05 英语完形填空之记叙文新高二英语增分高效练之题型特训.docx
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05 英语完形填空之记叙文新高二英语增分高效练之题型特训.docx
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05英语完形填空之记叙文新高二英语增分高效练之题型特训
2020年暑假新高二英语增分高效练之题型特训05
英语完形填空·记叙文
考试大纲
要求
考纲解读
在一篇250词左右的短文中留出20个空白,要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项,使短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
既考查考生的英语基础知识,又考查考生综合运用语言的能力。
主要考查考生的语言综合运用能力,包括词语辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能力和生活常识运用能力。
该题型分值高(30分,占整套试卷分数的20%),区分度强,是考生分数最容易"拉开距离"的题型。
完形填空是语言知识运用的第一节,共20小题,每小题1.5分。
在一篇约250词的短文中留出20个空白,要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项,使补全后的短文意思通顺, 前后连贯, 结构完整。
完形填空题要求考生具备的能力之一就是"正确的阅读理解能力",同时,还要储备扎实的语法、词汇和文化知识等,是一种全面考查考生语言运用能力的题型。
答题时考生可以从如下几个方面入手:
一、树立整体意识,解决局部问题
每篇完形填空都围绕一个主题展开,语篇完整,结构严谨,前后照应,所以在解决局部问题时,考生要树立牢固的整体意识,遵循"整体—局部—整体"原则,不要把注意力孤立地局限在句子层面上,而要从段落或整篇文章入手,整体把握文章的内容,结合上下文寻找答案线索。
二、借助逻辑连词,推敲前后文意
英文中的逻辑连词是连接语篇的纽带,也是相关语句信息的结合点。
命题人常在这些"关节"上设置题目,考查学生的逻辑思维和语言应用能力。
常用的逻辑连词主要有:
(1)词(包括连词、副词和少数介词),如and,but,or,because,though,however,yet,therefore,otherwise,despite等;
(2)短语,如inotherwords,morethan,inaddition,asaresult,sothat,onthecontrary,insteadof等;(3)分句和独立结构,如thatistosay,what’smore,allthingsconsidered等。
逻辑连词对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。
考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑连词,找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项,如其同义词、近义词或反义词等,有时这些词、短语会在文中复现。
三、通达文章语境,明辨词语差异
高考完形填空的选项一般属于同一词类,有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。
为了顺利解答此类题,考生在平时记忆单词时,要在例句中把握其用法,并能在考试中结合具体语境,比较四个选项的细微差别,推敲出最佳答案。
四、活用知识积累,甄别习惯搭配
词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配,特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。
如果考生在备考时能牢固地掌握习惯用法或固定搭配,并在解题时灵活运用,就能达到事半功倍的效果。
五、联系生活常识,再现相关情景
完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文或夹叙夹议文或富有哲理的论说文,材料都非常贴近学生的生活。
考生在解题时,可以根据生活常识或常识想象当时的情景,从而作出正确的判断。
六、了解文化背景,克服母语干扰
完形填空中常交织、渗透着各类文化背景知识。
有些选项的设置与文化背景有关,这就要求考生有较宽的知识面,同时具备一定的文化意识,特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力,这样才能既快又准地解题。
题型特训
A
Thesnowwasfallingandtheroadshadbecomedangerous.Theschoolsweredismissedearly,butmuchtomysurprise,my1wasn’tcanceled.SoIwent,feelingespeciallyheroic.AsfarasIcouldsee,Iwasriskingmylifetokeepmy2.Snowornosnow,Iwouldbeontimeformyscheduleddonationatthelocal3center.
WhenIgotthere,IdiscoveredIwasn’t4.Fourmore“hero-types”werealreadylyingbackindonorchairswithlines5totheirveins,andmachinesquietlypumpingawayto6theirlifesavinggifts.
Seeingmyfellowdonorshonoringtheirowncommitments,IrealizedwhyIwasthere.Ilaybackinmydonorchair,readytomakeadifferenceinthelifeofsomeoneIwouldnever7.
Tobehonest,I’dneverreallythoughtaboutwhyIdonate.Ijustdoit.Butafewmonthsago,duringoneofmy8donationsIlearnedthatmybloodwasspecificallyforacancerpatientandforanewbornbaby—bothpatientsneededwhatIwouldgiveinordertolive.I’veviewedmyvisitstothebloodcenter9eversince.
MywifeKarenisa10,too.Andmoreimportantly,shehasbeenonthebonemarrow(骨髄)listforfifteenyears,eversinceshesigneduptoprovidebonemarrowtoakindergartnerwithleukemia(白血病).ThatlittlegirldiedbeforeKaren’sbonemarrowcouldhelpher,11Karenwascalledagainrecently.Hertestresultswerestillonfile,anditturnedoutshewasapotential12forsomeoneelse.ThecalleraskedKarenifshewouldstillbewillingtobecomeabonemarrowdonor.“Yes,”shesaidandthenimmediatelybeganansweringquestionsonthepagesofpaperworkforfurthertesting.Itwasarace13time.
IwishIcouldsaythatthis14waswon.Itwasn’t.ThecallerlaterthankedKarenforherparticipationandaskedafewmorequestions—includingwhetherornotshe’d15onthedonorlist.“Ofcourse,”Karenanswered.
LastweekKarengavebloodandnextweekI’llmakemyusualdonation.I’ll16anafternoonfrommyscheduleandmakeanappointment.Idon’tknowwhoselifemydonationmay17.Mostlikelyitwillbea18,butonanydaythepersonneedingabloodproductcouldbeyouormeormaybealovedone.Itisworthwhileto19ourtimetodonate.
Ireallydofeel20everytimeIdonate.AndIlikethefeeling.
1.A.appointmentB.classC.meetingD.flight
2.A.secretB.balanceC.shapeD.word
3.A.serviceB.shoppingC.bloodD.care
4.A.aloneB.welcomeC.lateD.lucky
5.A.exposedB.attachedC.appliedD.added
6.A.examineB.produceC.collectD.clean
7.A.meetB.forgetC.missD.recognize
8.A.regularB.unexpectedC.specialD.pleasant
9.A.wiselyB.differentlyC.hesitantlyD.carefully
10.A.receiverB.doctorC.patientD.donor
11.A.orB.butC.andD.for
12.A.riskB.customerC.matchD.partner
13.A.beyondB.withC.againstD.of
14.A.honorB.testC.prizeD.race
15.A.rankB.signC.appearD.remain
16.A.clearB.separateC.loseD.remove
17.A.touchB.affectC.createD.enrich
18.A.childB.strangerC.heroD.friend
19.A.spendB.saveC.killD.take
20.A.emptyB.gratefulC.proudD.nervous
B
RhemyElsey,afifth-grader,isdeafandmainlyusessignlanguagetocommunicate,alongwiththe1ofaninterpreter.Someofhisfellowfifth-gradersdecidedto2theirbreakonceaweektoformanAmericanSignLanguageclubinordertochatmore3withRhemy.
It’sbeenafewmonthssincetheclubwas4andhisclassmates’participationhas5Rhemy.“It’sliketheywanttobelikeme”hesaid.
ThoughRhemysignstocommunicatewithothers.hehascochlearimplants(耳蜗植入)thathelphim6.Hisinterpreter,TammyArvin,7theclub,whichmeetseveryWednesday.Sofar,theclubmembershavelearnedbasic8indifferenttopicsincludingschool,foodandclothing.
Arvinwhoaccompanieshimduringschoolsaidthat9theclub’sformation,notonlywasitdifficultforstudentstocommunicatedirectlywithRhemy,hisuseofaninterpreteralsoledto10challengesforhim.“Itcanbereally11fordeafkidsfromasocialandemotionalstandpointtohaveaninterpreter12themaroundalldaylong,”Arvinsaid.SowhentheotherstudentsexpressedinterestinanASLclub,Arvinwas13.
Theclubhasalreadyhadaneffectonthewaythestudents14withRhemy.The15canhavemorenaturalconversationswhichmakeRhemyfeellessisolated(孤立的).Andthestudentsarealso16averyimportantculture.
“Theydon’tnecessarilyrealizethey’arelearning…aboutdeafcultureby17thisclub,”Arvinsaid.“It18givesthemaperspectiveonthisother19thattheypreviouslyweren’tawareof,sothey’re20greatlyjustintermsoflearningaboutdiversityandhavingabroaderperspectiveontheworldaroundthem.
1.A.roleB.helpC.ideaD.need
2.A.giveupB.putoffC.prepareforD.talkabout
3.A.openlyB.casuallyC.modestlyD.effectively
4.A.improvedB.formedC.evaluatedD.purchased
5.A.delightedB.worriedC.calmedD.disappointed
6.A.touchB.learnC.speakD.hear
7.A.visitsB.blamesC.instructsD.discovers
8.A.rulesB.goalsC.signsD.games
9.A.sinceB.beforeC.throughD.during
10.A.economicB.intellectualC.politicalD.social
11.A.hardB.luckyC.funnyD.helpful
12.A.drivingB.disturbingC.followingD.protecting
13.A.movedB.embarrassedC.anxiousD.concerned
14.A.agreeB.fightC.compareD.communicate
15.A.kidsB.teachersC.interpretersD.parents
16.A.discussingB.exploringC.savingD.controlling
17.A.breakingupB.approvingofC.lookingintoD.participatingin
18.A.frequentlyB.hardlyC.reallyD.suddenly
19.A.taskB.behaviorC.cultureD.opinion
20.A.fearingB.benefitingC.appreciatingD.ignoring
C
Ithasbeenfiveyears.Noone'squitesurehowSasha,the6-year-oldblackcat,1itfromPortlandtoNewMexicoafterfiveyears.Butapparentlyitisn'tuncommonforcats—whoareknownfortheir2character-togohitchhiking(搭便车).
"It'slikeheneverleft.He'sso3"saiditsownerUsov."IguesshewasonagreatAmerican4”
WhenSashadisappearedin2014,Usovthoughtthecatmighthave5wolves.Butnoteverycatthatdisappears6abadend."It'sverycommonforacatto7onatrainorthebackofatruck,butforacattotravel1,200milesandthengobacktoitsowner?
That8happens."
Sasha'sfurwasmatted(乱成一团的)whenhewasfound9thestreetsbyworkersoftheSantaFeAnimalShelterthismonth.Theysetouttofindhisowner."Sashadidn'tmissameal,"Kirdar,aworkerattheshelter,said.
Theshelterreunitesfamilieswiththeir10petseveryday,11thisisthefirsttimeKirdarhasdoneanin-persondelivery.Sasha's12wouldnothavebeenpossiblehadhenotbeenmicrochipped(植入微芯片的)."Themicrochipisthebestformof13"saidKirdar.However,justgettingyourpetmicrochippedisn'tenough.It'simportantto14themicrochip'sproducerifthereisa15inyourcontactinformation.
1.A.hatedB.madeC.receivedD.learnt
2.A.complexB.popularC.independentD.weak
3.A.happyB.annoyingC.pitifulD.helpful
4.A.adventureB.farmC.islandD.holiday
5.A.teamedwithB.fallenvictimtoC.madefriendswithD.foughtagainst
6.A.bringsB.demandsC.meetsD.expects
7.A.biteB.liveC.sleepD.jump
8.A.actuallyB.rarelyC.normallyD.hopefully
9.A.clearingB.blockingC.wanderingD.checking
10.A.thrilledB.unluckyC.missingD.crazy
11A.andB.butC.becauseD.though
12.A.returnB.illnessC.disappearanceD.movement
13.A.technologyB.civilizationC.identificationD.explanation
14.A.downloadB.recordC.copyD.update
15.A.factB.numberC.nameD.change
D
InOctober2015,ShahbeganpickinguprubbishfromthebeacheverySundaymorning.Atfirst,itwasjusthimandaneighbor,andthenhebegan1otherstojoinin.Wordspreadandwithhelpfromsocialmedia,morevolunteersgot2.
Shahhasn'tstoppedsince.He'snowspent209weekends3tothismission,inspiringmorethan200,0004tojoinhiminwhat'sbeencalledtheworld'sbiggestbeachcleanup.ByOctober2018,VersovaBeachwas5cleanandShah'scleanupsexpandedtoanother6aswellasastretchoftheMithiRiverandotherregionsofIndia.
ForShah,theworkhas7beenapersonaljourney,butithasearned8attention.Afterhewas9asaChampionoftheEarthbytheUnitedNationsin2016,Bollywoodcelebritiesandpoliticians10hismissionandjoinedinhiscleanups.
Today,Shahisalsowor
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