Qualitative Reserach of Ethnic Diversity in Indonesia and Diverse Perspectives of People.docx

Qualitative Reserach of Ethnic Diversity in Indonesia and Diverse Perspectives of People.docx

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QualitativeReserachofEthnicDiversityinIndonesiaandDiversePerspectivesofPeople

QualitativeResearchofEthnic

DiversityinIndonesiaandDiverse

PerspectivesofPeople

May2011

Lee,Ju-won（BBA,SolBridgeInternationalSchoolofBusiness）

I.Introduction

Overtime,theworldwaspronetoamalgamatepeopleovertheworldduetoglobalization.Evenwithcoexistingflowoffactionsholdingeitherfundamentalismonethnicityordiversityofcultures,diversitydesiringwasapttobemoreofrecommendedideologyratherthantheformerapproachtoculture.Diversitypursuitisnotonlyconfinedcertainsectorsofsocietybutsocietyaswholelikeschool,politics,localcommunity,andmanyothers.Asofanexample,SolBridgeInternationalSchoolofBusinessisanewlyestablishedschoolinDaejeon,Korea,inpursuitofofferinginternationalbusiness.Notonlytheyofferbusinessrelatedcourses,butprovidesmulticulturalenvironmenttohavelearnersadapttonovelatmosphere.Hitherto,nevertheless,evenwiththemainstreamflowtiltingtowardsthediversity,therestillexistregionsbearingextremelysensitiveethnic-relatedsocialissues.FrancewasrecriminatedofdiscriminatingMuslimpeoplewearinghijabinpublicplace.UnitedStatesofAmericanisasymbolicnationwithinterculturalmatterasitofbeingdiversecountryitself.KoreansocietysufferedsimilarcontroversyinregardstohavingnegativestereotypetoSouth-EastAsians,whileshowingradicalsubmissivenesstoWesternersregardlessoftheirpotentialdefects.Thoughthestatusquoisinthecontinuumofalteration,patienceishighlyexpectedduringtheprocessofchanges.OneofseveralseriousissuesinregardstointerculturalenvironmentisdifficultiesthattheSino-Indonesianpeoplehadtogonethroughwhichispresumablyinprogress.Whilesuchissuesarenotprovokedasmuchtointernationalpublic,itiscrucialtonotethefactthatinternalcontroversiesarenotsettledandmaycausefurtherconflictsamongpeople.Sino-IndonesianisasubstitutingtermofChinese-Indonesianpeople.Chinese-IndonesiangenerallybearsfullChineseancestryusuallynotmixedwithpreviousnativesofIndonesia.Theirstatusinthecountry,mostlyineconomicrealm,causedthoroughaversiontoeachother.TheunstablereciprocalemotionbetweenpeoplewithandwithoutChinesebackgroundseemstobemaintaining.Thiswasinthescopeofinterestinthebeginningof2011whentheauthorencounteredagroupofIndonesianexchangestudentswhoweretoattendtheschoolthattheauthorattends.Fromtheappearancetopreferenceofmusic,itseemedtohavedigressedfrompreviousprediction.Authorhadsetupampleamountofpeopleamongthatgroupinhumannetworkandexperiencedsocializationoverlongtime.Despitecontinuousinteractionwiththem,theauthorrealizeddeficiencyinscholasticrealmthatprofoundknowledgewasnotdealttoomuch.Offfromgeneralinteraction,theauthorrecognizedtheneedofstudyingsensitiveissuetomeetthedemandofin-depthresearchforinterculturalcommunicationcourseofferedinSolBridgeInternationalSchoolofBusiness.Thiswriterthereforewouldlikeputalightonthematteranddiscussfurtheraccordingtotheresearchconducted.ThisreportisaqualitativeresearchregardingindividualisticandstructuralintricacytheSino-Indonesian,theChinese-Indonesianhavebeengoingthroughuptonow.Qualitativeresearchwasadoptedasamethodofstudytoallowreaderstohavein-depthknowledgeregardingtheminorityissue.Open-endinterviewwasconductedinaliberatingenvironmenttoallowintervieweestofreelyengageininterview.Matterofsubjectivityhoweverisacknowledgedduetotheresearchmethod.PersonalresearchondocumentsofIndonesiawasoperatedaswellwhichalsoleavesroomforunderstandingthedatainone’sperspective.Representativenessofthesampletopopulation1）mayalsobeardeficitssincesamplingprocessismissing.Itwillbegoaloftheauthortohavereadersbecriticalaboutthecontentsofitandhavethoroughunderstandingoftheculturewithalongformingtheirownopinion.ThisreportwillinitiatepresentationofstatusquoinIndonesiabyofferingbasicinformationofpolitics,religion,history,andsomeothercontentsthatareconsideredtobeimportanttooffer.Itwillthenofferbasicinformationonthecultureaccordingto‘TheIcebergofCulture’2）.Thereportwilldiscussmainlytwoparts.OneisculturegeneraldealingwithsocialminorityissueinIndonesia.Theotherpartwillbediscussingbusinessrealminthecontinuumofcultureduetotheauthorattendingbusinessschool,requiringrelativeunderstandingofcultureandbusiness.Predominantcontenthoweverwillbedealingwiththeearliersphere.ThenthepaperwillbedealingwithinterviewtoIndonesianswhoarecurrentlyattendingSolBridgeInternationalSchoolofBusinesstohaveprofoundunderstanding3）.Observeresultfrominteractionwithpeoplefromtheculturewillalsobedealt.Contentswillbepresentedintherelationwiththetheoriesthatweredealtinthetextbookusedin‘InterculturalCommunication’courseofferedinSolBridgeInternationalSchoolofBusiness.Generosityistobeaskedregardingdigressionofformatduetothequantityofcontentstomydearinstructor.Formatofpapermaybearsomedeficitsfromstrictacademicstandardforthewriterwasnoteducatedinsettingfirmformation.ItwasinevitablefortheauthortoconductresearchbasedonSino-Indonesian.OneofthereasonswashavingheavilySino-Indonesianpopulationattendingintheschoolthattheauthorattends.Theotherreasonisthatdealingwiththeissuesofsocialminoritiescouldneverbeimplementedwithoutconversingwiththosepeople.Personalcommentsandperspectiveswereflourishingfromthosepeopleregardingtheintricacythattheythemselvesandtheirforefathershadtoexperience.Inthecontinuumofstatusofresearchconducting,itisinevitablefortheauthortohighlyappreciatethewillingnessofthestudentstoopenlyallowmetowriteonthesensitivematterthatisrelatedtotheiridentity.Itcouldhavebeentrulyunderstandableevenifsomeofthemwerereluctantaboutsayingthisissue.Duetothegenerosityofexaminees,itwaspossibletotakealookintomattersintheircountryandlearnmoredeeply.IalsowouldliketoappreciatefortheopportunitytoDr.DawnDavies（Professor,SolBridgeInternationalSchoolofBusiness）.Suchdeficienciesasemphasizedearliercanbedetectedthroughoutthereport.Ifforanychancetherebearsdeficiencyorlack,notwithstandingthesupportsthattheauthorreceived,theproblemwillstematthelackofabilitytoperformgreatlyinwritingresearchpaper.Inowwouldliketoinitiatepresentinginterculturalcontentsstartingwithbasicinformationprovisionasemphasizedearlier.Itwillbegreathonourfortheauthortobeabletooffervaliddatatothosewhoareinterestedinlearninginterculturalissuesallovertheworld.

1）‘Population’instatistics,alsoknownasuniverseistheentirefiniteoinfiniteaggregateofindividualsoritemsfromwhichsamplesaredrawnaccordingto

2）Davies.Dawn.（2011）.AnIntroductiontoInterculturalCommunicationSolBridgeInternationalSchoolofBusiness（Spring,2011）

3）Bythetimethereportwaswritten,theauthorwasattendinginthefirstsemesterof2011springsemester.

II.BackgroundKnowledgeofIndonesia

Politics

PoliticsofIndonesiaisaveryrivetingexistencetostudyonduetohowitsharescommonfacetwithsuchcountrylikeKorea.Koreahadaformersoldierasapresidentbackin60’sand70’s.Whilehewascreditedandsupportedbysomepeopleforhisachievementineconomy,someotherarguethatsupportingandclaimhowhavingauthoritarianandmilitantgovernmentcanseverelyharmthelivingconditionofindividuals.Indonesiaalsohadgonethroughmilitaryfigurerulingthecountry.Disregardingtheevaluationonthefiguresatthattimeandtodescribesheerfacts,Suharto,thesecondpresidentofIndonesiaraisedcoupd'Etatagainsttheveryfirstpresident,Sukarno.ItisalsointerestingtoseehowthebothSuhartoandParkJung-Hee,theKoreanarmyfigureemphasizedabove,sharesincommonofhavingsupportsfromJapanandputtingpropagandatothepublicsayingthecountryasawholeaversetocommunism.Dictatorshiphoweverfell.Suhartowasreprimandedforhiscorruptactionsandcausedpeopletobefuryofit.IndonesianRevolutionof1998causedhimtogodownfrompresidency.BacharuddinJusufHabibietookoverthegovernmentbutendedupfinishinghispresidencyearlywithlosingpublicsupportfromhisactiontowardsEastTimor.AbdurrahmanWahidfollowedafterBabibie.Wahidisthefirstpresidenttobeelectedbyareferendum.5thpresidentwaswomanwhoisdaughteroftheveryfirstpresident.CurrentlypresidentnamedYudhoyonoisincharge.Fromtheinterviewsconducted,havingbeentohavesettledmoreofdemocraticprocedurewhenelectingpresident,thoughmanyproblemsmaynothavesolved,sofaritseemsmoreofstabilizedsituation.

Religion

ReligioninIndonesiaisacrucialparttodealwith.Environmentfosteredpeopletochooseorbeassignedofreligionthatmostofthemarenotatheist.PredominantforceofreligionisMuslim.Infact,IndonesiaholdsthehighestpercentageofpeoplebelievinginIslamintheworld.88%ofpeoplebelieveinthereligionwithsomesectarianslikeSunihandSias.FortheMuslimsitseemsthatreligiontendstosucceedthroughgenerations.AprovincecalledYogyakartaconstituteswithpredominantMuslimresidentswithSultanrulingtheregionwhichimplieshowthiscountrybearsitsdistinctivecharacteristicsasaMuslimnation.Somanyotherreligions