Hague Rules.docx
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Hague Rules.docx
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HagueRules
UNITONE
InternationalConventionfortheUnificationofCertainRulesofLawrelatingtoBillsofLading("HagueRules")
(Brussels,25August1924)
Article1
InthisConventionthefollowingwordsareemployedwiththemeaningssetoutbelow:
(a)"Carrier"includestheownerorthechartererwhoentersintoacontractofcarriagewithashipper.
(b)"Contractofcarriage"appliesonlytocontractsofcarriagecoveredbyabillofladingoranysimilardocumentoftitle,insofarassuchdocumentrelatestothecarriageofgoodsbysea,includinganybillofladingoranysimilardocumentasaforesaidissuedunderorpursuanttoacharterpartyfromthemomentatwhichsuchbillofladingorsimilardocumentoftitleregulatestherelationsbetweenacarrierandaholderofthesame.
(c)"Goods"includesgoods,wares,merchandiseandarticlesofeverykindwhatsoeverexceptliveanimalsandcargowhichbythecontractofcarriageinstatedasbeingcarriedondeckandissocarried.
(d)"Ship"meansanyvesselusedforthecarriageofgoodsbysea.
(e)"Carriageofgoods"coverstheperiodfromthetimewhenthegoodsareloadedontothetimetheyaredischargedfromtheship.
Article2
SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle6,undereverycontractofcarriageofgoodsbysea,thecarrier,inrelationtotheloading,handling,stowage,carriage,custody,careanddischargeofsuchgoods,shallbesubjecttotheresponsibilitiesandliabilities,andentitledtotherightsandimmunitieshereinaftersetforth.
Article3
1.Thecarriershallbeboundbeforeandatthebeginningofthevoyagetoexerciseduediligenceto:
(a)Maketheshipseaworthy.
(b)Properlyman,equipandsupplytheship.
(c)Maketheholds,refrigeratingandcoolchambers,andallotherpartsoftheshipinwhichgoodsarecarried,fitandsafefortheirreception,carriageandpreservation.
2.SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle4,thecarriershallproperlyandcarefullyload,handle,stow,carry,keep,carefor,anddischargethegoodscarried.
3.Afterreceivingthegoodsintohischargethecarrierorthemasteroragentofthecarriershall,ondemandoftheshipper,issuetotheshipperabillofladingshowingamongotherthings:
(a)Theleadingmarksnecessaryforidentificationofthegoodsasthesamearefurnishedinwritingbytheshipperbeforetheloadingofsuchgoodsstarts,providedsuchmarksarestampedorotherwiseshownclearlyuponthegoodsifuncovered,oronthecasesorcoveringsinwhichsuchgoodsarecontained,insuchamannerasshouldordinarilyremainlegibleuntiltheendofthevoyage.
(b)Eitherthenumberofpackagesorpieces,orthequantity,orweight,asthecasemaybe,asfurnishedinwritingbytheshipper.
(c)Theapparentorderandconditionofthegoods.
Providedthatnocarrier,masteroragentofthecarriershallbeboundtostateorshowinthebillofladinganymarks,number,quantity,orweightwhichhehasreasonablegroundforsuspectingnotaccuratelytorepresentthegoodsactuallyreceived,orwhichhehashadnoreasonablemeansofchecking.
4.Suchabillofladingshallbeprimafacieevidenceofthereceiptbythecarrierofthegoodsasthereindescribedinaccordancewithparagraph3(a),(b)and(c).
5.Theshippershallbedeemedtohaveguaranteedtothecarriertheaccuracyatthetimeofshipmentofthemarks,number,quantityandweight,asfurnishedbyhim,andtheshippershallindemnitythecarrieragainstallloss,damagesandexpensesarisingorresultingfrominaccuraciesinsuchparticulars.Therightofthecarriertosuchindemnityshallinnowaylimithisresponsibilityandliabilityunderthecontractofcarriagetoanypersonotherthantheshipper.
6.Unlessnoticeoflossordamageandthegeneralnatureofsuchlossordamagebegiveninwritingtothecarrierorhisagentattheportofdischargebeforeoratthetimeoftheremovalofthegoodsintothecustodyofthepersonentitledtodeliverythereofunderthecontractofcarriage,or,ifthelossordamagebenotapparent,withinthreedays,suchremovalshallbeprimafacieevidenceofthedeliverybythecarrierofthegoodsasdescribedinthebilloflading.
Ifthelossordamageisnotapparent,thenoticemustbegivenwithinthreedaysofthedeliveryofthegoods.
Thenoticeinwritingneednotbegivenifthestateofthegoodshas,atthetimeoftheirreceipt,beenthesubjectofjointsurveyorinspection.
Inanyeventthecarrierandtheshipshallbedischargedfromallliabilityinrespectoflossordamageunlesssuitisbroughtwithinoneyearafterdeliveryofthegoodsorthedatewhenthegoodsshouldhavebeendelivered.
Inthecaseofanyactualorapprehendedlossordamagethecarrierandthereceivershallgiveallreasonablefacilitiestoeachotherforinspectingandtallyingthegoods.
7.Afterthegoodsareloadedthebillofladingtobeissuedbythecarrier,master,oragentofthecarrier,totheshippershall,iftheshippersodemands,bea"shipped"billoflading,providedthatiftheshippershallhavepreviouslytakenupanydocumentoftitletosuchgoods,heshallsurrenderthesameasagainsttheissueofthe"shipped"billoflading,butattheoptionofthecarriersuchdocumentoftitlemaybenotedattheportofshipmentbythecarrier,master,oragentwiththenameornamesoftheshiporshipsuponwhichthegoodshavebeenshippedandthedateordatesofshipment,andwhensonoted,ifitshowstheparticularsmentionedinparagraph3ofArticle3,shallforthepurposeofthisArticlebedeemedtoconstitutea"shipped"billoflading.
8.Anyclause,covenant,oragreementinacontractofcarriagerelievingthecarrierortheshipfromliabilityforlossordamageto,orinconnexionwith,goodsarisingfromnegligence,fault,orfailureinthedutiesandobligationsprovidedinthisArticleorlesseningsuchliabilityotherwisethanasprovidedinthisConvention,shallbenullandvoidandofnoeffect.Abenefitofinsuranceinfavourofthecarrierorsimilarclauseshallbedeemedtobeaclauserelievingthecarrierfromliability.
Article4
1.Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallbeliableforlossordamagearisingorresultingfromunseaworthinessunlesscausedbywantofduediligenceonthepartofthecarriertomaketheshipseaworthyandtosecurethattheshipisproperlymanned,equippedandsupplied,andtomaketheholds,refrigeratingandcoolchambersandallotherpartsoftheshipinwhichgoodsarecarriedfitandsafefortheirreception,carriageandpreservationinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofparagraph1ofArticle3.WheneverlossordamagehasresultedfromunseaworthinesstheburdenofprovingtheexerciseofduediligenceshallbeonthecarrierorotherpersonclaimingexemptionunderthisArticle.
2.Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallberesponsibleforlossordamagearisingorresultingfrom:
(a)Act,neglect,ordefaultofthemaster,mariner,pilot,ortheservantsofthecarrierinthenavigationorinthemanagementoftheship.
(b)Fire,unlesscausedbytheactualfaultorprivityofthecarrier.
(c)Perils,dangersandaccidentsoftheseaorothernavigablewaters.
(d)ActofGod.
(e)Actofwar.
(f)Actofpublicenemies.
(g)Arrestorrestraintorprinces,rulersorpeople,orseizureunderlegalprocess.
(h)Quarantinerestrictions.
(i)Actoromissionoftheshipperorownerofthegoods,hisagentorrepresentative.
(j)Strikesorlockoutsorstoppageorrestraintoflabourfromwhatevercause,whetherpartialorgeneral.
(k)Riotsandcivilcommotions.
(l)Savingorattemptingtosavelifeorpropertyatsea.
(m)Wastageinbulkorweightoranyotherlossordamagearisingfrominherentdefect,qualityorviceofthegoods.
(n)Insufficiencyofpacking.
(o)Insufficiencyorinadequacyofmarks.
(p)Latentdefectsnotdiscoverablebyduediligence.
(q)Anyothercausearisingwithouttheactualfaultorprivityofthecarrier,orwithouttheactualfaultorneglectoftheagentsorservantsofthecarrier,buttheburdenofproofshallbeonthepersonclaimingthebenefitofthisexceptiontoshowthatneithertheactualfaultorprivityofthecarriernorthefaultorneglectoftheagentsorservantsofthecarriercontributedtothelossordamage.
3.Theshippershallnotberesponsibleforlossordamagesustainedbythecarrierortheshiparisingorresultingfromanycausewithouttheact,faultorneglectoftheshipper,hisagentsorhisservants.
4.AnydeviationinsavingorattemptingtosavelifeorpropertyatseaoranyreasonabledeviationshallnotbedeemedtobeaninfringementorbreachofthisConventionorofthecontractofcarriage,andthecarriershallnotbeliableforanylossordamageresultingtherefrom.
5.Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallinanyeventbeorbecomeliableforanylossordamagetoorinconnexionwithgoodsinanamountexceeding100poundssterlingperpackageorunit,ortheequivalentofthatsuminothercurrencyunlessthenatureandvalueofsuchgoodshavebeendeclaredbytheshipperbeforeshipmentandinsertedinthebilloflading.
Thisdeclarationifembodiedinthebillofladingshallbeprimafacieevidence,butshallnotbebindingorconclusiveonthecarrier.
Byagreementbetweenthecarrier,masteroragentofthecarrierandtheshipperanothermaximumamountthanthatmentionedinthisparagraphmaybefixed,providedthatsuchmaximumshallnotbelessthanthefigureabovenamed.
Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallberesponsibleinanyeventforlossordamageto,orinconnexionwith,goodsifthenatureorvaluethereofhasbeenknowinglymisstatedbytheshipperinthebillofladin
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