00595自考全国英语阅读一试题.docx
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00595自考全国英语阅读一试题.docx
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00595自考全国英语阅读一试题
4月份自考试题在线测试
全国2012年4月高等教育自学考试
英语阅读
(一)试题
课程代码:
00595
请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上
I.CAREFULREADING
Readthefollowingpassagescarefully.DecideonthebestanswerandwritethecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.(40points,2pointseach)
Passage1
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Peoplehavethoughtverydifferentlyaboutchildrenindifferenthistoricaleras.InancientRomeandthroughouttheMiddleAges,forexample,childhoodwasbrief:
Aboyorgirlwasconsideredan“infant”untiltheageofsix,butsoonafterwardworkedalongsideadultsinthefields,intheworkshops,orathome.Childrenwerethoughttobeborninastateofsinandwereviewedasthepropertyoftheirfathers.Suchbeliefscontributedtostrictdisciplineofchildrenandneglectoftheirspecialneeds.
TheseharshattitudessoftenedduringtheRenaissanceandEnlightenmentasthehumanisticspiritofthetimescausedarediscoveryofthespecialqualitiesofchildhood.Inpaintings,forexample,youngchildrenweredepictedasplayinganddoingotherchildishthings,ratherthanbeingshownasminiatureadults.Theimportanceofchildhoodasauniqueperiodofdevelopmentwasunderstoodmorefullyinthe17thand18thcenturies,asreflectedinthewritingsoftwoimportantEuropeanthinkers:
theEnglishphilosopherJohnLockeandtheFrenchphilosopherJeanJacquesRousseau.JohnLockearguedthatthenewborninfantcomesintotheworldwithnoinheritedpredispositions(天性),butratherwithamindasa“blankslate”thatisgraduallyfilledwithideas,concepts,andknowledgefromexperiencesintheworld.Heconcludedthatthequalityofearlyexperiences,particularlyhowchildrenareraisedandeducated,shapesthedirectionofachild’slife.Later,JeanJacquesRousseauclaimedthatchildrenatbirthareinnatelygoodratherthanevil,andthattheirnaturaltendenciesshouldbeprotectedagainstthecorruptinginfluencesofsociety.Rousseau’sattitudehadanimportantinfluenceonsociety,andinspired,forexample,thenovelistsCharlesDickensandVictorHugo,whodecried(揭露)theexploitationofchildlaborandhighlightedtheneedforeducationalandsocialreform.
1.ItcanbeinferredthatchildrenintheMiddleAges______.
A.weremistreatedandexploited
B.weregenerallyregardedasminiatureadults
C.didnotobservetheinstitutionaldisciplines
D.didnotstarttheirchildhooduntiltheageofsix
2.TheauthorcitestheexamplethetwoEuropeanthinkers’writingstoshowthat______.
A.children’sbehaviorwasdescribedasadult-like
B.children’sinnocenceandplayfulnesswereneglected
C.childhoodwasrevealedasaperiodofindependence
D.childhoodwasrevealedasauniqueperiodofdevelopment
3.The2ndparagraphisdevelopedby______.
A.exampleB.definition
C.comparisonD.causeandeffect
4.ThecentralargumentmadebyJohnLockeisthat______.
A.children’sfuturedevelopmentdependsontheirgeneticbackground
B.children’supbringingandearlyeducationmayshapetheirfuturelife
C.children’scharacterformationislargelyinfluencedbytheirparents
D.theproperwayofupbringingistokeepchildrenawayfromsociety
5.Attheendofthepassage,thetwonovelistsarementionedtoemphasize______.
A.thecallforeducationalandsocialreform
B.theimportanceofchildren’sschooleducation
C.theinfluenceofRousseau’sattitudetowardchildren
D.thepotentialnegativeinfluencesofsocietyonchildren
Passage2
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionmustbeworthyofthesacrificesonambition’sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itshouldbewidelyshared,anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbysuchpeopleastheeducated.whoarethemselvesadmired.Howeveritistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenupambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsbenefitedmostfromambition,thoughtheambitionmaybemorethatoftheirparentsandgrandparentsthanoftheirown.
Certainly,peopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessnowthanformerly.Infact,thesignsofsuccesssuchassummerhomes,EuropeantravelandBMWshaveneverceasedtobesoughtafter.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughttobeaggressive,materialisticorvulgar.Instead,whathasoftenconfusedusarethosefinehypocriticalspectacles:
thecriticofAmericanmaterialisminpossessionofaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealseverydayinfive-starrestaurants;thejournalistpromotingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whosendshisownchildrentoexpensiveprivateschools.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,themottois,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.’’
Ambitionhasbeenattackedfromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,thoughtheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredbytheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmean,however,thatpeoplearenolongerambition-driven,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,ambitionhasbecomesomethingsmartlyconcealed.
6.Accordingtothepassage,inordertokeepthevitalityofthetraditionofambitionthesuccessfulpeoplethemselvesmust______.
A.highlyvalueitB.makesomesacrifices
C.benefitfromitD.makesomecontributions
7.Suchitemsassummerhomes,EuropeantravelandBMWsarelistedtoprovethat______.
A.theseitemsarecommonlyusedtomeasuresuccess
B.theseitemsareopenlyhonoredandadmiredbythepublic
C.peopleareasinterestedinsuccessastheyhaveeverbeen
D.peoplearemoremotivatedtoseekaftertheseitemsthanbefore
8.Peopletendnottomaketheirambitionsfullyknown______.
A.toavoidappearingprofessionallyoriented
B.toavoidappearingsnobbishandsophisticated
C.forfearthattheymightendupinfailureordisappointment
D.forfearthattheymightbeconsideredasdistastefulandgreedy
9.Thecritic,thepublisherandthejournalistarementionedinthe2ndparagraphtoshowthattheyare______.
A.selfishB.corrupted
C.hypocriticalD.materialistic
10.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsambitionasallidealis______.
A.satiricalB.negative
C.appreciativeD.unbiased
Passage3
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Postagestampsarelabelsaffixedtolettersorparcelstoindicatethataspecifiedamountofpostagehasbeenprepaidfordelivery.Stampsareusuallyissuedbyagovernmentoranagencyrepresentingagovernment,suchasanationalpostoffice.Thecollectingandstudyofpostagestampsandrelateditemssuchaspostcardsisknownasphilately,awordderivedfromGreekmeaning,literally,“loveofwhatisfreeoffurthertax.’’Stampcollectingisoneofthemostpopularhobbiesintheworld.
Fromtheearliestyearsofthehobby,mostphilatelistshavepreferredtocollectstampsbycountry,specializingintheissuesofoneormorenations.Sinceaboutthemid-1950s,however,manyphilatelistshavebecomeinterestedintopicalcollecting,acquiringstampsillustratingcertainthemesorsubjects.Amongthewiderangeofpictorialsarestampsdevotedtosports,artandmusic,aviation,birdsandflowers,andtelecommunications.
Oneoftheattractionsofstampcollectingistheeaseofstartingacollection.Withaccesstoenoughincomingmail,especiallyfromabroad,apersoncallbuildacollectionwithoutanyexpense.Literallytensofthousandsofstamps,however,includingmanyoftheolderissues,arepricedverycheaply.
Littlespecialequipmentisrequired.Acollectorneedsonlyanalbumtohousethecollectionandapairofstamptongswithwhichtohandlethem.Stampsandaccessoriescanbepurchasedeasily.Nearlyeverycityhasoneormoreprofessionalstampdealers.ThousandsofotherdealersoperateexclusivelybymailorontheInternet.
Whencollectorshaveaccumulatedanumberofvaluablestamps,theymusttakeprecautionsforsafestorage,preferablyinabanksafetydepositbox.Ifthestampsareinmint(崭新的)condition,theyshouldnotbeoverlapped;throughchangesinhumidity,overlappingstampsmaysticktogetherandbecomeseriouslydamaged.Collectorsalsoshouldkeepaccuratewritteninventoriesofalltheirphilatelicmaterial.
11.Inthe1stparagraph,“philately”isatermdealingwith______.
A.postagedeliveryB.postagetaxingandpricing
C.astudyofpostageitemsD.astudyofpostcardcollecting
12.Accordingtothepassage,stampscanbeclassified______.
A.byfacevalueB.byissue
C.chronologicallyD.thematically
13.Oneofthecharmsofstampcollectingisthatitcanbestarted______.
A.withoutanytechnicalmeans
B.withouttoomuchtimespent
C.withouttoomuchspaceneeded
D.withoutnecessarilybiginvestment
14.Accordingtothepassage,thenewstampsshouldavoid______.
A.humidityB.burglary
C.beingduplicatedD.beingcatalogued
15.Thewriter’ssuggestionmadeinthelastparagraphisbasically______.
A.misleadingB.impractical
C.ambiguousD.operational
Passage4
Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Anumberofdifferentaspectsoflifecaninfluencementalhealth.Inamid-1970sstudyofpeoplelivingintheUnitedStates,researchersidentifiedcriticalareasthatinfluenceone’smentalhealth.Theseareasareworkinglife,familylife,andthesocialrolethatoneoccupiesinthecommunity.Negativeexperiencesintheseareas,suchasanunreasonablebossoraturbulentfamilylife,canreduceone’soverallsenseofwell-being.
Anotherimportantinfluenceonmentalhealthisstress.Ingeneral,peopleexperiencestresswhenthedemandsplacedont
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- 00595 自考 全国 英语 阅读 试题