基础英语笔记52.docx

基础英语笔记52.docx

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基础英语笔记52

UnitTwo

TEXTIBewaretheDirtySeas

（当心肮脏的海洋）

I.Pre-readingQuestions

seasareimportanttourplaces,andthecommonareasofthecountriesalongthem.Theyplayveryimportantrolestothecountriesandpeopleintheareas,ifnottreatedproperly,theywillbringgreattroubletohumanbeings.

IV.OrganizationoftheText

1.Paragraphs1-4

Introducingthetopic:

TheMediterraneanisthemostpollutedseaintheworld（thesisstatement）.

（1）

Causesandconsequencesofthepollutioningeneral.（2–4）

IV.OrganizationoftheText

2.Paragraphs5–10Firstmaincause---sewage

ImpropertreatmentofsewagebymanyMediterraneancountries.（5–7）

Consequences:

contaminationofseawaterandfish;greaterlikelihoodofdisease（8–10）

IV.OrganizationoftheText

3.Paragraphs11–13

Secondmaincause---industries

Untreatedwastesemittedfromfactoriesalongthecoastandfromfactorieslocatedfarinland

IV.OrganizationoftheText

4.Paragraphs14–15

Othercausesofpollution:

pesticides,detergents,fertilizers,oil,etc.

5.Paragraphs16–20

Factorsthatleadtotheseverityofthecase:

narrowandshallowoutletoftheStraitofGibraltar（16）;

IV.OrganizationoftheText

weakcoastalcurrentsandfeebletides（17）;

long-standingpracticeofdumpingwastesintotheseas（18）;

multiplicationofpopulationandincreasingnumberoftourists（19–20）

6.Paragraphs21–22

Conclusion:

Effortsbeingmadetosolvetheproblem

V.KeyPointsoftheText

Paragraph1

holidaydestination:

holidayresort

Paragraph2

waters:

thewaterofthestatedrivers,lakes,etc.E.g.:

theupperwatersoftheThames泰晤士河上游

South-ChinaSeawaters中国南海海域

internationalwaters国际海域

Paragraph2

…sluicesitssewage,untreated,intothesea:

letoutintotheseathewastematerialswhichhavenotbeentreatedandnotmadesafeasifthroughasluice（水闸）,whichisapassageforwater

Paragraph3

tofallvictimtotheabilitiesandattitudes…:

tosufferfromman’smisuseofhisabilities（orman’sabilitiestodestroy）andhisattitudeofindifferencetowardsenvironmentalprotection

fallvictimto:

sufferfrom

E.g.:

fallvictimtoadisease/anexplosion/one’sownavarice

Paragraph3

TheresultisthattheMediterranean,whichnurturedsomanycivilizations,isgravelyill---thefirstoftheseastofallvictimtotheabilitiesandattitudesthatevolvedaroundit:

WhathappensisthattheMediterranean,thecradleofmanyancientcultures,isseriouslypolluted.Itisthefirstoftheseasthathasbeenmadetosufferfromasituationresultingfromdevelopmentmixedwithanirresponsiblementality.

Paragraph3

stifle:

to（causeto）beunabletobreathecomfortably,esp.becauseofheatandlackoffreshair（使）窒息；抑制

E.g.:

bestifledwithsmoke被烟熏得透不过气来

stiflepoliticalfreedom扼杀政治自由

Shortagesofbasicmaterialsstifledeconomicgrowth.基本原料的匮乏抑制了经济发展。

stifleone’slaughter（yawn,sobs）忍住笑（呵欠，抽泣）

Paragraph3

WhatrelationshipdoestheauthorestablishinParagraph3betweenthemanycivilizationstheMediterraneanhasnurturedanditspollution?

SA:

Therelationshipbetweenthetwoisthatofcauseandeffect.Becauseofman’smisuseofhisabilitiesandhisattitudeofindifferencetowardsenvironmentprotection,theMediterranean,hometosomanycivilizations,isnowinjeopardy.

Paragraph4

endemic:

（especiallyofadisease）foundregularlyinaparticularplace地方性的

E.g.:

ThisisaproblemendemictotheWesternworld.这是西方世界普遍存在的一个问题。

anendemicspecies特有物种

endemicfolkways当地风俗

Paragraph5

litany:

aformofprayerforuseinchurchservices,recitedbyapriestwithresponsesfromthecongregation,i.e.,peopleattendingachurchservice应答连祷

Here,litanyisusedinitstransferredmeaning,referringtothefrequentoutbreaksofdisease.

E.g.:

commitalitanyofcrimes犯一系列的罪

themournfullitanyofdisease:

thedeplorable/appalling/dreadfulrepetitiveoccurrencesofdisease

Paragraph5

Whatismore,mostcitiesjustdropitinstraightoffthebeach;rareindeedaretheplaceslikeCannesandTelAvivwhichpipeitevenhalfamileoffshore:

Further,whiletheplacessuchasCannesandTelAvivdisposeoftheirwastesthroughapipestretchingoutonlyhalfamilefromtheshore,mostcitiesdonotevenbothertodothatbutsimplydumptheirsewagedirectlyintotheseaalongthecoastline.

Paragraph6

WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellhisreadersinParagraph6?

SA:

HewantstotellhisreadersinParagraph6thatbecauseofman’sirresponsibilityandindifferencetowardsenvironmentalprotection,Greeceisratedoneofthefewcleanercountriesofthenorthernshore.

Paragraph7

flushout:

tocleanordriveoutbyasuddenflowofwater;pourout;floodwithwatertocleanout冲出；泛滥

E.g.:

flushatoilet（lavatory）抽水冲洗马桶（厕所）

Iwasrecommendedfruitjuicestoflushnicotineoutofthebody.我得到劝告，应多喝果汁以从体内排除尼古丁。

Paragraph8

areawashwithbacteria:

havealargeamountofbacteria

Awashinitsliteralsensemeans“becoveredinwater”.

E.g.:

Afteraheavyrain,thestreetswereawash.

rocksawashathightide涨潮时被淹没的岩石

Theship’sdeckwasawash.船上的甲板被浪潮冲打。

Paragraph8

Awashwithisusedfiguratively,meaning“havingalargeamountofsomething,”asusedinthissentence.

Thesingularformofbacteriaisbacterium.

Paragraph9

lurk:

toexistunseen潜伏；潜藏

E.g.:

Asnakewaslurkinginthegrass.一条蛇正潜伏在草丛中。

Anevengreaterdangerlurksintheseductiveseafooddishesthataddsomuchinteresttoholidaymenus:

Thereisanevengreaterhiddendangerintheattractiveseafooddishesthatareforeversoappealingtothoseholidaymakers.

Paragraph9

Whatdoestheword“seductive”inParagraph9imply?

SA:

Seductivecomesfromtheword“seduce”,whichistopersuadesomeoneyoungandwithoutsexualexperiencetohavesexwithone.Thereforeseductiveimpliesthattheseafooddishesareseeminglyattractivebutthreatenwithgreatdangertohealth.

Paragraph11

Factoriesclusterroundthecoastline,andeventhemostmodernrarelyhasproperwaste-treatmentplant:

Factoriesaresetuparoundthecoastline,fewofwhich,includingthemostsophisticated,havebeenequippedwithasatisfactorysystemfordealingwiththeireffluents.

Paragraph14

pesticide:

amoregeneraltermisinsecticide

Whichparagraph（s）is（are）devotedtoothersourcesofpollutionapartfromsewageandindustry?

SA:

Paragraphs14to15aredevotedtoothersourcesofpollutionapartfromsewageandindustry.

Paragraph14

Whatdoestheword“explosions”inParagraph14mean?

SA:

Itmeansrapidincreaseinamountornumber.

Paragraph16

virtuallyunabletocleanseitself:

practically/ineffectunabletomakeitselffreefromwastematerials

virtually:

practically,ineffect,forallpracticalpurposes

E.g.:

Themanagerbeingoutoftown,Sallyisvirtuallyinchargeofthework.

cleanse:

meaning“clean”,isamoreelevatedwordthanclean.Itisoftenusedfiguratively.

Paragraph16

E.g.:

cleanseoneofone’ssinsorwrongdoings

cleansetheworldfromevils

tocopewiththeremorselessrushofpollution:

todealsuccessfullywiththesewage,effluents,etc.,whichpourintotheseathreateninglyandwhichcannotbestopped

Paragraph16

copewith:

dealsuccessfullywith

remorseless:

threateninglyunstoppable

E.g.:

Hewasdisturbedbytheremorselessnoiseoftheenginesallnightandcouldnotfallasleep.

Remorselessismoreoftenusedtomean“merciless,pitiless.”

E.g.:

Themankilledhisopponentwithremorselesscruelty.

Paragraph16

WhathasmadetheMediterraneanmorevulnerabletopollutionthanotherseasintheworld?

SA:

TheMediterraneanislandlockedanditsweakcoastalcurrentskeepsewageandindustrialwasteclosetotheshore.ThosefactorshavemadetheMediterraneanmorevulnerabletopollutionthanotherseasintheworld.

Paragraph18

Explaintheuseof“ofcourse”atthebeginningofParagraph18andthatof“but”ofParagraph19.

SA:

“Ofcourse”isoftenfollowedby“but”tomean“itisatleasttruethat…but”.Herethewriteruses“ofcourse”tomeanthatitisnotanewproblemforthepeopleoftheMediterraneantousetheseafortheirwastesandthatenvironmentalpollutionhasbeeninexistenceforalongtime,however,pollutionismadeworse

Paragraph19

becauseoftheincreasingpopulationofinhabitantsandvisitors.

Thepopulation…trebleseverysummer:

Thepopulation…increasesthreetimeseverysummer.

Triple,asynonymoftreble,ismoreoftenusedinAmericanEnglish.

Whatadvicefortouristscanbeinferredfromthefactsprovidedbytheauthorinthepassage?

Paragraph19

SA:

ThepossibleadvicefortheMediterraneantouristscanbe:

donotswimintheseaanddonoteatseafooddishes.

VI.SAtoEx.1,P.14,Workbook

•1.TheMediterraneanhasmadepositivecontributionstothedevelopmentandprosperityofthecountriesalongitsshoresbuttheeffectproducedbytheindustrializationandmodernizationofthesecountriesontheMediterraneanhasbeennegative---theyhaveaggravatedthepollutionofthesea.

•2.CannesandTelAviv.（Paragraph5）

VI.SAtoEx.1,P.14,Workbook

•3.Eventhoughlessthan1/40ofthecoastalpeopleofGreecehavetheirsewageproperlytreated,theyarenotdoingtoobadly.OthercountriesonthenorthernshorearecausingmoreseriouspollutiontotheseathanGreece..

•4.1:

7=x:

100x=100/7Thusx=14（approximately）

VI.SAtoEx.1,P.14,Workbook

•5.attractiveandluringbutleadingtobadconsequences

•6.Paragraphs14and15

•7.rapidincreases

•8.RefertoParagraphs16–20.

•9.“Ofcourse”indicatesthatthevulnerabilityoftheMediterraneanisnotjustduetoitsuniquegeographicalfeatures.Theinhabitantsroundtheshoresarealsotoblame