________
五、动词变化
直接引语中的动词come,bring到间接引语中应为go,take.
e.g.Shesaid,“I’llbringmysisterhere.” ____________________________
直接引语改成间接引语一试身手
1.“Pleaseshowmeyournewcoat,Helen,”hesaid.He_______Helen_______________himhernewcoat.
2.“Howareyoufeelingnow?
”thedoctoraskedher.Thedoctor_____her_________________feeling_____
3.Mothersaidtome,“Don’tputitonthistable.”Mother________________________________itonthattable.
4.Hesaid,“DoyougotothecinemaeverySaturdayevening?
”
He_________________________________tothecinemaeverySaturdayevening.
5.Shesaid,“Iwillcomeherenextweek.”
Shesaid_______________________________________nextweek.
6.Shesaid,“MybrothercanwritealetterinEnglish.”
Shesaidthat_________brother______________aletterinEnglish.
7.Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1993.”He_______methat_______________bornin1993.
8.Sheasked,“Whenwillthesportsmeetbegin?
”Sheasked________thesportsmeet______________.
9.Theboysaid,“Myfatherwaswithmefivedaysago.”
Theboysaid_______father________________with_______fivedays________
10.Johnaskedme,“Doyouunderstandwhatthemanissaying?
”
Johnaskedme______________understoodwhattheman___________saying.
II.Rewritethefollowingsentencesaccordingtorequirement.
1.ThebossaskedJohn,“Wherehaveyoubeen?
“(改成间接引语)
ThebossaskedJohnwhere________________________________.
2.MarysaidthatshehaddrawnapictureoftheWestLake.(改为直接引语)
Marysaid,“__________________drawnapictureoftheWestLake.”
3.WeiFangaskedmenottogivetheknifetoLiMing.(改为直接引语)
“_________givetheknifetoLiMing,Please,”WeiFangaskedme.
4.“I’mreadingamagazineandIcan'tgotothecinemawithyou,”hesaidtome.(改为间接引语)
Hetoldmethathe____________________amagazine_________thathecouldn'tgotothecinemawithme.
5.“Stayhere!
”theofficersaidtothesoldier.(改为间接引语)
Theofficer_________thesoldier________________________.
6.Mr.Wuaskedthelittleboy,“Wheredidyoumeettheforeigngueststwodaysago?
”(改为间接引语)
Mr.Wuaskedthelittleboywhere__________________________theforeigngueststwodays________.
7.Myteacheraskedme,“Didyoutakepartintheparty?
”(改为直接引语)
Myteacheraskedme__________Ihadtakenpartinthepatty.
8.Theysaid,“Wehaveneverbeenhere.”(改为间接引语)Theysaidthatthey_____neverbeen________.
9.Tomaskedhertotellhimwhathadhappened.(改为直接引语)
Tomsaidtoher,“Please__________________________________.”
10.Mr.LisaidhewouldgototheSummerPalacethenextday.(改为直接引语)
Mr.Lisaid,“I______________totheSummerPalace___________.”
III中考链接
1Myfriendaskedme,“Doyouhelpyourparentswiththehouseworkonweekdays?
(09济南)
Myfriendaskedme________I__________myparentswiththehouseworkonweekdays.
2Sheaskedme,“Willyougotothecinematomorrow?
”(09兰州)
Sheaskedme_________I________gotothecinema______________day.
3.他说等她一回来就把礼物交给她。
(10兰州)
Hesaidthathe_____giveherthepresentassoonasshecameback.
()4.BeforegoingtotheHistoryMuseum,ourteachertoldus______thepublicrules.(10上海)
A.obeyB.toobeyC.obeyingD.obeyed
()5.Thepolicemanaskedtheboy____.(10广东)
A.whereishismotherB.wherehismotherisC.wherewashismotherD.wherehismotherwas
()6.---Excuseme,couldyoutellme_______forTaiwan?
---Thedayaftertomorrow.(10福州)
A.whendidyouleaveB.whenyouareleavingC.whenareyouleaving
()7.---David,lookatthemaninwhiteoverthere.Canyoutellme____?
---Heisadoctor.(10重庆)
A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whatisheD.whatheis
虚拟语气
一、核心复习
在英语中,凡表达与事实不符的假设、想象、愿望等时,一定要把动词的惯常使用法加以改变,这种特殊的动词使用法,叫做“虚拟语气”。
1.与现在事实相反的假设
连词条件从句主句
If①were
主语+②过去时
③过去式助动词+动词原型主语+should/would/could
/might+动词原型
e.g.Ifhewererich,hewouldbuythehouse.IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyFrench.
IfIcouldfly,Iwouldflyinthesky.
2.与过去事实相反的假设
连词条件从句主句
If
主语+had+过去分词
主语+should/would/could
/might+have+过去分词
e.g.Ifhehadstudiedhard,hecouldhavewonthescholarship.
IfIhadhadenoughtime,Iwouldhavegonewithyou.
Ifyouhadbeentherelastnight,nothingwouldhavehappened.
3.与将来事实相反的假设
连词条件从句主句
If①should+动词原型
主语+②were+带to的动词不定式
③过去式主语+should/would/
could/might+动词原型
e.g.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgotoDamingLake.
IfIweretoseehimtomrrow,Iwouldtellhimyourdecision.
4.“Iwish+虚拟语气”表示“不可能实现的愿望”。
意为“但愿..……;真希望……;要是……就好了”。
基本句式:
1)Iwish+were/过去式动词+其他部分。
表示“现在”不能实现的愿望。
2)Iwish+had+过去分词+其他部分。
表示“过去”不能实现的愿望。
e.g.IwishIknewhowtodoit.IwishIhadbeeninHongKonglastyear.
二、一试身手
I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.
1.IfI___________(be)you,Iwouldnotdosuchathing.
2.Supposeourteachercouldn’tcome,who________(will)takehisplace?
3.IfHe__________(follow)thedoctor’sadvice,hewouldnothavedied.
4.IfI____________(know)herwell,Iwouldtellyouabouther.
5.Ifshe_________(be)morecareful,shewouldn’thavemadethesemistakes.
6.Ifwe_________(be)there,wecouldhaveseentheparade(游行).
7.PeoplewouldbelievemystoryifI_________(be)notsoyoung.
8.IfI__________(know)howtoski,Iwouldhavejoinedyou.
9.Ifhe___________(go)overhislessonsyesterday,hewouldpasstheexamnow.
10.Ifyouhadhelpedhim,he_________(be)happynow.
II.Multiplechoice
()1.Ifheworkshard,he_______intheend.
A.wouldsucceedB.mighthavesucceedC.willsucceedD.willbesucceed
()2.IfI_____you,Iwouldgotothepartywithyou.A.amB.wereC.hadbeenD.be
()3.Ifithadnotrainedsohardyesterday,we________toTianjin.
A.shouldhavegoneB.shouldgoC.goD.went
()4.“Iguessso.”Motherreplied.“ButIstillwishthey_______good,steadyjobs.”
A.haveB.arehavingC.havehadD.had
()5.Ifyoudon’tknowtheword,whydon’tyouinthedictionary.
A.lookitupB.lookforitC.willlookitupD.lookatit
III.Check(√)thesentenceswhicharesubjunctivemood.
1.IwouldmovetoNewYorkifIwonthelottery.
2.IfIdon’tfindajobhere,IwillmovetoJapan.
3.IfPeggyweretall,shewouldn'thavetolookupatthatperson.
4.IfyougotoJapan,youwillbeabletopracticeyourJapanese.
5.Ifitrained,Iwouldbeveryhappy.
6.IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.
7.I’llbehappyifyoucometomyparty.
8.Jasminwouldbuyabi
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