江苏专用高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 9 词句猜测代词指代题优选习题.docx
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江苏专用高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 9 词句猜测代词指代题优选习题.docx
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江苏专用高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破9词句猜测代词指代题优选习题
九、词句猜测——代词指代题
(2018·常州期末)
GPStechnologyisoneofthelatestandgreatestdevelopmentswithinthecommunicationsworld.Alsoknownasa“globalpositioningsystem”,thistechnologyworksoffofradiosignalssentoutbysatellitesinspace.Sinceacellphonealreadyworkslikeatwo-wayradiowhencommunicatingwithcelltowers,theGPScapabilitysimplyextendstheradiosignalreachtospacesatellites.Phonesequippedwithfull-featuredcapabilitiesworkoffofJava-basedradiosignalsandhavedatabaseaccesstotheirproviders’systemforotherdatalikemappingandvoices.Locationtracking,andgivingdirectionstoandfromdestinationsaresomeofthemorecommonusesforthistechnology.
GPSnavigationalsystemsaresupportedbyanetworkof27satellites.ThesesatellitesorbittheEarthincyclicpatterns24hoursaday.Atanygiventime,aminimumoffoursatellitessignalsisaccessibletoanyonepointonEarth.Wheneverareceiverdeviceisactivated,radiowaveswithcodedmessagesaresentouttoit.Thisishowsatellitesknowtostarttrackingthedevice.Areceiver’sexactlocationisdeterminedthroughaprocesscalledtrilateration(三边测量法)wherethreesatellitesworktogethertonarrowdownpossiblelocationpoints.Afourthsatelliteisneededifthereceiverisn’tonthegroundandaltitudeiswantedaswell.Distancecalculationsaremadebasedonhowlongittakestheradiosignalstotravelbackandforthbetweenreceiverandsatellites.Themappingcapabilitiesaredisplayedonthephone’sscreenviathecellprovider’sdatabase.
AsaGPSdeviceneedstodoallkindsofcalculationsondifferentdatafromsatellitesandprovider’sdatabase,itconsumestime.SoitcantakequiteafewsecondsforaregularGPStoworkoutaplan.AnassistedGPScanhelpsolvetheproblem.Itisanimprovedtechnologythatusesacellnetwork’sAssistanceServerwhichisconnectedtoareferencenetworksuchastheInternet.Throughtheuseofcelltowers,aphonerelayssatellitesignalinformationtotheservers.TheseserversareabletoprocessincomingdataatmuchhigherratesthanGPSreceivers,soinformationisprocessedquicker,andistypicallymoreaccurate.
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“their”referto?
A.Satellites’.B.Phones’.
C.Signals’.D.Capabilities’.
答案 B
解析 代词指代题。
这个句子涉及到长难句的分析,equippedwith...作为定语修饰phones,and连接两个并列的谓语,一个是workoff,一个是have,所以and后面的句子其实是phoneshavedatabaseaccesstotheirproviders’system...,即their指代“手机的”。
2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheinformationinthetext?
A.PhoneGPSisanewtechnologyunrelatedtoacellphone’soriginalfunctions.
B.AmobilephoneworksasasignalreceiverandprocessorinphoneGPSsystem.
C.Eachmobilephoneisassignedfourfixedsatellitesfortheircodedmessages.
D.Mappingcapabilitiesanddistancecalculationsareaffectedbythespeedofradiosignals.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
根据最后一段最后两句可知,手机在GPS系统中的作用为信号的接收者和加工者。
故选B。
3.WhatdoweknowabouttheAssistanceServerintheAssistedGPS?
A.ItcanspeedupcalculatingprocessofaregularGPSreceiver.
B.ItispartofthecellnetworkdirectlyconnectedtotheInternetandthephone.
C.Ithasabetterfunctioningperformanceinprocessingreceivedradiosignals.
D.IthelpstheAssistedGPStoreceivedifferentdatamoreaccuratelyinbadconditions.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据最后一段前三句可知,GPS设备需要对来自卫星和供应商数据库的数据进行各种计算,它需要耗费时间,而辅助服务器帮助解决了这个问题,因此可以说它在处理接收到的信号这一功能上表现更好。
一、题型解读
代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多,动作转换频繁的语境中,考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。
有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。
设问形式常有:
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which...”referto?
2.Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which...”inParagraph...refersto.
二、解题技巧——“就近原则”判指代
第一步:
明确代词所指代内容的位置
代词永远出现在原词之后,故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中,或者前几句中。
第二步:
熟悉代词的含义
1.it/this/that可指代一件事。
2.it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。
3.which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词,非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。
第三步:
替换核实再比较
1.用所找的指代内容替换画线代词,核实句意是否合理,前后内容是否一致。
2.比较所指代部分与选项,确定意思最接近的选项。
例如:
【感悟体会】中1题,画线单词所在的句子为“Phonesequippedwithfull-featuredcapabilitiesworkoffofJava-basedradiosignalsandhavedatabaseaccesstotheirproviders’...”可知整个句子的主语是Phones,故their就相当于Phones’。
A
(2018·河南新乡二模)
Throughoutthepastfewyears,Ihavetriedtogivemyselftoothers.IhavebouncedaroundtofindwhereItrulyfitin.IfoundmyplacewhileIstayedinGuatemala,anorphanage(孤儿院),withthechildrenlivingthere.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives,Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasn’tessential:
7makeupandanyothersortofluxury(奢侈品).Ilivedliketheydid.Itwasthemostrelaxingfeelingintheworld.
WhenatNuestrosPequenosHermanos,weweregiventhetaskofcreatingapig8pen.Atfirst,Ithoughtitshouldbeeasy.Afterarrivingattheareawherethepigpenshouldbe,wesawahill.Weweretoldto1uproottheweedsaswellasleveltheentirearea.Lookingatit,wefeltitwouldbeimpossible.Onmyownfaithjourney,Ihavefeltthistypeofdoubtbefore.The“hole”,aswereferredto,isasymbolofmyfaithjourney.Itappearedtobean2obstacleIcouldnotovercome,butintheendIcompleteditwithefforts.Ifeelthispigpenwasn’teasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.
I’vealwaysstruggledtobeonajourneyoffaith,butI’venevercompletelysteppedfootontothepathuntilGuatemala.I’vealwaystriedtoopenmyhearttoeveryonearoundmeandgivethemmylove.IfeelasthoughIcutopenmyheartandshareeverybitofloveIhadwiththeseorphans.ThereisoneorphannamedCetowhowillalwaysremainveryclosetomyheart.InGuatemala,Isponsorwiththirtydollarsamonth,butitdoesn’tseemenough.I’llreturntherenextsummerandgivemoreofmyloveforawholemonth.
Whenitwastimetoleave,Ilookedoutofthewindowandsawnotjustordinarychildren.Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。
文章主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间,改变了自己的生活,从而改变了自己的人生。
1.Whatresultedintheauthor’sdecisiontoliveanewlife?
A.Desiretohelpothers.
B.Decreaseinhisincome.
C.Aknowledgeoftheorphans’life.
D.Awarenessofthedifficultyinhislife.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“IfoundmyplacewhileIstayedinGuatemala,anorphanage(孤儿院),withthechildrenlivingthere.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives,Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasn’tessential”可知,作者了解到孤儿的生活之后,决定改变自己的生活。
故选C。
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?
A.Removingthedoubt.
B.Uprootingtheweed.
C.Startingthefaithjourney.
D.Creatingthepigpen.
答案 D
解析 代词指代题。
根据画线词后面的“Ifeelthispigpenwasn’teasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.”可以猜测出,it代指建造猪圈这件事。
故选D。
3.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofhisexperienceinGuatemala?
A.Itwasregretful.
B.Itwasmeaningful.
C.Itwasinteresting.
D.Itwasfrightening.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出,作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。
故选B。
4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?
A.AStepintoaNewWorld
B.AnAwfulFaithJourney
C.AGreatSuccessinLife
D.AReturnofConfidence
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。
根据最后一段中的“Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出,在危地马拉期间,作者改变了自己的生活,从而改变了人生。
故用AStepintoaNewWorld作为本文的标题最佳。
故选A。
B
(2018·内蒙古包头一模)
Vinegarisgreat.Itmakessalad,friesanddumplingstastebetter,andyoucanevencleanyourwindowswithit.Andnow,accordingtoscientists,itmayevenhelptheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience(CSRS)inJapanprovedthat.Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture,worriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworld’ssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.
ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsis,aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions,itproducedachemicalcalledacetate(醋酸盐)—themain3componentofvinegar.
Afterdiscoveringthis,thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplantsbeforetheystoppedgivingthemwatercompletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days,theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived,whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.
It’shopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive.“Intheexperiment,wetargetedthe4staplefoodsoftheworld—rice,wheatandmaize...andprovedsuccessful,”JongMyongKim,co-authorofthestudy,toldPopularSciencemagazine.
Kimhasalreadybeenintouchwithpeoplearoundtheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromfarmerstocompaniesand5amateurgardeners.“Nowwearetryingtocooperatewiththemtomakeamethodtoapplythissystem,andmaketheprocessassimpleaspossible,”hesaid.Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefuture.
语篇解读 本文是一篇科普类文章。
文章主要介绍了日本科学家们近期发现了一个有意思的现象:
给植物加点“醋”,植物就能变得更耐旱……
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph1referto?
A.Vinegarmayhelpcreaturessurvivebadweather.
B.VinegarisfoundinplantsbyJapanesescientists.
C.Vinegarisveryusefulforcookingagoodmeal.
D.Vinegarismainlyusedbypeopletocleanhouses.
答案 A
解析 代词指代题。
根据画线词前一句“Andnow,accordingtoscientists,itmayevenhelptheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.”可以判断出that指代的是醋可以帮助生物更好地适应气候的变化。
故选A。
6.ScientistsinJapanfindfromtheirstudiesthat.
A.theArabidopsiscouldsurviveindryweatherbecauseoft
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