中考语法被动语态的归纳讲解.docx
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中考语法被动语态的归纳讲解.docx
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中考语法被动语态的归纳讲解
被动语态
PassiveVoice
I本章要点
1.需要使用被动语态的情况。
2.各时态的被动语态结构。
3.主动语态和被动语态的转换。
4.双宾语结构的被动转换。
5.不能使用被动语态的词和词组。
6.常见主动语态表被动的词和词组。
7.havesth.done的双重含义。
II被动语态语法点分述
1、需要使用被动语态的情况
1.不知道或不必提及动作的执行者
ØThisbridgewasbuiltin1700.
这座桥建于1700年。
2.强调动作的承受者
ØFrankwashitbyacar.
弗兰克被车撞了。
3.说话者希望所说的内容更加客观,避免就自己不太肯定的事表态
ØItissaidthatJapan’sindustrialprogressafterthewarwasveryremarkable.
据说战后日本的工业进步非常显著。
2、各时态的被动语态结构
被动语态的基本结构为:
bedone
请完成表格:
(以do为例)
一般
进行
完成
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
♥Attention♥
含情态动词的被动式:
can/may/must+be+done
Ø芝士蛋糕必须得趁冷吃。
Cheesecakemustbeservedcold.
★小试身手★
请用下面括号内单词的适当形式填空:
1)Aspeech_______________________(give)thisafternoon.
2)Theclassroom_______________________(clean)everyday.
3)Someeffectivemeasures_______________________(take)sincelastyear.
4)Mymother’sfavoritevase_______________________(break)yesterday.
5)Thebook_______________________(read)fourtimesbytheendoflastsemester.
6)Anamusementpark_______________________(build)inourcitynow.
7)Thetechniciantoldmethatmywatch_______________________(repair)in1hour.
8)Theproblem_______________________(discuss)thistimeyesterday.
9)Hesaidthathe_______________________(invite)totheparty.
10)Thousandsoftrees_______________________(plant)inthisareabytheendofthisyear.
11)Theclothes_______________________(deliver)tothepoorareanextmonth.
三、主动语态和被动语态的转换
1.陈述句改为被动句
ØHewasmakingamodelplane.
2.一般疑问句改为被动句
ØDidMike’steachergivemuchhomeworkyesterday?
3.特殊疑问句改为被动句
ØWhenwillJackfinishhishomework?
ØWhatdidLinda’sfathermendlastnight?
★小试身手★
请把下列句子变为被动句:
1)Iwassurepeoplewouldpunishhim.
2)Theymayopenanewschoolnextyear.
3)Cantheboypickupheavyweights?
4)Willyourmotherkissyouonyourweddingdaynextweek?
四、双宾语结构的被动转换
双宾语结构的转换原则
★小试身手★
请改写下列句子,保持句意不变:
1)MyfatherboughtmeaMiniCooper.
物做主语:
人做主语:
2)Thewaiterhasnotbroughtusthecoffee.
物做主语:
人做主语:
♥Attention♥
以下动词与介词to搭配:
以下动词与介词for搭配:
★小试身手★
请用括号里的词翻译句子:
1)这个房间是为史密斯一家预定的。
(reserve)
2)你不要指望任何人能为了你而变化。
(change)
五、不能使用被动语态的词和词组
1.不及物动词及短语
出现
死
消失
躺
升起
同意
属于
爆发
由…组成
赶上
发生
2.静态动词
变成
有益于
等于
失败
包含
缺少
持续
意味着
值…钱
适合
★真题试炼★
1)Anaccident_______onthisroadlastweek.
A.hasbeenhappened
B.washappened
C.ishappened
D.happened
2)Greatchanges_______inChinasincethePeople’sRepublicofChina_______in1949.
A.havetakenplace;wasfounded
B.hastakenplace;wasfounded
C.havebeentakenplace;founded
D.tookplace;founded
3)Thepen_______me.Itishers.
A.isn’tbelongto
B.wasn’tbelongto
C.doesn’tbelongto
D.didn’tbelongto
六、常见主动语态表被动的词和词组
1.常见系动词:
Ø井水尝起来好甜。
Ø这块丝绸布料摸起来很光滑。
2.一些动词在主动表示被动时,通常和well等副词连用,这些动词有:
Ø这支笔很好写。
Ø这幅眼镜戴起来很舒服。
3.用动名词的主动形式来代替被动,这类动词主要有:
Ø孩子们需要照看。
Ø你值得拥有这些奖励。
Øbeworthdoingsth.某事值得做
值得做的事就值得做好。
4.be+adj.+todo
当这个句型的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时,我们一般用主动表被动。
Englishishardtolearn.(English是tolearn的逻辑宾语,所以不用被动。
)
Ø这本书很难跟上。
(follow)
Ø他说的话很容易理解。
(Whathesaid)
七、havesth.done的双重含义
1.某事被别人完成
Ø你多久剪一次头发?
2.某人的一种经历
Ø我昨晚把手臂摔断了。
IIIReviewwhatyouhavelearnt
I.选择题:
1.Theflowersweresolovelythatthey______innotime.
A.sold
B.hadbeensold
C.weresold
D.wouldsell
2.ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhere_____yet.
A.hasn’tbeendecided
B.haven’tdecided
C.isn’tbeingdecided
D.aren’tdecided
3.ItissaidthattheearlyEuropeanplaying-cards______forentertainmentandeducation.
A.werebeingdesigned
B.weredesigned
C.havebeendesigned
D.havedesigned
4.Althoughthecausesofcancer______,wedonotyethaveanypracticalwaytopreventit.
A.arebeinguncovered
B.havebeenuncovering
C.arediscovering
D.havediscovered
5.Millionsofpounds’worthofdamage______byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.
A.hasbeencaused
B.hadbeencaused
C.willbecaused
D.willhavebeencaused
6.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,which______thePacific,andwemetnostorms.
A.wascalled
B.iscalled
C.hadbeencalled
D.hasbeencalled
7.Themomentthe28thOlympicGames______open,thewholeworldcheered.
A.declared
B.havebeendeclared
C.havedeclared
D.weredeclared
8.--Whydidyouleavethatposition?
--I______abetterpositionatIBM.
A.offer
B.offered
C.amoffered
D.wasoffered
9.--GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?
--No,I______.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?
A.wasnotinvited
B.havenotbeeninvited
C.hadn’tbeeninvited
D.didn’tinvite
10.Thehero’sstory______differentlyinthenews-papers.
A.wasreported
B.wasreporting
C.reports
D.reported
11.AsChinagrowsstrongerandstronger,Chinese______inmoreandmoreschoolsoutofourcountry.
A.teaches
B.istaught
C.hastaught
D.wastaught
I.请把下列句子变为被动语态
1.Isawtheboyrunyesterday.
2.Hetoldmethathewouldcomebacksoon.
3.Youcouldfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.
4.Doyouwateryourflowerseveryday?
5.Thewindblewdownthebigtreelastnight.
6.Whencanyoufinishthisjob?
7.Howdidhecuttheloafintothickslices?
II.翻译
1.有人给你打电话。
2.这座大楼什么时候建成?
3.不会准你带这么多行李。
4.道路当时正在加宽。
5.这是今年我第三次被偷了。
6.真是奇怪这个灯又被打开了。
7.这就是那张已经被洗过两次的一百元钞票。
8.--什么时候能开始装修房子?
--应该是一个月以后吧。
9.当我们在手术的时候,没有人能碰这个按钮。
III.用动词的适当形式填空:
Thefirstchocolate________________(eat)peopleinSouthAmericahundredsofyearsago.Inthosedays,thepeopledidnotreallyeatchocolate.Theyusedthecocoabeantomakeachocolatedrinkandtheyenjoyeditverymuch.Manyyearslater,thecocoabean________________(bring)toothercountriesandpeoplecametolovethetasteofchocolate.
In1824,JohnCadbury________________(open)asmallshopinBritain.Oneofthethingsthey________________(sell)waschocolatedrink.In1831,heopenedafactorytomakechocolatedrink.Hewantedtoencouragepeopletodrinkchocolateinsteadofotherdrinks.Afewyearslater,aman________________(call)JosephFryfoundawaytomakechocolateinsteadofonlydrinkingit.Butatthattimechocolatewasveryexpensiveandonlytherichpeoplecouldbuyit.Later,asmoreandmorechocolatebars________________(produceandsell),itbecamecheaper.
However,atfirstonlyplainchocolate(akindofchocolatewithoutmilkandwithverylittlesugar)________________(produce).Milkchocolatecamelaterandthis________________(make)byaddingmilktothechocolate.Thefirstmilkchocolatebar________________(make)inCadbury’sfactoryin1897.Theirmostfamouschocolate,Cadbury’sMilkBar,________________(make)in1905.IthasbeenthemostpopularchocolateinBritainandaroundtheworldforover100years.TheCadbury’sfactoryisstillinBritainandthechocolateproducedthere________________(eat)allovertheworld.Everyyear,thousandsofvisitorsvisitthefactoryinordertoseehowchocolate________________(make).
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