英语课程标准英文版.docx

英语课程标准英文版.docx

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英语课程标准英文版

NewEnglishCurriculumforChinesePrimarySchoolsandJunior/SeniorMiddleSchools

ExperimentalVersiondraftedbytheEducationMinistryofthePRC

Noteonthistranslation

ThisEnglishversionofChina’snewcurriculumforEnglishisintendedforVSOvolunteerswhowouldliketofeelbetterinformedaboutadocumentthatiscentraltoourwork.However,itshouldinnowayberegardedasanofficialtranslation.Infact,itisneitherawordforwordtranslationnorasummary.Theappendixtotheoriginal,whichincludeslistsofspecificlanguageitemstobemastered,hasbeenomitted,ashavesomeleveldescriptorsandsamplelearningactivities.Despitetryingtomakeitmorereadable,thisversionreflectstherepetitivenatureoftheoriginal,withthesamekeywordscroppingupoverandoveragain.Volunteersshouldalsorefertothemoreofficial（butstillnotcompletelyofficial!

）translationofthenewEnglishcurriculumspecificallyforseniormiddleschoolsavailablefromtheProgrammeOffice.Anyfeedbackonthisversionwouldbewelcome.

TimMartin

ShaanxiInstituteofEducation,October2005

Part1:

Introduction

Withtheadventoftheinformationageandtheglobaleconomy,Englishhasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Englishisthedominantcarrierofinformationandthemostwidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.ManycountrieshavemadeEnglishacornerstoneofqualityeducationwhendevelopingstrategiesforbasiceducation.

SinceChina’sreformandopening,thescaleofitsEnglisheducationhascontinuallygrown,attendedbysignificantachievementsinteachingandlearning.However,Englisheducationinitscurrentformisfailingtomeettheneedsofcontemporarysocialandeconomicdevelopment.

ThecurrentroundofreformstotheEnglishcurriculumaimtoendthefollowingpractices:

●Over-emphasizingthetransmissionandexplanationofknowledgeaboutgrammarandvocabulary

●Neglectingtodevelopstudents’abilitytouselanguageforreal

Intheirplace,thereformsaimtoestablishacurriculumthat:

●Developsstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence

●Motivatesstudents,isrelevanttotheirlifeexperiencesandcognitivelevel

●Promotestask-basedteachingmethods

●Involvesstudentsinexperiential,practical,participatoryandcooperativelearning

●Developsstudents’positiveattitudes,thinkingskills,practicalabilities,culturalawarenessandautonomythroughthelanguagelearningprocess

1.TheNatureoftheNewCurriculum

ThenewEnglishcurriculumstrivestoaccomplishfarmorethanjusthelpstudentslearnEnglish.AtonelevellearningEnglishshouldinvolvehelpingstudentsto:

●Developacertainlevelofcomprehensivelanguagecompetenceandtheabilitytouselanguageforrealcommunication

●Mastercertainbasiclanguageknowledge

●Masterlistening,speaking,readingandwritingskills

However,atanotherlevelthecurriculumshouldalsoservestudents’all-rounddevelopment,providingthemwithopportunitiesto:

●StrengthentheirinterestinstudyingEnglish

●Growinself-discipline,perseveranceandself-confidence

●Improvetheircooperative,investigativeandthinkingabilities

●Developtheirmemory,imaginationandcreativity

●Adoptgoodstudyhabitsandeffectivelearningstrategies

●Developasautonomousandlifelonglearners

●Buildmoralintegrityandahealthyoutlookonlife

●Establishbothnationalspiritandanawarenessofandrespectforculturaldifferences

●Broadentheirhorizonsandenrichtheirlifeexperience

●Takepartinculturallife

●Developasindividuals

2.BasicPrinciplesoftheNewCurriculum

Thecurriculumpromotesqualityeducation（asopposedtoexam-orientatededucation）andtheall-rounddevelopmentofthestudents

Topromotequalityeducationparticularattentionmustbepaidto:

●Valuingeachstudent’sfeelings

●Stimulatingstudents’interestinstudyingEnglish

●Helpingstudentsgainasenseofachievementandself-confidence

Thecurriculummustgobeyonddevelopingstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetencetoincludeareassuchas:

●Improvingstudents’abilitytocontributetoculturalandsociallife

●Developingstudents’practicalabilities

●Fosteringstudents’creativity

Thecurriculumobjectivesareholisticandflexible.

ThefundamentalaimofthenewEnglishcurriculumistodevelopstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence.Thisaimisbrokendownintofivegeneralobjectives.Theseobjectivesarethendividedintonineabilitylevelswithdescriptorsprovidedforeachlevel.Thefivegeneralobjectivesare:

1.LanguageSkills

2.LanguageKnowledge

3.AttitudestoLearning

4.LearningStrategies

5.CulturalAwareness

Thisdesignallowsstudentstoprogresssystematicallythrougheachlevelwhilstmeetingthefullrangeofthecurriculum’sdemands.

Studentsareputatthecentreofthecurriculumandindividualdifferencesarerespected

Students’mustbeattheheartofthenewcurriculum.Forexample,theirdevelopmentalneedsmustbethecentralconsiderationwhendeveloping:

●Curriculumobjectives

●Theteachingandlearningprocess

●Theassessmentprocess

●Teachingandlearningresources

Whenimplementingthecurriculumeachstudentmustbeallowedtodevelopindividuallyundertheguidanceoftheteacher:

Thecurriculumpromotesactivity-basedmethods,experientialandparticipatorylearning

Thecurriculumpromotestask-basedlearningwhereby,undertheguidanceoftheteacher,thestudentsgainasenseofachievementbyreachingthegoalsofthetask.Taskcompletionwillinvolvethefollowingtypesoflearning:

●Sensory

●Experiential

●‘Handson’/practical

●Participatory

●Cooperative

Inordertoimprovetheirabilitytouselanguageforrealcommunication,studentsshouldalsobeableto:

●Adjusttheirlearningstrategiesandcontroltheiremotions

●Formpositiveattitudestowardslearning

Thecurriculumrecognizestheimportantroleofformativeassessmentinpromotingstudent’development

Theassessmentsystemshouldcombineformativewithsummativeassessment.Thepurposesofassessmentshouldbeto:

●Promotestudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence

●Encourageandmotivatestudents

●Helpstudentsbecomemoreautonomouslearners

●Benefitstudents’healthypersonaldevelopment

●Giveteachersusefulfeedbackfromwhichtodevelopteachingandlearning

●InformtheongoingdevelopmentandperfectionoftheEnglishcurriculum

FormativeassessmentshouldbeanimportantpartoftheEnglishteachingandlearningprocesswithaparticularemphasison:

●Encouragingstudents’activeparticipationinlearning

●Improvingstudents’self-confidence

Summativeassessmentshouldfocuson:

●Testingstudents’integratedlanguageskills

●Testingstudents’abilitytouselanguage

Thecurriculumexpandstherangeoflearningresourcesandopportunitiesavailable

Thecurriculumshouldstrivetouseanddevelopresourceswhosecontentis:

●Realistic

●Closetothestudents’lives

●Contemporary

●Healthy

●Richandvaried

Activeuseshouldbemadeof:

●Audiovisualmaterial

●Printmedia

●TheInternet

Studentsshouldbeencouragedtotakeresponsibilityforfinding,usinganddevelopinglearningresourcesthemselves.

3.TheCurriculumDesign

Thecurriculumfollowstheinternationalpracticeofdividingthegeneralobjectivesintodifferentabilitylevels.Whendesigningtheseninelevelsconsiderationwasgiventothefollowing:

●Thenatureoflanguagedevelopment

●Thedifferentneedsofdifferentagegroups

●Theneedsofdifferentethnicgroupsandareas

●TheeconomicimbalancesthatexistinChina

Theaimistohavedesignedasystemthatisholisticandflexible.

Thecorrespondencebetweenthelevelsystemandthegradesystemisshowninthefollowingdiagram:

PrimarySchool

Worktowards:

Notes

Grade3

Level1

StudentsshouldstartstudyingEnglishinGrade3

Grade4

Level1

Grade5

Level2

Grade6

Level2

Therequiredstandardfortheendofprimaryschool

JuniorMiddleSchool

Worktowards:

Notes

Grade7（=Junior1）

Level3

Grade8（=Junior2）

Level4

Grade9（=Junior3）

Level5

Therequiredstandardfortheendofjuniormiddleschool

SeniorMiddleSchool

Worktowards:

Notes

Senior1

Level6

Senior2

Level7

Senior3

Level8

Therequiredstandardforseniormiddleschoolgraduation

Level9

Anextensionlevelforspecialistschoolsandablestudents

Diagram1:

TheLevelsandtheGrades

Part2:

IntroductiontoTheGeneralObjectives

Thefundamentalaimofthenewcurriculumistodevelopstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence.Thiscomprehensivelanguagecompetenceisachievedthroughthefivegeneralobjectivesasshowninthefollowingdiagram:

Diagram2:

TheGeneralObjectives

Afurtherdiagramillustratesthemorecomprehensivenatureofthenewcurriculumcomparedtotheoldone:

Diagram3:

ComparisonoftheOldandNewCurriculums

●Languageskillsandknowledgeformthebasisofcomprehensivelanguagecompetence

●Thestudents’attitudestolearningstronglyinfluencetheirlearninganddevelopment

●Successfullearningstrategiesimprovetheeffectivenessofstudents’learning

●Culturalawarenessensuresstudentsuselanguageappropriately

Theoveralldescriptorsforcomprehensivelanguagecompetence（i.e.acombinationofallfivegeneralobjectives）forLevels1to9arepresentedbelow:

Level

Descriptors

1

StudentsarecuriousaboutEnglishandenjoylisteningtopeoplespeakingEnglish.Theycan:

●Playgames,doactionsandactivities（e.g.colouring,joininglines）accordingtosimpleinstructionsfromtheteacher

●Performsimpleroleplays

●SingsimpleEnglishsongs

●Saysimplerhymesandchants

●Understandsimplestor