江苏省扬中市高三英语一轮复习高考写作指导学案读写任务之概括 议论文.docx
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江苏省扬中市高三英语一轮复习高考写作指导学案读写任务之概括 议论文.docx
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江苏省扬中市高三英语一轮复习高考写作指导学案读写任务之概括议论文
Taskwriting-----Summary(议论文)
Taskwriting
I.Content
1.Summary(about30words)
2.Youropinion,argumentandconclusion(about120words)
II.Howtowriteagoodsummaryofanarticle
1.Argumentation
Theelementsofanargumentation
1.astrongstatementofopinion.
(thetopicsentences)
2.supportfortheopinion.
(supportingsentences)
3.conclusion/suggestions.
(thepurposeofthepassage)
2.Howtosummarizeanargumentationwell?
Methods:
1.Findoutthetopicsentences/keyphrases
2.Findoutthesupportingevidencesorfacts.
3.Findoutthewordsorphrasesthatappearmostfrequently.
主题概括法(议论文)
第一、找出关键词和全文或段落的主题句。
任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的,因此,许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词。
抓住了它,便容易抓住文章的中心。
一般地说,主题词通常是名词、动词或形容词。
第二、根据原文的词句(一般指关键词和全文或段落的主题句),进行改写。
或用相应的同义词,或进行句型转换(如主动句改为被动句等等).千万不要原封不动地抄写原文的词句.
第三、用连词连接各部分,使它连贯。
第四、整合中心要点。
使用形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语合并、简化句子,使之符合概括短文内容要点的词数(30个词左右)。
议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论是非、提出观点和看法。
作者先正面或反面提出论点,然后用事实论证论点,最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结论。
议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段,或者在各段的首句或尾句。
尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。
可以采用如下方法概括:
Thewriterofthisarticlethinksthat…或者你认为本材料的观点代表了一些人的思想,就可以说Somepeoplethink…还可以从中立的角度或用“无人称”的方式来说Thearticlegivestheviewthat…
概括时常用的句式有:
1.Thisarticledealswith/discusses/analyzes/stronglyemphasizes…
2.Thisarticlenotonlydescribes…butalsosuggests…
3.Thisarticlecompares…andsummarizeskeyfindings…
4.Thisarticlegivesanaccountof/providesananalysisof/providesamethodof…
5.Thisarticlereportsthelastinformationon…
6.Theproblemofsth.isdiscussed…
7.Thisarticleshows/tellsusthat…
8.Theauthorfindsitnecessaryto…
9.Theauthorholdstheideathat…,givingitanexampleofsb.who…(观点+例证)
10.Theauthorstronglyemphasizesthebenefitsofgettingupearlysuchas…(观点:
什么的什么+例证)
III.【例1】
Gettingupearlyhasbeenregardasagoodhabitsinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago,peoplethoughtthatifwewenttobedearlyandgetupearly,wewouldbeenergeticthewholeday.So,gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.
Infact,morningisthebesttimeofaday.Inthemorning,theairisthefreshestandpeopleareusuallyinthebestconditions.Manyofusmayhavetheexperiencesthatwememorizesomethingsmorequicklyandaccuratelyinthemorningthananyothertimeoftheday.
Ifwedosomemorningexerciseoronlytakeashortwalkinthemorning,wecanbuildourbodiesandbecomemuchhealthier.Alsowewillhaveenoughtimetomakeaplanandgetreadyforourworkorstudyofthedayifwegetupearly.However,ifwegetuplate,wewillprobablyhavetodoeverythinginagreathurry.
Letusremembergettingupearlyisagoodhabitandtryourbesttokeepit.Ifwesticktogettingupearlyeveryday,wewillcertainlybenefitalotfromit.
1.Astrongstatementofopinion.(thekeyidea):
________________________________________
2.Supportfortheopinion(supportingsentences)
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
3.Conclusion/suggestions.
________________________________________
Summary:
___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
【例2】阅读下面短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Thegenerationgapbetweenstudentsandtheirteachersisbecomingmoresignificantwithonly3.3percentoutofasurveygroupof1,000studentsfrom30keymiddleschoolsinthecitysayingtheywouldbewillingtotelltheirteachersoftheirinnerthoughts.
Intoday’seducationalenvironment,teachersarepositionedtobetheauthorityfigureforlearninginsteadofalsobecomingagoodfriendinthelivesofstudents.
Asonlystudentswithgoodmarksinexamsareconsideredthe“applesintheeyes”oftheteachers,moststudentsthinktheirteacherstobepartial(偏心).
“Ifeelsadtohearsuchremarks,”saidYuYi,awell-knownspecial-classteacher.
Sherecalledthatinthepast,teachersandstudentswouldplaybasketballtogetherorcommentonnovelswhilesittingonthegrassduringabreak.Buttoday,studyandgoodmarksaretheonlytopicsofconversationbetweenstudentsandteachers.
“Schoolsarenotonlytheplacewhereknowledgeisimparted(传授)butalsowherestudentsaretaughthowtobeanuprightperson,”Yusaid.“Thesuccessofapersonisnotmerelydeterminedbyintelligencebutalsobyemotionalstate.”
YangXiong,directoroftheJuvenileResearchInstitute,saidtheeducationalsystemwhichfocusesonexaminationsshouldbeheldtobesubstantiallyresponsible.
ks5u写作内容]1.以约30个词概括学生不愿告诉老师内心想法的原因;
2.然后以约120个词就“现代师生关系”这个主题发表你的看法,并包括如下要点:
(1)你是否愿意告诉老师你内心的想法?
为什么?
(2)你希望你与你的老师之间的关系是怎样的?
如何才能建立这种关系?
ks5u写作要求]
(1)可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子;
(2)标题自定;
(3)文中不能出现考生真实姓名和学校名称
ks5u评分标准]概括准确、语言规范、内容合适、篇章连贯。
套用写作模板进行写作:
1.拟出标题:
________________________________________
2.进行概括:
______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
IV.Practice:
1.阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
TheUseofExaminations
Agoodeducationshouldmakepeoplethinkforthemselves.Buttheexamcanneverdoanythinglikethat.
First,examinationsaresecondtononebecauseitbringsanxietytostudents.Assoonasachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofterriblecompetition.
Second,examsdonotintereststudentstoreadortolearnwidely.Theydonothelpstudentstolookformoreandmoreknowledge,buttrytoputasmuchaspossibleintothestudents’head.
Third,theylowerthestandardsofteaching,fortheydonotgiveanyfreedomtoteacherstodecidewhattoteach.Teachersthemselveshavenochoicebuttotraintheirstudentsinexamtechniques.Themostsuccessfulstudentsarenotalwaysthebesteducatedbutthebesttrainedinthetechniqueofexams.
Fourth,theycantellyounothingaboutaperson’strueability.Theexamsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessment(主观评价)bysomeexaminers.
However,iftherearenoexams,fewstudentsorevennoonewilldoanyrevisionorstudy!
【写作内容】1.概括短文的内容要点,该部分的词数大约30;
2.就“中学生学习成绩与能力的相互关系”为题发表你的看法,至少包括以下的内容要点,该部分的词数大约120。
(1)你每次考试之前的心情如何?
(2)你是如何备考的?
(3)你认为考试成绩能反映你的学习能力吗?
【写作要求】你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的观点,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
【评分标准】概括准确、语言规范、内容合适、篇章连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Chinanowboaststheworld'slargestpublishingindustrybyvolume,with 8.1billion booksprintedin2012,upfrom7.7billiontheyearbefore.NeverbeforehaveChinesereadershadsucheasyaccesstoawideselectionrangingfromclassicalChinesepoetrytothetoptitlesonAmazon'sbest-sellerslist.
However,whilethesupplyofbookshasexplodedinChinainrecentdecades,people'sinterestinthemhasnotkeptup.AccordingtoasurveyresultpublishedbytheChineseAcademyofPressandPublicationinApril,Chinesepeopleread 4.39books percapitainthepastyear,afigurethattrailsfarbehindmajordevelopedcountries;forexample,theaverageAmericanread7,theaverageFrenchandJapaneseperson8.4,andtheaverageSouthKorean11.And,onaverage,Chinesepeopleallocatedjustover15minutesadaytoreading,comparedtoalmost100towatchingtelevisionandover45forusingtheInternet.
AnamazingnumberoftheChineseareturningawayfromreadingbooks.ZhangLijia,afreelancewriterbasedinBeijing,thinksthedayswhenfriendsgottogethertodiscussthebookstheywerereadingaregone."Peoplearetoorestless,tooutilitarian(功利),"shereflects."Youneedsomepeaceinmindinordertobeabletositdownwithabook."
Zhang'sopinionisechoedbyanumberoflongtimeprofessionalsinthebookindustry.“BestsellersinChinatodayconsistmainlyofchild-rearingmanuals(育儿手册),cookbooks,healthandfitnessguides,test-preparationbooks,thrillers,andromancenovels."saidHeXiongfei,awell-knownpublisherofpopularbooks."Someofthembuybooks,butthisisjustforthepurposeofkillingtimeorfortestpreparation.Theyarelookingforthingstheythinkareusefultothem.Theyarenotreading,"Headded.
【写作内容】1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容.
2.然后以约120个词就“阅读的意义”这一话题发表你的看法,并包括以下要点:
(1)你认为现在中国人不如以前喜欢阅读的原因是什么?
(2)你觉得阅读重要吗?
为什么?
(3)以你或他人的经历举例论证你的观点。
【写作要求】1.在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子;
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,篇章连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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