中考英语非谓语动词讲练 5.docx

中考英语非谓语动词讲练 5.docx

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中考英语非谓语动词讲练5

中考英语非谓语动词讲练

非谓语动词

一、定义:

在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词（它不受人称和数的限制）,包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）

二、动词不定式

（一）.不定式的基本形式:

to+V原，不定式的否定形式:

notto+V原

（二）不定式的句法功能（不定式在句中能作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾补、状语）

1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句末：

a.It+be+名词+todosth.

b.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth

c.It+be+形容词+of/forsb+todosth

当形容词表示人的品质时,用of不用for.（careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,

right,silly,stupid,wise,clever）

2.不定式作宾语常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：

wouldlike,want,hope,wish,like,decide,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,.

在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。

IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.

常见的一些不带to的动词不定式的用法:

whynotdosth?

=whydon’tyoudosth?

hadbetter（not）dosth,wouldratherdosth,could/wouldyouplease（not）dosth?

3.不定式作表语Herjobistocleanthehall.

4.不定式作宾语补足语want,wish,ask,tell,help,advise,teach,allow,waitfor,invite,wouldlike,encourage后跟动词不定式作宾补；

使役动词和感官动词常用省略to的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态时，必须加上to.

（一感二听三让四看五帮助）feel,hear,listento,let,make,have,lookat,see,watch,notice,help

5.不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，应放在名词之后；不定式为不及物动词时，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。

Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.

6.不定式常与疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。

Hedidn’tknowwheretogo.=Hedidn’tknowwhereheshouldgo.

7.只能接不定式动词的口诀:

决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事,迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事

decidetodosth.决定做某事,want∕wouldliketodosth.想做某事,plantodosth.计划做某某事,

failtodo未能做某事needtodosth.需要做某事,agreetodosth.同意做某事,affordtodo能做某事,beusedtodo被用来做,can’twaittodo迫不及待地要做某事,makeupone’smindtodo下决心做某事,usedtodo过去常常做某事asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事,tellsb.todosth.命令某人做某事,wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事invitesb.todosth邀请某人做某事,expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事,encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事,promisesb.todo答应某人做某事,allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事,helpsb.（to）dosth.帮助某人做某事

三、动名词

（一）、动名词的构成:

动词原形+-ing

（二）、动名词的句法功能（动名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语）

Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.

Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.

Stampsareusedforsendingletters.

Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.

Sheisinthereadingroom.

（三）、常见接动名词作宾语的动词:

喜欢、考虑不可免，停止、放弃大冒险，介意想象莫推延，要求完成是渴望，建议继续勤练，不禁原谅要坚持，继续注意使成功。

（enjoy,consider,avoid,stop,giveup,risk,mind,imagine,putoff,require,finish,lookforwardto,

suggest,goon,practice,can’thelp,excuse,insiston,keepon,payattentionto,succeedin）

enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事,spend...doingsth.花费…做某事,bebusydoingsth.忙于做…

imaginesb.doingsth.想象…做某事,can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事,feellikedoingsth.想要做某事finishdoingsth.完成做某事,practicedoingsth.练习做某事,missdoingsth.错过做某事

suggestdoingsth.建议做某事,keep（on）doingsth.保持（继续）做某事,minddoingsth.介意做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事,considerdoingsth.考虑做某事,begoodatdoingsth擅长做某事beinterestedindoingsth.对做某事感兴趣,beusedfordoingsth.被用来做某事

thanksb.fordoingsth.谢谢某人做某beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事,putoffdoin推迟做某事,

keep/stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事,giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事,withoutdoingsth.没有做某事,thinkaboutdoingsth.考虑做某事,What/Howaboutdoing做某事怎么样?

lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望做某事payattentiontodoingsth.注意/关注做某事

beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事,preferdoingsthtodoingsth.相比做…，更喜欢做…

四、分词

（一）分词的构成:

现在分词的基本形式由动词+-ing构成，过去分词由动词+-ed构成。

（二）分词的句法构成:

分词在句中可作定语、状语、表语和补语

Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?

Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercises.

Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.

Seenfromthehill,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.

Theboyistoofrghtenedtomove.

Don’tkeepuswaitingforalongtime.

Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.

He’llhavehishaircutafterschool.

现在分词作宾补,现在分词与宾语构成主动关系；过去分词作宾补,过去分词与宾语构成被动关系。

五、动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别

1.forgettodosth忘记去做某事（事未做）forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事（事已做）

2.remembertodosth记住去做某事（事未做）rememberdoingsth记得做了某事（事已做

3.meantodosth打算，想做某事meandoingsth意味着做了某事

4.stoptodosth停下来去做（另一件事）stopdoingsth停止做某事

5.trytodosth尽力去做某事　trydoingsth试着做某事

6.goontodosth接着做（另外一件事）goondoingsth继续做某事（前后做的是同一件事）

7.usedtodosth过去常常做某事beusedtodoingsth习惯做某事

8.needtodosth需要去做某事（主语是人,表主动）needdoingsth需要做某事（主语是物,表被动）

六、如何判断使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词

当句子缺少谓语时，该动词就要使用谓语动词形式（体现时态和语态）；

当句子已有谓语动词且无并列连词时，该动词就用非谓语动词形式。

非谓语动词专项练习

一、选择填空

（）1.Theykeptthefire________tokeepthemwarm.A.toburnB.burnC.burntD.burning

（）2.Who’stheboy________underthetree?

A.standB.tostandC.standingD.stood（）3.Idon’tliketosithere________nothing.

A.doingB.doC.todoD.does

（）4.Thegirlstudentenjoy________Englishsongs.

A.singingB.tosingC.singD.sung

（）5.Thankyoufor________ussowell.

A.toteachB.teachesC.teachingD.taught

（）6.Ioftendosome________onSundays.

A.washedB.towashC.washD.washing

（）7.Theboy________LiHuainClassOneishisbrother.

A.calledB.callingC.tocallD.call

（）8.Itoftentakesmehalfanhour________home.

A.walkingB.towalkC.walkedD.walk

（）9.Don’tforget________hercleanwatereveryday.

A.togiveB.givingC.givenD.give

（）10.Ithinkitimportant________Englishwell.

A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned

（）11.Thefunnystorymakesus________.

A.laughB.laughingC.tolaughD.laughed

（）12.Shewasoftenheard________inEnglish.

A.singB.singingC.sungD.tosing

（）13.Ourteachertoldus________hard.

A.toworkB.workingC.workedD.work

（）14.Couldyoutellme________thisword?

A.tohowreadB.howtoreadC.howreadD.howreadto

（）15.Idon’tknow________.

A.whenstartB.whentostartC.tohowstartD.howstart

（）16.Pleasegivemeapen________.

A.towriteB.writingC.towritewithD.written

（）17.Hewenthome________somebooks.

A.gotB.gettingC.getD.toget

（）18.Remember________lateforclassagain.

A.nottoB.nottobeC.tobenotD.benotto

（）19.Stop________,please.I’vesomethingtotellyou.

A.toreadB.readingC.readD.towrite

（）20.MissLilikesthestudents________questions.

A.askB.askingC.toaskD.asked

（）21.Wouldyouplease________?

A.nottogothereB.togothereC.notgothereD.goingthere

（）22.Youdon’tlookwell.Why________toseethedoctor?

A.nottogoB.younottogoC.notgoD.didn’tgo

（）23.There’ssomethingwrong________myradio.I’llhaveit________.

A.with,fixedB.with,fixingC.on,toberepairedD.in,repaired

（）24.Let’s________tothecinematogether.

A.togoB.goingC.goD.went

（）25.JimaskedLiPing________hisbestwishestoeverybody.

A.giveB.gaveC.givingD.togive

（）26.Haveyoureadthebook?

It’sworth________.

A.readB.toreadC.readingD.toreading

（）27.Pleasetellhim________thelightwhenheleaves.

A.toturnoffB.turndownC.turnoffD.toreading

（）28.I’msorry________yourfriendisill.

A.hearB.tohearC.listenD.tolisten

（）29.Youhadbetter________homeatonce.Don’tkeepyourmother________.

A.to,waitB.going,waitingC.togo,towaitD.go,waiting

（）30.________inthesunisbadforyoureyes.

A.ReadB.ReadsC.ReadingD.Toreading

（）31.Whenthelittlebabysawhermother________,shecouldn’thelp________.

A.coming,laughingB.come,tolaughC.come,laughsD.came,laughing

（）32.Willyoupleasegetmesomething________?

A.toeatB.eatC.eatingD.foreating

（）33.Thestoryis________.Soweare________init.

A.interest,interestingB.interesting,interesting

C.interested,interestingD.interesting,interested

（）34.I’dlike________awordwithyou.

A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have

（）35.Bythentheremaybeonlystandingroomontheearth.__willbeaveryseriousproblem.

A.WheretogoB.WheretoliveC.WheretosittingD.Wheretostand

（）36.Hurryup!

It’stime________.

A.forhaveclassB.havingclassC.haveclassD.tohaveclass

（）37.Canyoufinish________anelephantintwominutes?

A.drawB.todrawC.drewD.drawing

（）38.Thedoctorwasbusy________ontheboyatthattime.

A.operateB.operatingC.tooperatedD.operated

（）39.Itwasverylateatnigh,butMr.Brownstillwenton________.

A.worksB.workedC.workingD.work

（）40.Ihavesomethingimportant________you.

A.tellB.tellingC.totellD.tellto

（）41.It’simportant________andhelpful.

A.tobekindB.tokindC.bekindD.kind

（）42.Theyoungmanisoldenough________thearmy.

A.joinB.joiningC.tojoinD.joins

（）43.Hiswishwas________ascientist.

A.tobecomesB.becomesC.becomeD.tobecome

（）44.OnSundaysIprefer________athometo________out.

A.tostay,goB.staying,goC.staying,goingD.tostay,going

（）45.A:

Whatmadeyousosad?

B:

________threeticketstothepopmusicconcert.A.LostB.LosingC.BecauseofconcertD.SinceIlost

（）46.Theteacheragreed________lessonstohisstudents.

A.giveB.thathegiveC.togiveD.thathewillgive

（）47.Allthestudentslearned________upwordsinadictionary.

A.lookhowB.howtolookC.howlookD.tohowlook

（）48.Nobodyknew________alivinginthatcountry.

A.gotoB.tomakeC.howtogoD.howtomake

（）49.Thebabystarted________.Try________itquiet.

A.cry,keepB.tocry,tokeepC.tocry,keepD.cry,tokeep

（）50.Hehopes________better,butneverworkshard.

A.howtostudyB.tohowstudyC.tostudyhowD.tostudy

（）51.Ineverheardhim________so.

A.sayB.tosayC.sayingD.havingsaid

（）52.Theteachermadeherstudents________texttwiceaday.

A.recitetheB.recitingC.torecitetheD.recitedthe

（）53.Shewasseen_______paperplanesintheroom.

A.madeB.tomakeC.makesD.making

（）54.Wesometimesheard_______songsinEnglish.

A.thathesingB.thathesingsC.h