大学英语四级长篇阅读练习题.docx
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大学英语四级长篇阅读练习题.docx
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大学英语四级长篇阅读练习题
大学英语四级长篇阅读练习题
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ABattleisLoomingoverRenewableEnergy,andFossilFuelInterestsareLosing
A.Instatecapitalsacrossthecountry,legislatorsaredebatingproposalstorollbackenvironmentalrules,proddedbyindustryandadvocacygroupseagertocurtail缩减regulationsaimedat
curbinggreenhousegases.
B.Themeasures,whichhavebeenintroducedinabout18states,lieattheheartofanefforttoexpandtothestatelevelthebattleoverfossilfuelandrenewableenergy.Thenewruleswould
trimorabolishclimatemandates--includingthosethatrequireutilitiestousesolarandwindenergy,aswellasproposedEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyrulesthatwouldreducecarbon
emissionsfrompowerplants.
C.Butthecampaign—despiteitsbackingfrompowerfulgroupssuchasAmericansforProsperity—hasrunintoasurprisingroadblock:
thegrowingpoliticalcloutofrenewable-energyinterests,even
inrock-ribbedRepublicanstatessuchasKansas.
D.Thestagehasbeensetforwhatonelobbyistcalled“trenchwarfare”asmoneyedinterestsonbothsideswrestleoversomeofthestrongestregulationsforpromotingrenewableenergy.Andthe
issuesarelikelytosurfacethisfallinthemidtermelections,aswell,withCalifomiabillionaireTomSteyerpouringmoneyintovariousgubernatorial州长的andstateandfederallegislative
racestobackcandidateswhosupporttoughrulescurbingpollution.
E.Themulti-prongedconservativeefforttorollbackregulations,begunmorethanayearago,issupportedbyaloose,well.fundedconfederationthatincludestheU.S.Chamberof Commerce,the
NationalAssociationofManufacturersandconservativeactivistgroupssuchasAmericansforProsperity,apoliticallyactivenonprofitorganizationfoundedinpartbybrothers Davidand
CharlesKoch.Thesegroupsarguethatexistinggovernmentrulesviolatefree-marketprinciplesandwillultimatelydriveupcostsforconsumers.
F.Theproposedmeasuresaresimilarfromstatetostate.Insomecases,thelegislativelanguagematchesorcloselyresemblesmodelbillsandresolutionsofferedbytheAmericanLegislative
ExchangeCouncilALEC,afree-market.orientedgroupofstatelawmakersunderwritteninpartbyExxonMobil,KochIndustries,DukeEnergyandPeabodyEnergy.“Nowmorethaneveristhetimefor
statestoleadtheway,”ALEC’stopofficialstolditsmembersatameetinginDecember.
G.Thecoalitioncampaignshaveachieyedonlysymbolicvictoriesinafewstates.NonbindingresolutionscriticaloftheEPApowerplantproposalshavebeenapprovedin
Alabama,Georgia,Nebraska,WestVirginiaandWyoming.Threeotherstates--Louisiana.MissouriandOhio—areweighinglegislationsimilartotheALECmodel.
H.Onlyoneofthe18statelegislatureshasapprovedamoresubstantivemeasurethatwouldreplacetheEPA’spowerplantrules.Andeventhatbill.inKentucky,couldbackfirebygivingupa
chanceforthestatetodesignitsownprogramandforcingittoacceptafederalcomplianceprogram.
I.“Cleanenergyisbeginningtobecomemainstream,”saidGabeEisner,executivedirectoroftheEnergyandPolicyInstitute,aclean-energythinktankinWashington.“Renewableenergyispopular
andhasincreasedpoliticalpowernow,”but,headded,“thatpowerisstilleclipsedbytheresourcesofthefossilfuelindustry.”
Asurprisinglytoughfight
J.Kansasmightbethebestplacetoseehowthesedynamicsareunfolding.
K.Thestatewasapromisingchoiceforaforay攻击againstrulesknownasrenewable-energystandards.whichsetminimumlevelsofrenewable-energyusebyelectricutilities.Variationsofthese
ruleshavebeenadoptedinabout30states.eventhoughCongressdidnotpassafederalversionoftherequirement.InKansas,alawpassedin2021requiresutilitiestousewindandsolarpower
togenerateatleast15percentoftheirelectricitybv2021and20percentby2021.
L.Thecoalitionseekingtherepealoftherenewablemandatehadalltheingredientsforsuccess.Financial.musclecamefromtheKansasChamberofCommerce,whichlobbiedheavilyforrepeal.In
addition,thestateishometoKochIndustries,theKochbrothers’Wichita-basedenergyconglomerate集团.ThestaterepresentativeforWichita,RepublicanDennisHedke,hascalledthecompany“oneof
thegreatestsuccessstoriesintheworld”andsaid“theyaremakingverypositivecontributions.”Hedke
chairsthestateHouse’sEnergyandEnvironmentCommittee.
M.KochIndustries,alongwiththeutilityindustry’sEdisonElectricInstituteandthenation’sbiggestcoalcompany,PeabodyEnergy,havesupportedALEC.whichadvisedstatelawmakersonrepeal
strategy.
N.“Kochhasconsistentlyopposedallsubsidiesandmandatesacrosstheboard.especiallyasitrelatestoenergypolicy,”PhilipEllendeapresidentandchiefoperatingofficerofKochCompanies
PublicSector,saidinastatement,citingthecompany’soppositiontotherenewablefuelstandard,windproductiontaxcreditandethanol乙醇mandate.“Governmentshouldnotmandatetheallocation
oruseofnaturalresourcesandrawmaterialsintheproductionofgoods.”
O.Theideologicalcasewassupportedbyconservativethinktanks.KansansforLibertysupposedrepeal.andthestatebranchofAmericansforProsperitytoldsupportersthat“greenenergy
mandatesreplacethefree-marketwithbureaucraticgovernmentoversight,drivingupcostsforhard—workingKansasfamilies.”Thenationalgrouphasspent$300.000inthestatepushingforthe
rollbackofrenewablestandards.
P.ConnectionstokeyKansaspoliticiansalsowerestron9.BoththeKansasstateSenate’spresident.SusanWagle,andthespeakerofthestateHouse,RayMerrick,aremembersoftheALECboardand
backedrepeal.“TherepealoftheRPS[RenewablePortfolioStandards]fitsinlinewiththegoalsoftheorganization,”saidWagle,whosaidshejoinedALECinthe1990sinconnectionwithher
oppositiontohealth-carereforlnledbyHillaryRodhamClinton.thenthefirstlady.
Q.Moreover’theKansaseconomyreliesheavilyonfossilfuels.ThestateiSthenation’s10th.1argestproducerofcrudeoilandl2th-largestofnaturalgas,accordingtothefederalEnergy
InformationAdministration.In2021,coal-firedpowerplantsprovided61percentofthestate’selectricity,wellabovethenationalaverage.ButthestrongwindsthatblowacrossKansashave
carriednewinterestsintothestate.Kansasrankssixthinthecountryinwindoutput,whichjumpedbyathirdlastyearandequaled19percentofthestate’selectricity,theEIAsays.
R.Thegrowingnumberofwindfarmsnotonlygeneratespowerbutroyaltiesforlandowners.DorothyBarnett,executivedirectoroftheClimateandEnergyProject,saidthatKansaslandowners
receivemorethan$13millionayear.“ThisissueisanissuethattouchesruralKansans,andwehavealotofruralKansaslegislators,”shesaid.
46.ResolutionswithnobindingforcewhicharepickyabouttheEPApowerplantproposalshavebeenacceptedinmanystatessuchasAlabamaandGeorgia.
47.ItishopefultogainsuccessifKansasischosenastheforayagainsttherulesofrenewable-energystandardswhichminimizetherenewable-energyusebypowerplants.
48.KochCompany’sPhilipEllendercitedthecompany’soppositiontotherenewablerulestoapproveitsobjectiontoallenergy-policy-concerningsubsidiesandmandates,andadvisedthat
governmentletgooftheallocationoruseofmaterialsusedingoodsproduction.
49.TheissueisaproblemthatconcernsthebenefitsofpeopleintheruralKansas,andwehaveagreatmanylawmakersfromruralpartsofKansas.
50.TherequirementtoabolishtheRPScomplieswiththeorganization’stargets.
51.Themethodsadoptedbythel8statesarethekerneloftheattemptstolevelupthebattlebetweenfossilfuelandrenewableenergy.
52.Thestageisestablishedfortheso-called“Wenchwarfare”,forthemonetarybenefitsofbothpartshavebeenviolatedbythemostpowerfulrulestospreadrenewableenergy.
53.Theleaguewhichrequiresabolishingtherenewablemandatehadallthefactorstoachievesuccess.
54.However,thewindsthatsweepacrossKansashavebroughtnewbenefitstothestate.
55.Theall-sidedeffortswhichrollbacktherenewableruleshavebeenbackedbyaconfederationwithabundantcapital,themembersofwhichgoagainsttheexistinggovemmentrules.
46.ResolutionswithnobindingforcewhicharepickyabouttheEPApowerplantproposalshavebeenacceptedinmanystatessuchasAlabamaand
Georgia.那些对EPA电力公司的建议很挑剔的,不具有约束力的决议得到了阿拉巴马和佐治亚等州的支持。
47.ItishopefultogainsuccessifKansasischosenastheforayagainsttherulesofrenewable-energystandardsWhichminimizetherenewable-energyusebypower
plants.如果选择堪萨斯州来攻击那些规定了电力公司可再生能源最低使用量的可再生能源准则的话,取得成功是很有希望的。
48.KochCompany’sPhilipEllendercitedthecompany’sopposetotherenewablerulestoapproveitsobjectiontoallenergy-policy-concerningsubsidiesandmandates,andadvisedthatgovernment
letgooftheallocationoruseofmaterialsusedingoodsproduction.科氏公司的菲利普•埃兰多引用了该公司对可再生能源规则的反对来证明其对所有与能源政策有关的资助与授权的异议,并且提议政府应该放开在商品生产中对材料的分配及使用。
49.TheissueisaproblemthatconcernsthebenefitsofpeopleintheruralKansas,andwehaveagreatmanylawmakersfromthatpart.这个问题是一个关系到堪萨斯州农村地区人们利益的问题,而且我们有很多立法人员都是从该地区来的。
50.TherequirementtoabolishtheRPScomplieswiththeorganization’stargets.废除RPS的要求与该组织的目标一致。
51.Themethodsadoptedbythe18statesarethekemeloftheattemptstolevelupthebattlebetweenfossilfuelandrenewableenergy.已有18个州采纳的这些措施是努力抬高化石燃料和可再生能源之间斗争的关键。
52.Thestageisestablishedfortheso-called“genchwarfare”,forthemonetarybenefitsofbothpartshavebeenviolatedbythemostpowerfulrulestospreadrenewable
energy.由于双方的金钱利益都受到了推广可再生能源的最强规则的侵犯,这个舞台就成了为所谓的“阵地战”准备的。
53.Theleaguewhichrequiresabolishingtherenewablemandate
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