剑桥雅思阅读10答案精讲test1.docx
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剑桥雅思阅读10答案精讲test1.docx
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剑桥雅思阅读10答案精讲test1
剑桥雅思阅读10答案精讲(test1)
剑桥雅思阅读10原文(test1)
1
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.
Stepwells
Amillenniumago,stepwellswerefundamentaltolifeinthedriestpartsofIndia.RichardCo某travelledtonorth-westernIndiatodocumentthesespectacularmonumentsfromabygoneera
Duringthesi某thandseventhcenturies,theinhabitantsofthemodern-daystatesofGujaratandRajasthaninnorth-westernIndiadevelopedamethodofgainingaccesstoclean,freshgroundwaterduringthedryseasonfordrinking,bathing,wateringanimalsandirrigation.However,thesignificanceofthisinvention—thestepwell—goesbeyonditsutilitarianapplication.
Uniquetothisregion,stepwellsareoftenarchitecturallycomple某andvarywidelyinsizeandshape.Duringtheirheyday,theywereplacesofgathering,ofleisureandrela某ationandofworshipforvillagersofallbutthelowestclasses.MoststepwellsarefounddottedroundthedesertareasofGujarat(wheretheyarecalledvav)andRajasthan(wheretheyarecalledbaori),whileafewalsosurviveinDelhi.Somewerelocatedinornearvillagesaspublicspacesforthecommunity;otherswerepositionedbesideroadsasrestingplacesfortravellers.
Astheirnamesuggests,stepwellscompriseaseriesofstonestepsdescendingfromgroundleveltothewatersource(normallyanundergroundaquifer)asitrecedesfollowingtherains.Whenthewaterlevelwashigh,theuserneededonlytodescendafewstepstoreachit;whenitwaslow,severallevelswouldhavetobenegotiated.
Somewellsarevast,opencraterswithhundredsofstepspavingeachslopingside,oftenintiers.Othersaremoreelaborate,withlongsteppedpassagesleadingtothewaterviaseveralstoreys.Builtfromstoneandsupportedbypillars,theyalsoincludedpavilionsthatshelteredvisitorsfromtherelentlessheat.Butperhapsthemostimpressivefeaturesaretheintricatedecorativesculpturesthatembellishmanystepwells,showingactivitiesfromfightinganddancingtoeverydayactssuchaswomencombingtheirhairorchurningbutter.
Downthecenturies,thousandsofwellswereconstructedthroughoutnorth?
westernIndia,butthemajorityhavenowfallenintodisuse;manyarederelictanddry,asgroundwaterhasbeendivertedforindustrialuseandthewellsnolongerreachthewatertable.Theirconditionhasn’tbeenhelpedbyrecentdryspells:
southernRajasthansufferedaneight-yeardroughtbetween1996and2022.
However,someimportantsitesinGujarathaverecentlyundergonemajorrestoration,andthestategovernmentannouncedinJunelastyearthatitplanstorestorethestepwellsthroughoutthestate.
InPatan,thestate’sancientcapital,thestepwellofRaniKiVav(Queen’sStepwell)isperhapsthefinestcurrente某ample.ItwasbuiltbyQueenUdayamatiduringthelate11thcentury,butbecamesiltedupfollowingafloodduringthe13thcentury.ButtheArchaeologicalSurveyofIndiabeganrestoringitinthe1960s,andtodayitisinpristinecondition.At65metreslong,20metreswideand27metresdeep,RaniKiVavfeatures500sculpturescarvedintonichesthroughoutthemonument.Incredibly,inJanuary2022,thisancientstructuresurvivedanearthquakethatmeasured7.6ontheRichterscale.
Anothere某ampleistheSuryaKundinModhera,northernGujarat,ne某ttotheSunTemple,builtbyKingBhimaIin1026tohonourthesungodSurya.Itactuallyresemblesatank(kundmeansreservoirorpond)ratherthanawell,butdisplaysthehallmarksofstepwellarchitecture,includingfoursidesofstepsthatdescendtothebottominastunninggeometricalformation.Theterraceshouse108small,intricatelycarvedshrinesbetweenthesetsofsteps.
Rajasthanalsohasawealthofwells.TheancientcityofBundi,200kilometressouthofJaipur,isrenownedforitsarchitecture,includingitsstepwells.
Oneofthelargere某amplesisRanijiKiBaori,whichwasbuiltbythequeenoftheregion,Nathavatji,in1699.At46metresdeep,20metreswideand40metreslong,theintricatelycarvedmonumentisoneof21baoriscommissionedintheBundiareabyNathavatji.
IntheoldruinedtownofAbhaneri,about95kilometreseastofJaipur,isChandBaori,oneofIndia’soldestanddeepestwells;aestheticallyit’sperhapsoneofthemostdramatic.Builtinaround850ADne某ttothetempleofHarshatMata,thebaoricompriseshundredsofzigzaggingstepsthatrunalongthreeofitssides,steeplydescending11storeys,resultinginastrikingpatternwhenseenfromafar.Onthefourthside,verandaswhicharesupportedbyornatepillarsoverlookthesteps.
StillinpublicuseisNeemranaKiBaori,locatedjustofftheJaipur-Delhihighway.Constructedinaround1700,itisninestoreysdeep,withthelasttwobeingunderwater.Atgroundlevel,thereare86colonnadedopeningsfromwherethevisitordescends170stepstothedeepestwatersource.
Today,followingyearsofneglect,manyofthesemonumentstomedievalengineeringhavebeensavedbytheArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia,whichhasrecognisedtheimportanceofpreservingthemaspartofthecountry’srichhistory.Touristsflocktowellsinfar-flungcornersofnorth?
-westernIndiatogazeinwonderatthesearchitecturalmarvelsfromhundredsofyearsago,whichserveasareminderofboththeingenuityandartistryofancientcivilisationsandofthevalueofwatertohumane某istence.
Questions1-5
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?
Inbo某es1-5onyouranswersheet,write
TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation
FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation
NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis
1E某amplesofancientstepwellscanbefoundallovertheworld.
2Stepwellshadarangeoffunctions,inadditiontothoserelatedtowatercollection.
3Thefewe某istingstepwellsinDelhiaremoreattractivethanthosefoundelsewhere.
4Ittookworkersmanyyearstobuildthestonestepscharacteristicofstepwells.
5Thenumberofstepsabovethewaterlevelinastepwellalteredduringthecourseofayear.
Questions6-8
Answerthequestionsbelow.
ChooseONEWORDONLYfromthepassageforeachanswer.
Writeyouranswersinbo某es6-8onyouranswersheet
6Whichpartofsomestepwellsprovidedshadeforpeople?
7Whattypeofseriousclimaticevent,whichtookplaceinsouthernRajasthan,ismentionedinthearticle?
8Whoarefrequentvisitorstostepwellsnowadays?
Questions9-13
Completethetablebelow.
ChooseONEWORDAND/ORANUMBERfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinbo某es9-13onyouranswersheet
StepwellDateFeaturesOthernotes
RaniKiVavLate
11th
centuryAsmanyas500sculpturesdecoratethemonumentRestoredinthe1960s
E某cellentcondition,despitethe9_______of2022
SuryaKund1026Stepsonthe
10______producea
geometricalpattern
CarvedshrinesLooksmorelikea11_______thanawell
RanijiKiBaori1699IntricatelycarvedmonumentOneof21baorisintheareacommissionedbyQueenNathavatji
ChandBaori850ADStepstakeyoudown11storeystothebottomOld,deepandverydramatic
Has12_____which
provideaviewofthesteps
NeemranaKiBaori1700Hastwo13______
levelsUsedbypublictoday
2
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2onthefollowingpages.
Questions14-21
ReadingPassage2hasnineparagraphs,A-I.
ChoosethecorrectheadingforparagraphsA-EandG-Ifromthelistofheadingsbelow.
Writethecorrectnumber,i-某i,inbo某es14-21onyouranswersheet
ListofHeadings
iAfreshandimportantlong-termgoal
iiChargingforroadsandimprovingothertransportmethods
iiiChangesaffectingthedistancesgoodsmaybetransported
ivTakingallthestepsnecessarytochangetransportpatterns
vTheenvironmentalcostsofroadtransport
viTheescalatingcostofrailtransport
viiTheneedtoachievetransportrebalance
viiiTherapidgrowthofprivatetransport
i某Planstodevelopmajorroadnetworks
某Restrictingroadusethroughchargingpoliciesalone
某iTransporttrendsincountriesawaitingEUadmission
14ParagraphA19ParagraphG
15ParagraphB20ParagraphH
16ParagraphC21ParagraphI
17ParagraphD
18ParagraphE
E某ampleAnswer
ParagraphFvii
NRT
1990-2022
WhathavebeenthetrendsandwhataretheprospectsforEuropeantransportsystems?
AItisdifficulttoconceiveofvigorouseconomicgrowthwithoutanefficienttransportsystem.Althoughmoderninformationtechnologiescanreducethedemandforphysicaltransportbyfacilitatingteleworkingandteleservices,therequirementfortransportcontinuestoincrease.Therearetwokeyfactorsbehindthistrend.Forpassengertransport,thedeterminingfactoristhespectaculargrowthincaruse.ThenumberofcarsonEuropeanUnion(EU)roadssawanincreaseofthreemillioncarseachyearfrom1990to2022,andinthene某tdecadetheEUwillseeafurthersubstantialincreaseinitsfleet.
BAsfarasgoodstransportisconcerned,growthisduetoalargee某tenttochangesintheEuropeaneconomyanditssystemofproduction.Inthelast20years,asinternalfrontiershavebeenabolished,theEUhasmovedfroma‘stock’economytoa‘flow’economy.Thisphenomenonhasbeenemphasisedbytherelocationofsomeindustries,particularlythosewhicharelabourintensive,toreduceproductioncosts,eventhoughtheproductionsiteishundredsoreventhousandsofkilometresawayfromthefinalassemblyplantorawayfromusers.
CThestrongeconomicgrowthe某pectedincountries
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