考研全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx
- 文档编号:30705582
- 上传时间:2023-08-19
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:39
- 大小:122.49KB
考研全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx
《考研全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《考研全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx(39页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
考研全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
2015年全国硕士研究生入一试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Wehavemoregenesincommonwithpeoplewepicktobeourfriendsthanwithstrangers.
Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas"related"asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis1afromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2.
Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.
While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.Asco-authorofthestudyJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiegosays,"Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin."
Theteam9developeda"friendshipscore"whichcanpredictwhowillbeyourfriendbasedontheirgenes.
Thestudyalsofoundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityinolfactorygenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsus11similarenvironmentsbutthereismoretoit.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingintandemthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13"functionalkinship"ofbeingfriendswith14!
Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.
Thefindingsdonotsimplycorroboratepeople's18tobefriendthoseofsimilaret19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamepopulation.Theteamalsocontrolledthedatatocheckancestryofsubjects.
1.[A]what[B]why[C]how[D]when
2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised3.[A]for[B]with[C]by[D]on
4.[A]separated[B]sought[C]compared[D]connected5.[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]examples
6.[A]insignificant[B]unexpected[C]unreliable[D]incredible7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]know[D]seek
8.[A]surpass[B]influence[C]favor[D]resemble9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus
10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like
12.[A]limit[B]observe[C]confuse[D]drive
13.[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith14.[A]chances[B]responses[C]benefits[D]missions
15.[A]faster[B]slower[C]later[D]earlier
16.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]express[D]understand
17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive18.[A]tendency[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]endeavor
19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tell
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartADirections:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsited”kingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.”ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecenetEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.SodoestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?
DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?
TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarized,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove”mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.
Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchscontinuingpopularityasheadsofstate.Andso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.
Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory-andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarmingofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.
Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.
WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.
ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles.Whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.
21.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain
[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport
[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals[C]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals
[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment
22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly
[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality[C]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment
23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?
[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies
[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges
24.TheBritishroyals”havemostoffear”becauseCharles
[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole
25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?
[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined
[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs
[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats.
Text2
JUSTHOWmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?
TheSupremeCourtisonlyjustcomingtogripswiththatquestion.OnTuesday,contentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.
Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughtheeffectsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Evenifthejusticesaretempted,thestateargues,itishardforjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.
ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,thatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.
TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,riflingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheysiftthroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,
financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,meansthatpoliceofficerscouldconceivablyaccessevenmoreinformationwithafewswipesonatouchscreen.
Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.Butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.CitizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.
Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.TheycouldstilltrumpFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,exigentcircumstances,suchasthethreatofimmediateharm,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomoreleeway.
ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessorwhoblogsonThePost’sVolokhConspiracy,theexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:
Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.
26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto
[A]searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.
[B]checksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.
[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.
27.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof
[A]tolerance.[B]indifference.[C]disapproval.
[D]cautiousness.
28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentiscomparableto
[A]gettingintoone’sresidence.
[B]handingone’shistoricalrecords.[C]scanningone’scorrespondences.[D]goingthroughone’swallet.
29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat
[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.
[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.[D]citizens’privacyisnoteffectiveprotected.
30.OrinKerr’scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat
(A)theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.
(B)NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.(C)California’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.(D)PrinciplesoftheConstitutionsho
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 考研 全国硕士研究生 入学 统一 考试 英语试题
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)