语言学补充习题.docx
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语言学补充习题.docx
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语言学补充习题
LanguageandLinguistics
1.TheimportantdistinctioninlinguisticsproposedbyChomskyis_____.
A.Synchronicanddiachronic
B.Langueandparole
C.Signifierandsignified
D.Competenceandperformance
2.AccordingtoSaussure,_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
A.parole
B.performance
C.langue
D.language
3.Theterm_________linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeoverthevariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.
A.synchronic
B.diachronic
C.comparative
D.historicalcomparative
4.Languageis____inthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenawordandtheobjectitrefersto.
A.systematic
B.symbolic
C.arbitrary
D.ambiguous
5.Whatfunctionaremostimperativesentencesassociatedwith?
A.Informative
B.Interrogative
C.Phatic
D.Directive
6.Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreecentigrade.”is_________
A.interrogative
B.directive
C.informative
D.performative
6.Everydaywesendmessagesthathaveneverbeensentandunderstandnovelmessages;inthissense,ourlanguageis____.
A.productive
B.interchangeable
C.geneticallytransmitted
D.rule-governed
7.Languagecanrefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisiswhatwemeanby_____.
A.culturaltransmission
B.displacement
C.duality
D.productivity
8.Bydualitywemeanthatlanguagehastwosetsofstructures,oneof_______andtheotherof______.
A.surfacestructure,deepstructure
B.phonemes,morphemes
C.sounds,meanings
D.production,reception
9.AccordingtoChomsky,________istheidealuser’sinternalizedknowledgeofhislanguage.
A.competence
B.parole
C.performance
D.langue
10.Generallinguisticsisthescientificstudyof_________.
A.languageofacertainindividual
B.theGermanlanguage
C.humanlanguagesingeneral
D.thesystemofaparticularlanguage
PhoneticsandPhonology
11.Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherareusedtoconveymeaningincommunicationis_________.
A.morphology
B.generallinguistics
C.phonology
D.phonetics
12.A(n)______isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.
A.phone
B.sound
C.allophone
D.phoneme
13./m,n/are________.
A.fricatives
B.dentals
C.glides
D.nasals
14./w,j/belongto_____.
A.fricatives
B.dentals
C.glides
D.nasals
15.Whichofthefollowingvowelistheroundedone?
A./i:
/
B./u:
/
C./i/
D./a:
/
16.Thevowel/u:
/in/fu:
d/(food)isa_________vowel.
A.back
B.front
C.unrounded
D.central
MORPHOLOGY
17._______isthesmallestunitoflanguageintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent.
A.Word
B.Morpheme
C.Allomorph
D.Root
18._______arethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemestoformaword.
A.Freemorphemes
B.Boundmorphemes
C.Boundwords
D.Words
19._______modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword
A.Prefixes
B.Suffixes
C.Roots
D.Affixes
20.“-s”inthewordbooksis____.
A.aderivativeaffix
B.astem
C.aninflectionalaffix
D.aroot
Note:
root(词根)/affix(词缀),都属于boundmorpheme(粘着词素)
1.root(词根):
apartofaword;itcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsaclear,definitemeaning;itmustbecombinedwithanotherrootoranaffixtoformaword.(一个不能再分,再分就会失去其本义的基本形式)
词根词素可以分为自由词根词素(freerootmorpheme,e.g.rainrainyraincoat
粘着词根词素(boundrootmorpheme)
e.g.geo(theearth)+ology(abranchoflearning)geology,psychology,physiology
tele(distant,far)+visiontelevision,telegraph
transmit,permit,submit‘
maintain,contain,detain
2.Affix词缀
1)inflectional(曲折):
语法关系的标志grammaticalrelations
(number,tense,degree,case)-s,-er,不改变词性
2)derivational(派生):
在词干上加上一个词缀得到一个新词,与词性和意义有关
3.stem词干
Theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.
Itreferstotheleftmorphemeorcombinationofmorphemeswhenoneaffixisremovedforonetime.
e.g.carelessness
21.Whichofthefollowingwordsisaderivationalone?
A.Blackboard
B.Teaches
C.Consideration
D.Books
22.Whichofthefollowingwordsiscreatedthroughtheprocessofacronym?
A.ad
B.edit
C.AIDS
D.Bobo
23.Theword“lab”isformedthrough____.
A.backformation
B.blending
C.clipping
D.derivation
24.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacompoundword ?
A.LandladyB.Greenhouse
C.UpliftD.Unacceptable
20.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas________.
A.lexicalwords
B.grammaticalwords
C.functionwords
D.formwords
21.OpenclassofwordscanconsistofthefollowingcategoriesEXCEPT_________
A.nouns
B.verbs
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