论翻译策略及其应用.docx
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论翻译策略及其应用.docx
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论翻译策略及其应用
论翻译策略及其应用
TowardsTranslationStrategies
AndTheirApplication
WrittenbyWuJianghua
SupervisedbyProfessorTanWeiguo
AThesisSubmittedto
ForeignLanguagesCollege
ShanghaiNormalUniversity
InPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfor
TheDegreeofMasterofArtsin
EnglishLinguisticsandLiterature
May2006
论翻译战略及其运用
吴江华
导师:
谭卫国教授
上海师范大学
本国语学院
英语言语文学硕士论文
2006年5月
Acknowledgements
Mymostsinceregratitudeshouldfirstgotomysupervisor,Prof.TanWeiguo,whoseconstantencouragement,illuminatinginstructionandmeticulousguidancehavegreatlycontributedtotheshapingofthisthesis.Itishewhohasguidedmeintotheacademicfieldoftranslationanditisalsohewhohasinspiredinmeaparticularinterestintranslationstrategies.Hecarefullyreadthevariousdraftsofmythesisandprovidedmewithinvaluablecommentsandsuggestions.Withouthiskindhelpandcarefuleffort,thisthesiswouldnotbewhatitappearsnow.
IamalsogreatlyindebtedtoProf.CaiLongquan,fromwhosecommentsandsuggestionsIhaveundoubtedlybenefitedagreatdeal.Besides,IwouldliketoextendmyappreciationtoProf.ChengXinghua,Prof.SuChengzhi,Prof.Zhouzhongjie,andProf.DengMingde,whohavealsohelpedmeinonewayoranother.ItwasthroughtheirlecturesIhadthechancestoacquaintmyselfwithknowledgeessentialforthisthesisandthatIbroadenedmyhorizonsinthefieldoftranslationstudies,linguisticsandliterature.Inaddition,mythanksalsogotoalltheotherteachersandmydearfriendsfortheirsupportandencouragementduringmythree-yearstudyasapostgraduate.
Finally,Idedicatethisthesiswithloveandgratitudetomyfamilymembers,whoarealwaystheretogivemeconstantencouragementandsupportwheneverIneed.Theirloveismyperpetualtreasure.
Abstract
Translation,whichactsasabridgebetweendifferentlanguagesandcultures,contributessignificantlytocross-culturalcommunication.Duringtheprocessoftranslation,translatorsalwayshavetomakeachoiceofwhichtranslationstrategyshouldbeadoptedtodealwiththedifferencesbetweentheSL-cultureandtheTL-culture.Domesticationandforeignizationaretwomajortranslationstrategies.Thisthesismakesanattempttodiscussthetwostrategiesandtheirapplicationfromtheperspectivesoftranslatology,linguisticsandinterculturalcommunication.
Thisthesisfirstsurveysthestatusquoofresearchesconcerningdomesticationandforeignizationathomeandabroadbeforeitpointsoutthenecessityofmakingfurtherstudiesofthesetwomajortranslationstrategies.Next,thethesisexpoundstherelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureandthatbetweencultureandtranslation.Then,itdiscussesatlengththetwotranslationstrategies,includingtheirdefinitions,acomparativestudy,disputesinhistory,currentstudies,andtheauthor’sopinions.Thethesiscontinuestodealwithsuchneglectedfactorsasmayinfluencethetranslator’schoiceoftranslationstrategies:
thetypeofthesourcetext(ST),thetranslationpurposes,theleveloftheintendedreaders,thesocialandhistoricalbackground,thetranslator’sattitudeandsoon.Finally,fromthelinguisticandculturalperspectives,thethesismakesacomparativestudyoftheapplicationofdomesticationandforeignizationbyanalyzingtypicalexamplesfromthetwoEnglishversionsofHongLouMengtranslatedbyYangXianyiandDavidHawkesrespectively.
Thethesisconcludesthatthesetwotranslationstrategieshavetheirrespectivefeaturesandapplicablevalue.ItissincerelyhopedthatthisresearchintotranslationstrategieswillenlightentranslatorsandmakealittlecontributiontotheprosperityoftranslationstudiesandtranslationpracticeinChina.
Keywords:
translationstrategy;domestication;foreignization;application
摘要
翻译作为沟通不同言语与文明的桥梁,在跨文明交际中起着不可或缺的作用。
译者在翻译的进程中总会面临翻译战略的选择。
翻译战略是指译者在处置源语与译语言语文明差异时所用的方法。
在翻译中有两种基本战略:
归化和异化。
本文主要从翻译学、言语学和跨文明交际的角度来讨论这两种翻译战略以及他们的运用。
首先,文章概述了国际外翻译界对归化与异化研讨的现状并指出继续深化研讨的必要性;接着论述了言语、文明与翻译之间的相互关系;然后系统地讨论归化和异化这两种翻译战略,包括他们的定义,历史上的有关争论和以后的研讨现状,并论述了作者的观念。
接上去本文讨论了影响译者选择翻译战略的要素,例如:
文本类型、目的语读者的水平、翻译的社会历史背景、译者的翻译的目的及其文明态度等等。
作者试图经过对这些要素停止详细剖析,并结合详细例子,区分从言语和文明层面对中国古典名著«红楼梦»的两个英译本中归化与异化的运用停止比拟研讨〔杨宪益译本和霍克斯译本〕,来论证异化与归化看似矛盾,实那么相互补充的辩证关系;异化和归化因其各具特点,在不同状况下都有其存在的价值,过于强调其中的一种是片面的,不迷信的;译者应该依据文本类型、翻译目的和读者水平等因历来选择适宜的翻译战略,相对归化和相对异化都是行不通的。
希望本文对翻译战略的研讨可以给译者以启示,并到达进一步增强和丰厚翻译实际、指点翻译实际的目的。
关键词:
翻译战略;归化;异化;运用
TableofContents
Chapter1Introduction
Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandtheincreasinginterconnectednessoftheinternationaleconomicandculturalsystems,theworldisgettingsmallerandsmallerandbecomingaglobalvillage.Communicationamongthepeopleintheglobalvillageisgrowingmoreandmorefrequent.Translation,asameansoftransferringlanguagesaswellascultures,isplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleintheglobalization,whichalsogivesagreatimpetustothedevelopmentofcivilization.
1.1TheCulturalTurnintheStudyofTranslation
Forcenturies,thestudiesoftranslationhavebeensubsumedundereitheroftwodifferentsubjectsordisciplines:
linguisticsandcomparativeliterature.Traditionaltranslationstudiesmainlyinvolvethecomprehensionandcriticismoftheoriginaltextanditstranslation.Mostpapersontranslationfocusonlinguisticanalysisandtextualcomparison.Translationevenhasbeenseenasasegmentorsub-fieldoflinguisticsonthebasicpremisethattranslationisakindofcommunicationbetweentwolanguages,andtheobjectoftranslationstudyistoachieveakindofgrammaticalorsyntacticalequivalence.Before1970s,thestudyoftranslationoccupiedaminorcornerofappliedlinguistics,anevenmoreminorcornerofliterarystudies,andlittlepositionatallintheculturalstudies.
Butshortlyafterwards,itbegantobenoticedthattranslationisnotmerely〝thereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguage(sourcelanguage)byequivalentmaterialinanotherlanguage(targetlanguage)〞(J.C.Catford,1965:
20).HansVermeer,aGermantranslator,onceproposedhisunderstandingoftranslationfromaculturalperspectiveas〝informationofferedinalanguagezofcultureZwhichimitatesinformationofferedinlanguageaofcultureAsoastofulfillthedesiredfunction.Thatmeansthatatranslationisnotthetranscodingofwordsorsentencesfromonelanguageintoanother,butacomplexactioninwhichsomeoneprovidesinformationaboutatextundernewfunctional,culturalandlinguisticconditionsandinanewsituation,wherebyformalcharacteristicsareimitatedasfaraspossible〞(HansVermeer,1986:
36).
Inabroadsense,allhumanactivitiesareculturalactivities.Translationisnoexception.ChristianeNordusesthenotionof〝interculturalcommunication〞insteadof〝translation〞;Holz-Manttariuses〝interculturalcooperation〞torefertotranslation;R.DanielShawcoinstheword〝transculturation〞toreplacetranslation;AndreLefevereviewstranslationasakindof〝acculturation〞(Guo,1998:
12).Furthermore,LanceHewsonandJackyMartin(1991:
131-135),whileconsideringthetranslatoras〝culturaloperator〞,claimthat〝culturalequationshouldbeanessentialpartoftranslationtheoryandpracticealike.〞
In1990,SusanBassnettandAndreLefeverewerethefirsttosuggestthattranslationstudiestakethe〝Culturalturn〞,whichmarksashiftofemphasisintranslationstudiesfromthelinguisticanalysistothebroaderissuesofcontext,historyandconventionintheirco-editedworksofTranslation/History/Culture:
ASourcebook:
Onceuponatime,thequestionsthatwerealwaysbeingaskedwere〝Howcantranslationbetaught?
〞and〝Howcantranslationbestudied?
〞Thosewhoregardedthemselvesastranslatorswereoftencontemptuousofanyattemptstoteachtranslation,whilstthosewhoclaimedtoteachoftendidnottranslate,andsohadtoresorttotheoldevaluativemethodofsettingonetranslationalongsideanotherandexaminingbothinaformalistvacuum.Now,thequestionshavechanged.Theobjectofstudyhasbeenredefined;whatisstudiedisthetextembeddedinitsnetworkofbothsourceandtargetculturalsignsandinthiswayTranslationStudieshasbeenabletoutilizethelinguisticapproachandtomoveoutbeyondit(2004:
123).
Theymaintainthatthestudyoftranslationisthestudyofculturalinteraction.Translationisneverdoneinavacuum.Neitherdoesthewriternorthetranslatoroperateinavacuum;theyaretheproductsofaparticularculture,ofaparticularmomentintime.Increasingly,thereisamovetowardsculturalstudiesinthefieldoftranslationsincenotranslatorcanescapefromculturalconstrainsandtranslationtheorycanneverbeall-aroundwithoutculturalstudies.Translationstudieshavemovedonfromendlessdebatesabout〝equivalence〞todiscussionofthefactorsinvolvedintextproductionacrosslinguisticboundaries.Theygotowardsagreaterawarenessoftheinternationalcontextandtheneedtobalancelocalwithglobaldiscourses.Undoubtedlythisbroadenedthevisionoftranslationstudy.
1.2StatusQuoofStudiesofDomesticationandForeignization
Sincethe〝CulturalTurn〞inthestudyoftranslation,thereisanewtrendinthefield:
culture-orientedtranslation,whichviewstranslationnotonlyasaninter-lingualcommunicationbutalsoasaninter-culturalcommunicationbymeansofwhichcultureofonelanguagecanbeandshouldbetransmittedintothatofanother.E.A.Nidathinksthat〝fortrulysuccessfultranslating,biculturalismisevenmoreimportantthanbilingualism,sincewordsonlyhavemeaningintermsoftheculturesinwhichtheyfunction〞(Nida,2001:
82).Translationisinitsessenceakindofinterculturalcommun
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