The vocabulary nonequivalence between Chinese and English translation.docx
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ThevocabularynonequivalencebetweenChineseandEnglishtranslation
编号(No.)SFLC2011_______
宁夏师范学院外国语学院学生毕业论文开题报告
ThesisProposal
forGraduateStudentsofEnglishMajors
题目(Topic):
thevocabularynon-equivalencebetweenChineseandEnglishtranslation.
姓名(Name):
yangxiaodi
班级(Class):
one
学号(Cl.No.):
28
导师(Tutor):
zhaoxiaohong
20 11年 1月 8日
外国语学院制
宁夏师范学院外国语学院
2007级英语教育专业学生毕业论文
论文题目:
Thevocabularynon-equivalencebetweenChineseandEnglishtranslation
作者:
杨晓娣
班级:
2007级本科
(1)班
指导教师:
赵晓红
提交时间:
2011年4月10日
Thevocabularynon-equivalencebetweenChineseandEnglishtranslation
杨晓娣外国语学院2007级本科
(1)班学号:
28
Abstract:
Thenon-equivalencealwayshappenswhenitcomestoChineseandEnglishtranslation.Thenon-equivalencebetweendifferentlanguages,orsocalledanisomorphism,referstothereferentialmeaningdifferenceinlanguages.Duetopeople’scommonsenseoftheworldandthenature,manywordsofdifferentlanguagescanformakindofonetooneequivalence.However,ChineseandEnglishoriginatefromtwoverydifferentculturalregister,andinfluencedbydifferentregion,environment,custom,culture,religion,economyandsocialsystem,sotheremustbesomenon-equivalenceinsomeaspects,suchasgrammar,semanticcolorandsemanticextent.Inthesetwolanguages,apartfromfewspecialusedtermandtechnicalvocabulary,theresthardlyhavethesamecorrespondingone.So,thenon-equivalencebetweenChineseandEnglishmainlyreflectedonthevocabularynon-equivalence.Thedissertationwillstartwithanalyzingthevocabularynon-equivalencebetweenChineseandEnglish,andgiveexamplestoshowitsuniversalityamongChineseandEnglishtranslation,probeintothecauses,andfindthesolutionandstrategytosolvetheproblem.
Keywords:
Vocabulary,non-equivalence,culturedifference,translation,strategyandsolution.
Introduction:
Vocabularyisthemostbasictoolofcarryingcultureinformation,andreflectinghumanbeing’slife.EnglishandChinesevocabularyhasveryrichconnotativemeaning,andtherealsoexistsomenon-equivalenceinsomeaspects.AndthecompletelyequivalencebetweenChineseandEnglishvocabularycanhardlybefound.Thereasonwhythevocabularynon-equivalenceexistsisthatthereisnocorrespondingwordwhenonelanguagetranslatedintoanother.Onelanguagemayusejustasinglewordtoexpressorcallasubject,whiletheotherlanguagemayusealotofwordstoexplainanddescribeit,inordertomakethereaderunderstood.JustlikewhatBollingersaidinhisbook“语言要略”thedifferencebetweenChinesevocabularyandEnglishvocabularyisabsolute,andthecompletelyequivalenceisneverexist.So,thevocabularynon-equivalenceisveryextensiveandhasitsuniversalityamongChineseandEnglishtranslation.
Body:
I.Usingexamplestoillustratetheuniversalityofvocabularynon-equivalenceChineseandEnglishtranslation.
1.Theculturedifferenceintheunderstandingoftheworld.
Forexample,inwesternfairytales,dragonisakindofveryevilmonster,butinChinesepeople’sheart,itisaluckyandauspiciousanimalthateverybodylikesandrevere.So,wecanseethemeaningandtheassociationofdragonisverydifferentinEnglishandChinese.InChinese,themeaningofwolfortheconnotativemeaningisparticularemphasizedonthe“lustforwoman”or“amanwithawarmtemperament”.Weoftensayifamanhasaparticularinterestinwoman,thenwesayheisa“colorwolf”.ButinEnglish,theconnotativemeaningofwolfisparticularemphasizedonfierceandcruelty.Andpeoplenevercomparedamanwithawarmtemperamentto“colorwolf”。
Also,thereisaveryfamousbatterybrandinchinacalled“白象”,it’sverypopularinchina,becauseInChinese,wesayelephantisverypowerfulandhaslotofenergy.Butitcannotbetranslatedinto“whiteelephant”whenithastobesoldtowesterncountries.Becauseinwesterncountries“whiteelephant”meansuselessandburdensome.thereisalegendaboutthismeaning,itissaidthatakinghateoneofhisminister,andinordertopunishthisminister,hegiveshimawhiteelephantasapresent.Theministerfoundtheelephantveryhardtodealwith.Becauseononehand,itisthepresentfromtheking,sohedarenottokillitorgiveittoothers,ontheotherhand,theelephantisbigandeatsalot.Theministercandonothingbutservestheelephantverycarefullyeveryday,andfinallythewhiteelephantmakestheministerapoorwretch.SowecanseetheconnotativemeaningofwhiteelephantisverydifferentinChineseandEnglish.
2.Theconnotativemeaningofcolorisnotequal.
Peoplefromdifferentculturesmayhavethesamerecognitionofcolor,buttheirunderstandingandfeelingofthecolormayverydifferent.Forexample,inEnglish,bluesymbolizessadness.AndinAmerica,thereisblueMonday,whichmeans“badmoodMonday”.And“Bluesky”meansworthlessinEnglish,butinchina,peopleusuallywillnotassociatebluewithsadnessorsomebadmood.Also,Englishspeakingcountriesperceiveredascruelandferocious,andunlucky.Redsymbolizesblood.Butinchina,redusuallyindicatesjubilation(happiness)andfestival.AndChinesepeopleareaccustomedtowearredclothesontheirweddingday,andsomespecialfestival,suchasspringfestival.Andwesternpeopleperceivewhiteaspure,cleanandgloryandthebrideusuallywearwhiteweddingdresswhentheymarried.Butinchina,whiteusuallyremindpeopleoffuneralandunlucky.Inwesternculture,peoplemayassociategreenwith“lackofexperience”,butinchina,greenrepresentspring,andsymbolizesnewlifeandhope.
3.Theconnotativemeaningofnumberisunequal.
Asitknowntoall,inwesterncountries,numberthirteenisconsideredtobeunlucky,becauseJesuswasbetrayedbyhisthirteenthdisciple.So,inthoseChristiancountries,peopleusuallyavoidusingthisnumber.ButinChinesetraditionalculture,numberthirteenisjustanumber;itdoesn’thaveanykindofbadmeaning.InChinesetraditionalculture,numbernineoftenusedtoexpress“permanent”,sinceithasthesamesoundswithChinesecharacter“久”。
Forexample,inChinesehistory,kingsalladorenumbernine,that’sbecausetheywishtheirdominationalongperiodofstability.ButinEnglish,numberninedon’thavethiskindofmeaning.
II.Thecausesofthevocabularynonequivalence:
1.Geographicalfeaturedifferenceandthewordsandphrasestranslation.Thegeographicalculturereferstotheculturethatformedbyitssurroundingsanditsgeographicalfeatures.Sincedifferentnationhasdifferentlivingspaceanddifferentnaturalenvironment,sotheirviewsorperspectivesonthesamethingmayverydifferent.Wesaythespecifiedgeographicalculturesgivethosewordsandphrasesspecifiedmeaning.
2.Thesocialhistorydifferenceandthevocabularytranslation.
Thespecifiedhistoricaldevelopingprocessandthesedimentaryaccretionofsocialheritageoverthousandsofyearsformed/createdwhatwecalledhistoricalculture.Sincedifferentnationhasdifferenthistoricaldevelopment,sotheremustbesomewordsorvocabularywhichcontainsspecificpeopleandeventstoshowthisnation’sdistinctivehistoryandculture.Forexample,inEnglish,“tomeetone’swaterloo”wasoriginatefromahistoriceventaboutnapoleon’scrushingdefeatinBelgium’swaterloowhichhappenedinthe19thcentury,andmeanwhile,Chinese“败走麦城”referstoaspecialeventinluoguanzhong’sbookThreeKingdom,guanyuisaveryfamousgeneralinthekingdomofshuatthattime,andhisbeingdefeatedandescapingtoMaicitywassuchashockingnewsthatpeoplecallit“败走麦城”fromthenon,todescribeone’scrushingdefeat.Whenwetranslatethesetwophrases,wecan’tfindtherightcorrespondingwordinanotherlanguage,becausetheydon’tevenexist.Wecan’tfindguanyuinEnglish,andthereisnowaterlooinChinesealso.IfwetranslatedguanyuintoEnglish,theEnglishreaderwhodoesn’tknowaboutChinesecultureandhistorymustbeveryconfused.Onsuchcircumstances,vocabularynon-equivalencecomesintobeing.
3.Thedifferencebetweenreligionandfaith.
Religionhasasignificantinfluenceonpeople’slife,anditgivesthewordsandphrasesspecifiedmeaning.Chinesepeople’sreligionfaithisverydifferentfromthoseofwesterncountries,soitalsoinfluencedthetranslationbetweenChineseandEnglish.Inwesterncountries,thewaypeoplespeaksandtalksandexpressthemselvesisverymuchinfluencedbytheirChristianculture.Forexample,“manproposes,Goddisposes”Godhelpsthosewhohelpsthemselves”.Ontheotherhand,inChinesetraditionalculture,Buddhismisthemainreligionthatpeoplebelievedin,so,thelanguagesandexpressionsthatpeopleusereflectmuchinformationaboutit.Forexample,“oldheaven”(老天爷)istheGodofBuddhists.“三生”(Thethreelivesof“happinessofone’sthreelives”)originatefromBuddhism,andreferstotheprolife,thislifeandnextlife.Andthisphraseusedtodescribetheopportunityisverydifficult。
4.ThedifferencebetweenChinesefairytaleandwesternmythology,andthedifferencebetweenChineseclassicalworksandwesternclassicalworks.
Differentnations’fairytalesandclassicalworkscreatedalotofverydifferentidiomsandallusions,andthoseidiomsandallusionsnotonlyreflectthosenations’distinctiveflavors(localcolor)andthewaysoftheworld,butalsoendowedthosenations’languagewithinterestanddelight,forexample,inEnglish“thinkwiththewises,buttalkwiththevulgar”(与智者同思,与俗子同语)comesfromGreekmotto.“swansong”comesfromawesternlegend,whichsaysthesongthataswansangwhenheisgoingtodieismostbeautifulandwonderful.Sopeopleuse“swansong”todescribethel
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