综合英语二 Book 2 Unit 5 Teachers Book.docx
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综合英语二 Book 2 Unit 5 Teachers Book.docx
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综合英语二Book2Unit5TeachersBook
UNIT5
Animals
IDefiningandclassifyinganimals
Summaryoftaskfunctions&teachingfocus
Task
Taskfunction
Teachingfocus
Classifyinganimals—pairwork
Priming
•SsactivatetheircurrentknowledgeaboutanimalnamesinEnglish,animalbodyparts,andanimalcategorization.
Theanimalkingdom—reading
Target
•Sspractisereadingencyclopaediatextsforspecificinformationandusingtheinformationtomakeinferences.
Languagework
Linguisticanalysis
•Sspractisewritingformalandextendeddefinitionsofanimals.
Whichcategoriesdotheseanimalsbelongto?
—groupwork
Consolidation
•Ssidentifyanimalcategoriesandanimalcharacteristics.
Suggestionsfortaskadministration
1.HowmanyanimalnamesinEnglishdoyouknow?
—listing
✶Suggesttossthattheymayusethefollowingsentencepatternswhilereportingtheirlists:
Thereare___________(number)itemsinourlist.
Wehavelisted________________(number)animals.
2.Classifyinganimals
✶Remindssthattheyshouldfirstspecifytheircriteriaforclassificationbywritingthemdownonapieceofpaper.
✶Ssmayfindthefollowingsentencesusefulinthediscussion.
Ithinkthelistedanimalscanbedividedintowildanimalsanddomesticanimals.
WecangrouptheanimalsonthelistintoXcategories,whichare…
✶Ssmayclassifytheirlistedanimalsintomammals,pets,bigorsmallanimals,wildordomesticatedanimals.Encouragethemtothinkofasmanyclassificationcriteriaaspossible.
✶Whennominatingsstopresenttheircategorization,askthemtofirstexplainthecriteriatheyhaveadopted,andthereasonsforthecriteria.
3.Describinganimals
✶Asksstoobservetheimagesofthetableandthinkaboutwhatanimalspossessthosebodyparts.
✶Askssthefollowingquestionswhichcouldhelptheminternalizethevocabulary:
Whatisthedifferencebetweenahornandanantler?
Whatisthedifferencebetweenatuskandatooth?
Whatisthedifferencebetweenfur,hair,woolandskin?
Whatisthedifferencebetweenfeathersandscales?
Whatisthedifferencebetweenaclaw,apaw,andhoof?
Referencekey:
1
3)Arobin/duck/penguin/batisananimalwithwings.
4)A(n)antelope/deer/bull/rhino/sheephashorns.
5)Deer,rhinosandgoatshaveantlers.
6)Rabbits,miceandraccoonsareanimalswithfurs.
7)Thebodiesoflobsters,turtles,crabsandsnailsarecoveredwithshell.
8)Bothfishandyoungamphibiansbreathewiththeirgills.
1.Identifyinggeneralfeaturesofanimals—pairwork
✶Makesurethatthepairfinishestheirassignedreadingsfirst,thentheyneedtotransfertheinformationtheyhaveobtainedfromtheirreadingtofillthetableasmuchastheycan.
Key:
1
Theanimalkingdom
vertebratesinvertebrates
mammalsbirdsreptilesamphibiansfishinsectsotherinvertebrates
2
Vertebrates
Invertebrates
Mammals
Reptiles
Birds
Fish
Amphibians
Insects
Otherinvertebrates
Backbone
√
√
√
√
√
×
×
Lung
√
√
√
×
√laterphase
×
×
Gills
×
×
×
√
√earlyphase
×
×
Limbs/
Legs
four
somehavefour,somewithout
two
havefinsinstead
four
six
somehavenolimbs,somehaveavariednumberoflimbs
Wings
×
×
two
×
×
somehavewingsincertainphaseoflife
×
Blood
warm-blooded
cold-blooded
warm-blooded
cold-blooded
cold-blooded
cold-blooded
cold-blooded
Bodycovering
hair
scales
feathers
usuallyhavescales
skin
skin
skinorshell
Otherfeatures
(1)Mostliveonland,someinwater.
(2)Theyoungarebornliveandfeedonmilkofthefemaleparent.
(1)creeporcrawl
(2)shortlegs
(3)layeggs
(1)Mostbirdscanfly.
(2)layeggs
(1)liveinwater
(2)layeggs
(1)livepartlyinwater&partlyonland
(2)layeggs
(1)Mosthaveantennae.
(2)layeggs
(1)Someliveonland,someinwater.
(2)Somehaveasoftbody,somehaveshell.
3
1)Abirdisawarm-blooded,egg-laying,fleshandgrasseatinganimalwithabackbone.Itsbodyiscoveredwithfeathers.Birdshavetwolegsandtwowings.Somebirdsdon’tfly,forinstancepenguins.
2)Afishisacold-blooded,egg-laying,fleshandgrasseatinganimalwithabackbone,livinginwaterandhavinggillsforbreathing.Ithasfinsinsteadoflimbsandusuallyscalesonitsbody.Theseal,thewhaleandthedolphinareallmammals,althoughtheyallliveinwater.
3)Anamphibianisscalelessandhasskins,whileareptilehasscales.Intheearlierphaseofanamphibian’slife,itbreatheswithgillsandlivesinwater,butlateritsgillsdevelopintolungsanditbeginstoliveonland.Incontrast,areptilehasnogills;itbreathesbylungs.Seaturtlesarereptiles.Theyneverhavegills.
4)Aspiderisnotaninsect,becauseithaseightlegsinsteadofsix.Snailsarenotinsectseither.Theydon’thavesixlegs.Theyallbelongtootherinvertebrates.
2.Whatarethenewly-discoveredvertebrates?
—makinginferences
✶Ssareencouragedtodiscussingroupsof3or4.
✶Ssmayfindthefollowingexpressionsusefulinmakingtheinference:
IthinkAis…
Aisprobably…
Amay/might/couldbe…
✶Off-classresearchisalsoencouragedifsscannotagreewitheachotherontheinferences.
Referencekey:
Group
Example(s)
A
probablyamammal
whale,dolphinetc
B
probablyareptile
snake,cobraetc
C
maybeabird
eagle,hummingbirdetc
D
couldbeanamphibian
frog,salamanderetc
Writingdefinitions
✶Afterssreadtheintroductiontothewritingofformaldefinition,askthemtodefinetheconceptofeducationusingthepattern.
✶Nominatesomesstoreporttheirdefinitions,andpointoutthecommonproblemsthatthesedefinitionshave.Thismaynaturallyleadtothementionofthedifferencesbetweenexclusiveandinclusivedefinitions.Thefollowingnotesareforyourreference.
✶Whenwritinganextendeddefinition,ssshouldberemindedthatthetechniquesmentionedintheStudent’sBookareoptional,i.e.theydon’thavetouseallthetechniquesatthesametime.
Notes:
•ThekindofdefinitionsshavetowritehereisquitedifferentfromthekindofdefinitiontheyhavestudiedandlearnedtowriteinUnit4—thedefinitionofeducation.InUnit4,althougheducationinfacthasmanymeaningsorfeaturesandonecanhavemanydifferentdefinitionsofeducation,eachdefinitiongiveninUnit4focusesononlyoneofitsmeaningsorfeatures,andexcludesalltheothers.Thismaybecalledanexclusivedefinitionorone-ideadefinition.Thusinwritingadefinitionofeducationtheprocedureis:
1.Decidewhichoneofthefeatures(orideas)ofeducationyouwanttofocuson.
2.Writeyourdefinitionbydescribingthisparticularfeatureordevelopingthisparticularidea,whileleavingoutwhateverotherfeaturesorideastheremaybe.
•Withdefinitionsofanimalsorclassesofanimals,itisquiteadifferentmatter.Ananimaloraclassofanimalhasatleastseveralimportantdistinguishingfeatures.Ingivingitadefinitionyouneedtoincludealltheseimportantfeatures.Youcannotjustfocusononeandleaveouttheothers.Wemaycallthiskindofdefinitionaninclusivedefinitionormulti-ideadefinition.So,inwritingadefinitionofaclassofanimaltheprocedureis:
1.Bringupalltheimportantdistinguishingfeaturesoftheclassofanimalyouwanttodefine.
2.Writeyourdefinitionbydescribingthesefeaturesorexpressingtheseideas,takingcarenottoleaveoutany.
•Themostcommonformofanexclusivedefinition,isthebasicsentencepattern“S(subject)+V
(copularverb)+C(complement)”,e.g.Educationistodiscipline.Thedefinitioncangenerallybeconfinedtoonesinglesentence.
•Theinclusivedefinitioncallsforamoreexpandedpattern.Themaintrunkofthedefinitionusuallyfollowsthesame“S+V+C”pattern,usingthecopularverbtobetointroducethemostbasicideaofthedefinition,e.g.AmammalisananimalorMammalsareanimals.Then,sinceyouhavemanyideasorfeaturesthatyouwanttoaddtothedefinition,youneedtoattachthemasbranchestothetrunk.
•Therearedifferentwaysofattachingafeaturetoadefinitiontrunk.Themostcommonare:
(1)byreducingittoanadjective(e.g.cold-blooded,egg-laying)oraparticiple(e.g.livinginwater);
(2)byusingtheverbtohave(e.g.have/hasgillsandnolungs);(3)byusingtheprepositionwithorwithout(e.g.with/withoutwings),(4)byusingtherelativewhich/that/who/whose(e.g.whichlive/livesonland).Theabovearemeansbywhichyoucanattachthefeaturestothemaindefinitionsentence.Butsometimesyoumaydescribeafeaturebywritingaseparatesentence,especiallywhenthisfeatureappliesonlytopartoftheclassandnottheentireclass(e.g.Somehavefourlimbs,whilesomehavenone.),orwhenthedescriptionofthisfeaturecallsfortheuseofanotherverb(e.g.Theycanfly.).
•Meanwhile,inwritinganinclusivedefinitionwhichincludesmanyfeatures,youmusttrytoarrangethefeaturesinsomesortoflogicalorder,i.e.themostimportantfeaturesshouldcomefirst,andthosethatarerelatedinmeaning(forinstance,allthefeaturesthathavetodowithpartsofthebody)shouldcometogether.And,eventhoughthedefinitionincludesmanyideas,trytomakeitasneatandasconciseaspossible.
Referencekey:
1
1)Apenguinisablackandwhiteseabirdwhichcannotflybutusesitssmallwingstohelpitswim.
2)Acatisasmallanimalwithsoftfurthatpeopleoftenkeepasapet.
3)Afishisananimalthatlivesitswholelifeinwater.
4)Amosquitoisasmallflyinginsectthatbitespeopleandanimals,andsuckstheirblood.
2
1)ApenguinisablackandwhiteseabirdthatlivesintheAntarctic.
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