文体学复习一.docx

文体学复习一.docx

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文体学复习一

文体学复习

1、Style:

Mannersindicatingprominentlinguisticfeatures,devicesorpatterns,most（orleast）frequentlyoccurinaparticulartextofaparticularvarietyoflanguage.（有许多种，此为inthisbook,general,linguistic-oriented）,P5

2、Stylistics:

isabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesinascientificandsystematicwayconcerningthemanners/linguisticfeaturesofdifferentvarietiesoflanguageatdifferentlevels.

•Literarystylistics:

concentratessolelyonuniqueandoveralllinguisticfeaturesofthevariousgenresofliterature.（考点）★

★

Thedevelopmentofstylistics

Thescopeofstudy

Threecrucialaspectsofspeech:

①Substances[soundsandsymbols];②Form;③Situation

3、Stylisticanalysis:

isgenerallyconcernedwiththeuniquenessofatext（whatispeculiartotheuseoflanguageinagiventextfordeliveringthemessage）.Thisnaturallyinvolvescomparisonsofthelanguageofthetextwiththatusedinconventionaltypesofdiscourse.Stylisticiansmayalsowishtocharacterizethestyleofagiventextbysystematicallycomparingthelanguageusesinthattextwiththoseinanother.Thus,wemayconcludethatstylisticanalysisisanactivitywhichishighlycomparativeinnature.

Practice5.Analyzethefollowingtext.

Policeman:

What’syourname,boy?

Blackpsychiatrist:

Dr.Poussiant.I’maphysician.

Policeman:

What’syourfirstname,boy?

Blackpsychiatrist:

Alvin.

•Theword‘boy’maybeusedtoaddressamaleinferior.Inaboveconversation,theformisusedtoaddressaphysician,whoisusuallyaccordedhighrespectintheUSandisaddressedas‘Dr.So-and-so’（Title+Surname）.Insistentlyusingtheform‘boy’,thewhitepolicemanshowshisracistcontemptofandprejudiceagainsttheblackpeople.

4、Linguisticdescription:

referstotheexplorationandclassificationoflinguisticfeaturesofagiventext.★

每个category下面的各个分类

（1）ThePhonologyCategory:

Phonologyhereisusedtorefertothesystemofspeechsoundsinalanguage.

（2）TheLexicalCategory:

Lexisisusedheretorefertothechoiceofwords.

（3）TheSyntactic/Grammatical/Category:

Syntaxisusedheretorefertorulesfororderingandconnectingwordsintosentences.

（4）SemanticCategory:

Semanticsisusedheretorefertothemeaningofwords,expressions,etc.andbywhatmeansthemeaningisconveyedfromtheaddressertotheaddressee.

Procedureoflinguisticdescription

1）Worksystematicallythroughthetextandnotedownpointswefeelofsomestylisticsignificancerespectivelyunderthevariousheadings.

2）Quantifythefrequencyofalinguisticfeature.

3）Assesstheimportanceofstylisticfeatures.

4）Makestatementsabouttheoveralllinguisticpictureofthetextinquestion,bringingtogetherdiversefeaturestoshowhowtheyformacoherent,integratedpattern,andmakingjudgmentsaboutorinterpretingthesignificanceofsuchpatternsinrelationtothecontextofthetextasawhole.

5、

（1）Text:

Atextisanypassage,spokenorwritten,ofwhateverlength,thatformsaunifiedwhole.Atextisthenasemanticunit,aunitnotonlyofform,butalsoofmeaning.Atextisrealizedbyasequenceoflanguageunits,whethertheyaresentencesornot.

Cohesivedevices:

Implicitconnectivity

Explicitconnectivity

1）Transitionalwords/phrases

2）Grammaticaldevice

①Ellipsis②Substitution③Coreference

3）Lexicalreiteration

材料Examinethefollowingconversation,findoutwhetherlinguisticunitsinitareovertlycohesiveornot.

A:

Seewhothatis.

B:

I’minpyjamas.

A:

OK.

•Linguisticunitsintheconversationarenotovertlycohesive.Inthistext,therelevanceofB’sremarktoA’sfirstremarkisconveyedbypragmaticimplication.“I’minpyjamas”impliesanexcusefornotcomplyingwithA’scommand（=“No,Ican’t,becauseI’minpyjamas.”）A’ssecondremarkimpliesthatheacceptsB’sexcuseandundertakestodohimselfwhatheoriginallyaskedBtodo（=OK.I’llgomyselfandsee.”Textsarethereforerecognizedasappropriatelycoherentinactualuse.Afullunderstandingofatextisoftenimpossiblewithoutreferencetothecontextinwhichitoccurs.

（2）Context:

Contextreferstoallelementsofacommunicativesituation.（Oneis“linguisticcontext”,referringtothelinguisticunitsprecedingand/orfollowingaparticularlinguisticunitinatext.Theotheris“extra-linguisticcontext”or“contextofsituation”,referringtotherelevantfeaturesofthesituationinwhichatexthasmeaning.）

Contextualfactors:

★

①Fieldofdiscourse（语场）：

theinstitutionalsetting,privateorpublic,inwhichapieceoflanguageoccurs,embracingnotonlythesubjectmatterinhand（正在进行中的主要的事情）,butthewholeactivityofthespeakerorparticipantinasetting,whichcorrespondstoHalliday’s“ideationalfunction”oflanguage.

②Tenor（语旨）：

Theparticipants,theireducation,socialstatus,therole-relationshipbetweentheaddresserandtheaddre