附录.docx
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附录
附录一:
Geologicalcharacteristicsandmetallogenicprognosis
ofmaingolddepositinAltaigoldorebelt,Xinjiang
SHENYuan-chao,SHENPing,ZHENGQing-dong,LIUTie-bing,LIGuang-ming
(InstituteofGeologyandGeophysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100029,China)
Abstract;Altaipolymetallicmineralizationbeltisfamouscopper-polymetallicmineralizationbeltintheworld.TherearealotofgolddepositsintheAltaiorebeltinXinjiang,China.Thesegolddepositsbelongtotwogenetictypes:
volcanogenelate-stagehydrothermaltypeandfracturedalteredrocktype.TheauthorsdiscussmainlythegeologicalandmineralizedfeaturesoffracturedalteredrocktypeofgolddepositsinAltaigoldorebelt.Baseonthisstudy,themetallogeniclawissummarizedandthedeepmetallogenicprognosishasbeendoneinDuolanasayiandTuokuzibayigolddeposits,andsomemineralizedanomalyshavebeendiscovered.
Keywords;Altaigoldorebelt;mineralizationlaw;metallogenicprognosis;EH-4measurementofcontinuouselectricalconductivity;mineralizedanomaly;golddeposit
Altaipolymetallicmineralizationbelt,locatedmainlyinHasakesitan,stretchedtoAltaiareainthenorthofXingjiang,China,isafamouscopper-poly-metallicmineralizationbeltintheworld.Theorebeltis900krnlong,containingabout1200golddeposits.Inearly1990's,ShenY.C.leadedtheChina-RussianexpeditionaryteamtoinvestigatetheminingareaAltaiinRussia.AfterthentheauthorsconsideredtheHaba-he-FuyundistrictofXinjiangastheminingareaAltaiwithinChina,butbothofthemisdifferentinsamedegree.TheAltargoldorebeltismainlygolddeposits,whilecopperdepositsaresecondary,suchastheAshelecopperdeposit.SotheauthorsnameditasAltaigoldorebelt.
Since1985,manygolddepositshavebeenfoundoutintheAltaigoldorebelt(Fig.l).Thesegolddepositsareclassifiedastwogenetictypes:
valcanogeniclate-stagehydrothermaltypeandfracturedalteredrocktype.ThefarmerincludesKuoerzhenkuolaandBuerkesidaigolddeposits,locatedinSawuermountainofthesouthofAltai;thelatterincludesDuolanasayiandTuokuzibayigolddeposits,locatedinthewestofAltai.
1RegionalgeologyandthebackgroundoftectonicsofAltaigoldmineralizationbelt
TheAltaigoldorebeltislocatedinthebeltoftransitionbetweenSiberiaPlateandKazakhstan-ZhungeerPlate(Fig.1).DuringHercynianage,ZhungeerPlatesubductedunderSiberiaPlate,whichcausedtheformationofthetrench(Wulungu)-arc(Kalatongke)-basin(Kelan)system.Thevolcanogeniclate-stagehydrothermaltypeofgolddepositslocatesinintermediatevolcanicrockofCarboniferousinKalatongkeislandarc.ThefracturedalteredrocktypeofgolddepositslocatesinclasticrockofLowerDevonianinKelanback-arcbasin.MagmaisactivefrequentlyintheAlrtaigoldbeltinwhichthereareseveraltypesoftheintrusiverock,suchastheHabaherockmassandDuolanasayirockmass(Fig.2).
2Geologicalfeatureofthetypicalgolddeposits
ThegeologicalfeaturesoffracturedalteredrocktypeofgolddepositsareshowedintheTable1.Basedontheobservationandstudyinthefieldwork,themainlfeaturesofthemare:
boththefaultandlate-stageintrusionrockmasscontroltheformationanddistributionofgolddeposits(Fig.2).
Fig.1GeologicalsketchoftheAlrtaimineralizationbelt
(modifiedbydocument)
Fault:
①Wulungu,②thesouthofEerqisi,③Habahe,④Eerqisi,
⑤Hongshanzui,⑥Saerbulake,⑦Maerkakuli;IWulungutrench,
IIKalatongkearc,ⅢKelanbasin,ⅣmagmaticarcofKeketuohai,
VFaultbasinofNuoerte;Golddeposit:
l-Kuoerzhenkuola;
2-Buerkesidai;3-Duolanasayi;4-Tuokuzibayi;5-Saerbulake;
6-Kekesayi
Fig.2GeologicalsketchoftheDuolanasayi-Tuokuzibayigolddeposits
(modifiedbydocument)
Fault:
①Maerkakuli;②DuolanasayisecondaryfaultofMaerkakuli
3Metallogeniclaw
ThetectonicandmagmaactstronglyintheAltaigoldbeltparticularlyinthewestpart,wherethescaleofthetectonicactivityislargerthanthatintheeast;thevolcaniceruptionandmagmaticintrusionactfrequently.sothatthespaceofstructureaspassagewayandhostfororefluidiswide,whichreducesthedeepfluidtomigrateup.Ontheotherhand,therockmasscanprovidetheheatthatthemineralizationneeds.Therefore,inthewestoftheAltaigoldbelt,geologicalconditionforforminglargegolddepositsisfavorable.ButintheeastoftheAltaigoldbelt,thetectonicand
magmaactweakly,andgeologicalconditionforforminggolddepositsisunfavorable.Inshort,metallo-tectonicsoftheAltaigoldbelthavethefeatureofdivergenceinthewestandconvergenceintheeast;correspondingly,thescalesoftheoredepositshavetheregulationofswellinthewestandshrinkageintheeast.Somelargegolddepositsoccurinthewest,suchastheDuolanasayi,TuokuzibayiandSaerbulakegolddeposits.
ThetypeofmineralizationintheAltaigoldbelthashorizontalzoning.hthewestoftheAltaigoldbelt,thecopperdepositslocateinthewest(e,g.theAshelecopperdeposit)andthegolddepositslocateintheeast,e.g.thegolddepositsofTuokuzibayiinthesoutheastoftheAshelfor24km(Fig.2).TherearesomecopperorespotsexistbetweenthecopperdepositsofAsheleandthegolddepositsofTuokuzibayi.Generally,thetypeofmineralizationhasalsoverticalzoningthatthegolddepositslocateintheupperandcopperdepositsinthelower.Therefore,thecopperdepositshouldoccurinthedeepofTuokuzibayigolddeposit.Themeasurementofdeepgeophysicshasconfirmedit.
Asmentionedabove,themetallo-tectonicfeatureoftheAltaigoldbeltisofdivergenceinthewestandconvergenceintheeast;thescalesoftheoredepositshavethelawofswellinthewestandshrinkageintheeast.Butallofthestructurezoneinthewesthasnothegoldmineralizationinexistence.Thegoldmineralizationjustexistinthespecialstructuralplaceswherethemagmaticrockbodydevelopes.Thefunctionoftheserockbodiesforgoldmineralizationisasfollows:
①thewall-rocksarecrashedintheprocessoftherockbodyintrusion,sothatthefaultis.aroundtherockbodycomplexs,andformsfavorablestructureaspassagewayandhostforore-formingfluid;②therockbodycanprovideenergyandore-formingfluidandore-formingmaterialsforformationofthegolddeposit.
Table1MaingeologicalfeaturesofthetypicaldepositsinAltaigoldmineralizationbelt
Nameofdeposits
Duolanasayi
Tuokuzibayi
Geographicalposition
Tectonicposition
Hoststratum
Geologicalfeature
ofthebody
North-west52kmofHabahecounty
SecondfaultofthewestinMalakakulifault-Duolanasayifault
elasticrock-carbonateintheTuokesaleigroupofmiddleDevonian;thedirecthostrockisthecontactzonebetweenlimestoneandphylliteneartothephyllite.
Theorebelt,4000mlongby200-500mwide,ismadeupofseveraloreveins.Eachveinisirregular,branchedandcomp-ounded,therelationshipoftheveinandwall-rockistransiti-
onal.Theoccurenceofveinis280°~290°<60°-800°.
East181kmofHabaheCounty
SecondfaultoftheeastinMalakakulifaulttuokuzibayifault
weakmetamorphicclasticrockintheTuokesaleiandAlrtaigroupofmiddleDevonian;thedirecthostrockisthe
phyllite.
Theorebeltis6000mlongby10--100mwide,ismadeupoffouroreblocks.Eachveinistabularandvein,therelationshipoftheveinandwall-rockistransitional.The
occurenceofveinis240°~250°<75°~84°.
DeformationoforeStronglydeformation,theorebodylocatesdeformationstronglyoffaultzone.
TypeofmineralizationThealteredrocktypeoforebodyismain,thequartzveintypeoforebodyisverysmall.Oreisquartz-sulfidetypeofore.
Alterationofwall-rockThewall-rockisalteredstrongly,suchassilication,pyritization,sericitization,chloritization
Forexample,themetallo-tectonicintheDuolanasayigolddepositisDuolanasayifault.Thefaultshowsnorth-westextensionintheearlystageoftectonicactivity,andthen,theDuolanasayiquartzdioriteintrudedintotheEarth'ssurface,thetrendofthefaultchangesandshowsnearlynorth-southtrend.Themetalto-tectonicintheTuokuzibayigolddepositisTuokuzvibayifaultwhichisductileshearfractureintheearlyoftectonicactivity,afterthat,theHabaheplagiograniiteintrudedintotl'ieductileshearfracturezone,thequalityofthefracturechangedintobrittle-ductile.Thebrittle-ductilefracturecontrolstheformationoftheTuolmzibayigolddeposit.Basedonthisstudy,weconsiderthattheformationofthefracturedalteredrocktypeofgolddepositsiscontrolledbytherockmassandthefaultnearbytherockmass;theorebodyoccursinthepartialswellingplacesoffault..
4Metallogenicprognosis
Thesyntheticalstudyshowsthattherearefavorableconditionsofmineralizationforminglarge-scaledepositsinHabahedistrictofthewestintheAltaigoldorebelt.Thescaleofmineralizationoftheseknowngolddepositsarelarge,andthealterationofwall-rockisstrong.Butthestudyandexplorationforgolddepositsareweak.Theknowncontrollingdepthoftheorebodiiesisaboutabove200一300m,andtheoxidizedoreintheEarth’ssurfacehadbeenexhausted,butthereisfavorableprospect.Therefore,themetallogenicprognosisforthedeeporebodymustbecarriedout.
Usingdeepgeophysicalmethod,suchasEH-4measurementofcontinuouselectricalconductivity,wehavestudiedtheshapeandoccurrenceoforebodyinthedepth.TheEH-4measuringsystemisproducedbybothGEOMETRICSCompanyandEMICompany.Itisauniquemagnetitelluricsystemusedformeasuringtheelectricalresistivityoftheearthoverdepthrangesofafewmeterstogreaterthanonekilometer.Itconsistsoftwobasiccomponents:
areceiveran
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