考研英语真题及答案.docx
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考研英语真题及答案.docx
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考研英语真题及答案
2009年考研英语真题和答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1。
(10points)
Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare。
1thefruit—flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer’spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday。
Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives。
Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright。
Intelligence,it5out,isahigh—pricedoption。
Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning-agradual7—insteadofinstinct。
Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey’veapparentlylearnediswhento8。
Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?
That'sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe’veleftinthedustI.Q.—wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe。
Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI’veevermet。
Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance。
Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall—scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain。
Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis。
18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:
Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?
20theresultsareinconclusive.
1。
[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine
2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened
3。
[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer
4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority
5.[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforward
6。
[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along
7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual
8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think
9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different
10。
[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward
11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs
12。
[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across
13。
[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply
14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstance
15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest
16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach
17。
[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with
18。
[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]Otherwise
19。
[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile
20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[D]Betterstill
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts。
AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1。
(40points)
Text1
Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto—pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine。
“Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,"WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury。
Intheever—changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeconnotation。
Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks。
Butdon'tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothehippocampus,they’retheretostay。
Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads。
“Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,”saysDawnaMarkova,authorof“TheOpenMind”andanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners。
“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decide,'justasourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider。
’”Sheadds,however,that“todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone。
Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities。
"
Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe'reunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:
analytically,procedurally,relationally(orcollaboratively)andinnovatively。
Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife。
Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought。
“This
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