高三英语总复习之句子系列复习只定语从句.docx
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高三英语总复习之句子系列复习只定语从句.docx
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高三英语总复习之句子系列复习只定语从句
高三英语总复习之句子系列复习
(2)
定语从句
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词,关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as,关系副词有when,where,why。
一、关系词的基本用法
who指人,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
whom指人,在从句中作宾语
whose指人或物,在从句中作定语
that指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语
as指人、物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
when指时间,在从句中作时间状语
where指地点,在从句中作地点状语
why指原因,在从句中作原因状语
(1)Theman(whom/who/that)mymothersawinthestreetismyteacher.
(2)Thebookwhich/thattellsusabouttheearthisinteresting.
(3)Shelivesinahousewhosewindowsfacessouth.
(4)DoyouknowtheboywhosefatherisanEnglishteacher?
(5)Ihaveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.
(6)I’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIjoinedthearmy.
(7)Iwon’tforgetthefactorywhere/inwhichmyfatherworked.
(8)Tellmethereasonwhyyoucamelate.
二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句
1、当先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,anything,everything,none,nothing,noone,some等时。
Hedideverythingthathecouldtohelpus.
2、先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,theright,last,few,just等修饰时。
Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.
3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。
ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.
4、当先行时前有such或thesame修饰时,先行词和关系代词指同一物时。
Sheiswearingthesamedressthatsheworeyesterday.
5、先行词既有人又有物时,
Latertheytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.
6、当主句是以who或which开始时的特殊疑问句时,
Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?
7、在同一个句子里,若有两个定语从句,其中一个关系词已用了which,另一个宜用that.
Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.
8、当关系代词在从句中作表语时。
(只限于限制性定语从句中)
Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.
9、当先行词是集体名词时,多用that,
Hewantstojointheteamthatwonthegame.
10、that在有些句型中可作为关系副词,且可省略。
Idon’tliketheway(that)hetalkstome.
三、只用which不用that时情况
1、引导非限制性定语从句时:
Brucewenttowardthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.
2、先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。
ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunlived.
3、先行词本身是that时:
What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?
4、先行词后有插入语时,
HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asI’vetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.
5、which用作表语,指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特性、品质或才能的人。
Heisanengineer,whichIamnot。
关系代as:
在限制性定语从句中用在such,thesame,as,so之后,as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。
Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).Takeasmanyasyouwant.
Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.Thisissuchabookaswasgiventome.
四、关系代词的省略情况
1、关系代在从句中作宾语时。
Haveyoureceivedthebook(that)Isentyoulastweek?
2、关系代词在从句中作表语时。
Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.
3、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语,而这个介词又在句末时。
Thisistheartist(whom)Ispoketoyouabout.
注意:
关系代词的省略是指在限制性定语从句中,在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词不能省略。
五、带介词的定语从句
1、固定词组,介词置于后,关系代词使用灵活。
Thisisthechild(whom/who/that)sheislookingafter.
2、非固定词组,介词位置灵活,关系代词使用严格。
Theman(whom/who/that)Ispoketoisafriendofmine.
ThemantowhomIspokeisafriendofmine.
3、介词词组(关系代词远离先行词)
Infrontof,ontopof,atthefootof,withthehelpof,asaresultof.
Westandinabuildinginfrontofwhichstandsalab.
Wearrivedatahill,ontopofwhichstoodatower.
4、代词/数词+of+关系代词
Hehaswrittenmanybooks,mostofwhichareforchildren.
Wehavemanystudents,twoofwhomhavewonprizesofinternationalcompetitions.
5、介词+关系代词+代词/数词:
Hehaswrittenmanybooks,ofwhichmostareinChinese.
6、介词+whose修饰后面的名词:
HeistheverymaninwhosepocketIfoundmylostmoney.
六、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
·限制性定语从句对先行词起限制确定作用。
如果没有它,主句的意思就不完整,这种定语从句和主句的关系十分密切,不可用逗号隔开,在口语中前后没有停顿。
Heisthemanwhosefatherdiedlastweek.
ThatisthereasonwhyIdidn’topenthedoor.
·非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不十分密切,只是对先行词起描述或补充说明的作用,省略后也不影响全句的意思,非限制性定语从句可以修饰名词、代词、短语、主句的一部分或全句,它和主句之间常用逗号隔开,朗读时前后有停顿。
IliveinBeijingwheremyparentsworkedtenyearsago.
Hissister,whoworksinWuHan,iscomingtoseehimtomorrow.
七、as引导非限制性定语从句与which的区别
1、用于非限制性定语从句时,可以指代整个主句的内容,as和which可以换用。
Helefther,as/whichwasstrange.
2、as引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,从句可置于句首,句中和句尾。
Aseveryoneknows,TomisgoodatEnglish.
Theearth,asweknow,movesroundthesun.
3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时,常用as作主语。
asissaid/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/disused等。
Asisknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.
4、as引导非限制性定语从句,有“正如”的含义,因此,下列句式中多用as:
ashasbeensaidaboveasanybodycanseeaswehadexpectedas(it)appears
Thingsarenotalwaysastheyappear.
5、which引导非限制定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,从句只能置于句尾。
Thedecisionwaspostponed,whichwasexactlywhathewanted.
6、which引导非限制性定语从句,指代主句中的一个词(先行词)从句置于先行词后,可在句中或句尾。
Thefootballmatch,whichIwatchedyesterday,isveryinteresting.
7、which引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,从句的谓语带有宾语,有的还带宾语补足语。
Afterthatthingsimproved,whichastonishedme.
Waterchangesintosteam,whichisknowntobeaphysicalchange.
8、which引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,从句意思可与主句相反,即从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。
HecanwritealetterinEnglish,whichIcannot.
Hewasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.
八、定语从句运用中的注意点
1、
(1)是用theone还是用that,which,where.
(2)Isthisschool_______youstudyin?
(3)Isthistheschool______youstudyin?
(4)Isthistheschool_______youstudy?
(5)Isthisschool______isaseniorone?
A.that/whichB.whereC.theoneD.theonewhereE.theonethat/which
遇到这类句子,先将其变成肯定句,再看主句是否缺少表语。
若缺表语,则必须用theone的形式,接着再看theone在从句中作什么成分,若作状语,则必须用theonewhere,若作主语或宾语时,则用theone(that/which)
2、是用when还是用that,which
(1)May1istheday______wespenttogether.
(2)May1istheday________ijoinedthearmy.
A.that/whichB.when
当先行词是表示时间的名词时,作时间状语时,用when,若作主语或宾语时,就用that/which.
3、定语从句与强调结构的区别
(1)Itwasinthishouse______hewasborn.
(2)Itwasthishouse______hewasborn.
(3)Itwasinthehouse________heusedtolivethattheexhibitionwasheld..
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉itis/was…that,若整个句子结构和意义不受影响,则为强调结构,否则为定语从句。
4、定语从句与其他从句的区别
(1)定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词,有则是定语从句,试比较:
Youshouldleavethetoywhereyoucanfind.Istillrememberthebusstopwhere/atwhichImetyou.
(2)定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的边接词是否在从句中作成分,作成分的是定语从句;若连接词在句中不作成分时,则为结果状语从句。
试比较:
Heissuchakindpersonaseverybodylikes.Heissuchakindpersonthateverybodylikeshim.
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分,作成分的是定语从句,不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。
试比较:
Thenewsthathehadbeenbacksurprisedusall.Themews(that)hetoldussurprisedusall.
5、way后面的定语从句(用that/inwhich或省略):
Pleasetellmetheway(that/inwhich)youdidthejob.
Consolidation:
一、用适当的关系代词填空:
1.Helentmeathousanddollars,_________wasexactlytheamountIneeded.
2.Theproposal________wehavetoexportmoregoodsistobedisscussedat
themeeting.
3.Bungeejumpingisasport________apersonmakesaverticaljumpfromahighplatformwitharubberrodcordtiedtotheiranklessothattheybounce.
4.________wasexpected,theirteamfailedinthecompetitionbecauseofinsufficientpreparations.
5.Thewaterfalls,thelargestof_________islikeasemicircle,are670meterswide,andfall56metersinanawesomewhitesheetofwater.
6._________thereisnofire,thereisnosmoke.
7.Thequestion________we’llputoffthemeetingremainstobediscussed.
8.I’vejustfinishedreadingapoem________meaningiscompletelybeyondme.
9.Comparedto_________thegirlisnowtoday,sheshowednoconfidencethenespeciallyinfrontofthepublic.
10.HopeProjectgotanotherdonationofonemillionyuanwith________toassistmorepoorchildrenbacktoschool.
二、将下列句子转换成含有定语从句的复合句。
1.Chinaisadevelopingcountry,withBeijingasitscapital.
Chinaisadevelopingcountry,__________________________.
2.Thethief,havingbeencaughtslippingintothebank,wasarrestedbythepolice.
Thethief,__________________________________.,wasarrestedbythepolice.
3.Itisknowntousallthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
___________________,lighttravelsfasterthansound.
4.Therearelotsofbirdsflyingsouthforwintereveryyear.
Therearelotsofbirds____________________________.
5.TheHopeSchoolhasbeensetupwhereawastelandusedtobe.
TheHopeSchoolhasbeensetup__________________________.
6.Thatstoneissoheavythatnoonecanremoveitaway.
Thatissuchaheavystone________________________.
三、定语从句易混点对比专练
1.①Theman______shemarriedlastyearwasasoldier.
A.whomB.towhomC.withwhomD.whose
②Theman______shewasmarriedwasasoldier.
A.whomB.towhomC.withwhomD.who
2.①Theday______shespentwithuswasnevertobeforgotten.
A./B.onwhichC.whenD.inwhich
②Theday______sheplayedwithuswasnevertobeforgotten.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD./
3.①Isthisthefactory______youvisitedlastweek
A.whereB.whichC.towhichD.inwhich
②Isthisfactory______youvisitedlastweekA.thatBwhichCinwhichD.theone
4.①Thehouse______windowfacessouthisforthedoctor.
A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.ofwhich
②Thehouse______facessouthisforthedoctor.
A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.where
5.①Shebroughtforwardaplan______wecouldn'tagree.
A.thatB.whichC./D.towhich
②Shebroughtforwardaplan______wecouldn'taccept.
A./B.forwhichC.towhichD.ofwhich
6.①Theinvention______shespent2yearswilldowelltotheworld.
A.whichB./C.onwhichD.when
②Theinvention______tookher2yearswilldowelltotheworld.
A.whichB./C.onwhichD.it
7.①TheEnglishsubject,______Idowell,isimportantinmiddleschools.
A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.atwhich
②TheEnglishsubject,______Ihavemasteredwell,isimportantinmiddleschool.
A./B.atwhichC.thatD.inwhich
8.①Tom,______Iwenttotheconcert,isafriendofmine.
A.whomB.whoC.withwhichD.whose
②Tom,______bicycle1wenttotheconcert,isafriendofmine.
A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.
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