maledominated culture.docx
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maledominated culture.docx
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maledominatedculture
AnnalsofCommunicationsAWoman’sPlaceCanSherylSandbergupendSiliconValley’smale-dominatedculture?
byKenAuletta
July11,2011ThreeyearsafterSandbergjoinedFacebook,thecompanyisprofitable.PhotographbyMicheleAsselin.
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JoinalivechatwithKenAulettaaboutSherylSandbergonMonday,July11,at11A.M.E.T.Keywords
In2007,thefounderofFacebook,MarkZuckerberg,knewthatheneededhelp.Hissocial-networksitewasgrowingfast,but,attheageoftwenty-three,hefeltill-equippedtorunit.ThatDecember,hewenttoaChristmaspartyatthehomeofDanRosensweig,aSiliconValleyexecutive,andasheapproachedthehousehesawsomeonewhohadbeenmentionedasapossiblepartner,SherylSandberg,Google’sthirty-eight-year-oldvice-presidentforglobalonlinesalesandoperations.Zuckerberghadn’tcalledherbefore(whywouldsomeonewhomanagedfourthousandemployeeswanttoleaveforacompanythathadbarelyanyrevenue?
),buthewentupandintroducedhimself.“Wetalkedforprobablyanhourbythedoor,”Zuckerbergrecalls.
ItturnedoutthatSandbergwasreadyforanewchallenge.ShehadeventalkedwithDonaldGraham,theC.E.O.ofthetroubledWashingtonPostCompany,aboutbecomingaseniorexecutivethere.Aftertheholidays,Zuckerberge-mailedher,andtheyhadthefirstofmanydinners.TheymetattheFleaStreetCafé,aroundthecornerfromherhomeinAtherton,butthendecidedthattheyneededmoreprivacy.HistinyPaloAltoapartment—whichhadalmostnofurniture—wouldn’twork.SoforsixweekstheymetfordinneronceortwiceaweekatSandberg’ssix-bedroomhome.Sandberg,whogoestobedearlyandstartse-mailingat5A.M.,oftenhadtousherthenocturnalZuckerbergoutatmidnight.“Itwaslikedating,”saysDaveGoldberg,Sandberg’shusbandandtheC.E.O.oftheonlinecompanySurveyMonkey.Sandbergsaystheyaskedeachother,“Whatdoyoubelieve?
Whatdoyoucareabout?
What’sthemission?
Itwasveryphilosophical.”Socialnetworkingseemedtohavebetterprospectsthannewspapersandshedidn’twanttomovetoD.C.,soshegentlyturneddownDonaldGraham.
Thatwinter,SandbergmetwithEricSchmidt,whowasthentheC.E.O.ofGoogle,aboutherdesiretodosomethingelseatthecompany.Heproposedpromotinghertochieffinancialofficer,ajobsherejectedbecauseshedidn’tthinkitgaveherenoughmanagementresponsibility.Sheaskedaboutbecomingthechiefoperatingofficer,butGooglealreadyhadatroikamakingdecisions—Schmidtandthetwofounders,LarryPageandSergeyBrin—andtheydidn’twanttofurthercomplicatethings.
ByFebruaryof2008,ZuckerberghadconcludedthatSandbergwouldbeaperfectfit.“Therearepeoplewhoarereallygoodmanagers,peoplewhocanmanageabigorganization,”hesays.“Andthentherearepeoplewhoareveryanalyticorfocussedonstrategy.Thosetwotypesdon’tusuallytendtobeinthesameperson.Iwouldputmyselfmuchmoreinthelattercamp.”Zuckerbergofferedherthejobofchiefoperatingofficer.
PeopleatGoogletriedtopersuadehertostay,pointingoutthatFacebook’schieffinancialofficerwouldnotreporttoherandthatshewouldnotbeinvitedtojoinitsboardofdirectors.Buteventuallyshetookthejob.Later,SandbergwouldtellpeoplethatFacebookwasacompanydrivenbyinstinctandhumanrelationships.Thepoint,implicitly,wasthatGooglewasnot.Sandbergseemedtohaveinsultedsomeofherformercolleagues.“Shecouldhavehandledherdeparturemorecrisply,”aseniorGoogleofficialsays.
fromtheissuecartoonbanke-mailthisSandbergbeganworkatFacebookinMarch,askingquestionsandlistening.“Shewalkeduptohundredsofpeople’sdesksandinterruptedthemandsaid,‘Hi,I’mSherylSandberg,’”recallsChrisCox,thevice-presidentofproduct,whositsnexttoZuckerberg.“Itwasthisovertgesture,like,‘O.K.,letyourguarddown.I’mnotgoingtoholeupwithMark.I’mgoingtotryandhavearelationshipwithyouguys.’”
Sandbergsetuptwice-a-weekmeetingswithZuckerberg,onMondaymorningsandFridayafternoons.Today,herworkstation,inacavernousroom,isafewfeetawayfromhisandthethreeotherseniorexecutiveswhoshareconnecteddesks:
Cox;MikeSchroepfer,thechiefengineer;andBretTaylor,theC.T.O.“Shebuildstrustbecauseshe’shonest,”Coxsays.“PeoplecanbeintimidatedbyMark.Sheryljustcutsrightthroughthat.”
Zuckerbergsayshe’sgratefulthatSandberg“handlesthingsIdon’twantto,”suchasadvertisingstrategy,hiringandfiring,management,anddealingwithpoliticalissues.“AllthatstuffthatinothercompaniesImighthavetodo.Andshe’smuchbetteratthat.”
WhenSandbergarrivedatFacebook,sheadmits,someinsidershada“senseoftrepidation”abouther.Theywonderedwhethershewastoocorporate,andshewassteppingintoacompany—andaSiliconValleyculture—dominatedbymen.Butherbiggestworry,shesays,wasfinancial.“Therewasthisopenquestion:
Couldwemakemoney,ever?
”Theengineers,asatGoogleadecadeearlierorTwitternow,wereprimarilyinterestedinbuildingareallycoolsite;profits,theyassumed,wouldfollow.Thecompany’smostobviousbusiness—sellingads—seemedproblematic.UsersconsideredtheirFacebookpagestobeprivate;theydidn’twantanadinterruptingthemastheychattedwithfriends.SomepeoplewonderedwhetherFacebookwasjustameteorthat,likeMyspace,wouldcrash.OthersthoughtthatZuckerberg,whowaspainfullyshy,lackedthemanagementskillsnecessaryforsuccess.
SandbergquicklybegantryingtofigureouthowtomakeFacebookabusiness.Shouldthecompanyrelyonadvertising?
One-commerce?
Shoulditchargeasubscriptionfee?
Sheconvenedregularmeetingswithseniorexecutivesfrom6to9P.M.“Igoaroundtheroomandaskpeople,‘Whatdoyouthink?
’”Sandbergsaid.Shewelcomeddebate,particularlyontheissuesofrevenueandadvertising.Bylatespring,everyonehadagreedtorelyonadvertising,withtheadsdiscreetlypresented.By2010,acompanythatwasbleedingcashwhenSandbergarrivedhadbecomeprofitable.Withinthreeyears,Facebookgrewfromahundredandthirtyemployeestotwenty-fivehundred,andfromseventymillionworldwideuserstonearlysevenhundredmillion.
Sandbergwasbornin1969,inWashington,D.C.HerfamilymovedtoNorthMiamiBeachwhenshewastwo.Hermother,Adele,gaveupstudyingforaPh.D.andteachingcollegeFrenchinordertoraiseSherylandhertwoyoungersiblings,DavidandMichelle.Herfather,Joel,isanophthalmologist.Afterarabbiattheirsynagogueaskedforvolunteers,AdeleandJoelhelpedfoundtheSouthFloridaConferenceonSovietJewry.“Adeledidmostofthework,”Joelsays,buthewasthepresident.TheirhomebecameanunofficialheadquartersforSovietJewswantingtoescapeanti-Semitism,andatemporaryhotelformanywhohadfinallywontherighttoemigrate.Onweekends,Adelesays,“weschleppedthekidstorallies.”
TheSandbergchildrenattendedpublicschool,andSherylwasalwaysatthetopofherclass.“Inpublicschools,foragirltobesmartwasnotgoodforyoursociallife,”Adelesays.Shedescribesherdaughteras“amother’shelper,”aidingDavidintyinghisshoesandMichelleintakingabath.Theonlytimesheeverrebelled,Adelerecalls,waswhenshewasinjuniorhighschool.“Onedayshecamehomefromschoolandsaid,‘Mom,wehaveaproblem.You’renotreadytoletmegrowup.’”
“Isaid,‘You’reright.’Theminuteshesaidit,Iknewshewasright.”
SandbergwenttoHarvard,whereshemajoredineconomicsandtookLawrenceSummers’sclassinPublicSectorEconomics.Shedidnotspeakorraiseherhand,butshereceivedthehighestmidtermandfinalgrades.Summersvolunteeredtoserveasherthesisadviser,onhoweconomicinequalitycontributestospousalabuse,andhepromotedagroupcalledWomeninEconomicsandGovernmentthatsheco-founded.Nonetheless,Sandbergclaimsthatshewasnotafeminist.Thegoalofthegroup,shesays,wasjust“togetmorewomentomajoringovernmentandeconomics.”Hermanagementskillswereimpressive.“Whenmoststudentsstarttoorganizethings,thingsfallbetweenthecracks,”Summerssays.“WhenSherylhostedaneconomics-associationreception,everynametagwasright,thefoodwasright,theschedulewasright.”
Sandberggraduatedfirstintheeconomicsdepartment.AtherPhiBetaKappainduction,therewereseparateceremoniesformenandwomen.Athers,awomangaveaspeechcalled“FeelingLikeaFraud.”Duringthetalk,Sandberglookedaroundtheroomandsawpeoplenodding.“IthoughtitwasthebestspeechI’deverheard,”sherecalls.“Ifeltlikethatmywholelife.”Ateverystageofhertimeinschool,Sandbergthought,Ireallyfooledthem.Therewas“zerochance,”sheconcluded,thatthemenintheotherroomfeltthesame.
Sandbergsayssheeventuallyrealizedthatwomen,unlikemen,encounteredtradeoffsbetweensuccessandlikability.Thewomenhadinternalizedself-doubtasaformofself-defense:
peopledon’tlikewomenwhoboastabouttheirachievements.Thesolution,shebegantothink,laywiththewomen.Sheblamedthemmorefortheirinsecuritiesthansheblamedmenfortheirinsensitivityortheirsexism.
InJanuaryof1991,SummersbecamethechiefeconomistattheWorldBank,andthatspringherecruitedSandbergasaresearchassistant.Atthetime,theWorldBankwasdecidingwhethertobailoutRussia.Someoneasked,Summersrecalls,whetherabailoutin1917couldhavesavedthecountryfromseventyyearsofCommunism.HeposedthequestiontoSandberg.“Whatmoststudentswouldhavedone,”hesays,“isgoneofftothelibrary,skimmedsomebooksonRussianhistory,andsaidth
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