历年大学六级真题超好范文.docx
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历年大学六级真题超好范文.docx
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历年大学六级真题超好范文
2003年9月大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案
PartⅡReadingComprehension(35minutes)
Directions:
Thereare4passagesinthispart,Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsatunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
In1985whenaJapanAirLines(JAL)jetcrashed,itspresident,YasumotoTakagi,calledeachvictim’sfamilytoapologize,andthenpromptlyresigned.Andin1987,whenasubsidiaryofToshibasolesensitivemilitarytechnologytotheformerSovietUnion,thechairmanofToshibagaveuphispost.
Theseexecutiveactions,whichToshibacalls“thehighestformofapology,”mayseembizarretoUSmanagers.NooneatBoeingresignedaftertheJALcrash,whichmayhavebeencausedbyafaultyBoeingrepair.
Thedifferencebetweenthetwobusinessculturescentersarounddifferentdefinitionsofdelegation.WhileUSexecutivesgivebothresponsibilityandauthoritytotheiremployees,Japaneseexecutivesdelegateonlyauthority—theresponsibilityisstilltheirs.AlthoughthesubsidiarythatsoldthesensitivetechnologytotheSovietshaditsownmanagement,theToshibatopexecutivessaidthey“musttakepersonalresponsibilityfornotcreatinganatmospherethroughouttheToshibagroupthatwouldmakesuchactivityunthinkable,eveninanindependentlyrunsubsidiary.”
SuchacceptanceofcommunityresponsibilityisnotuniquetobusinessesinJapan.SchoolprincipalsinJapanhaveresignedwhentheirstudentscommittedmajorcrimesafterschoolhours.Eveniftheydonotquit,Japaneseexecutiveswilloftenacceptprimaryresponsibilityinotherways,suchastakingthefirstpaycutwhenacompanygetsintofinancialtrouble.Suchpersonalsacrifices,eveniftheyarelargelysymbolic,helptocreatethesenseofcommunityandemployeeloyaltythatiscrucialtotheJapanesewayofdoingbusiness.
HarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorGeorgeLodgecallstheritualacceptanceofblame“almostafeudal(封建的)wayofpurging(清除)thecommunityofdishonor,”andtosomeintheUnitedStates,suchresignationslookcowardly.However,inanerainwhichbothbusinessandgovernmentalleadersseemparticularlygoodatevadingresponsibility,manyUSmanagerswouldprobablywelcomeaninfusion(灌输)oftheJapanesesenseofresponsibility,If,forinstance,USautomobilecompanyexecutivesofferedtoreducetheirownsalariesbeforetheyaskedtheirworkerstotakepaycuts,negotiationswouldprobablytakeonaverydifferentcharacter.
21.WhydidthechairmanofToshibaresignhispositionin1987?
A)InJapan,theleakageofaslatesecrettoRussiansisagravecame.
B)Hehadbeenunderattackforshiftingresponsibilitytohissubordinates.
C)InJapan,thechiefexecutiveofacorporationisheldresponsibleforthemistakemadebyitssubsidiaries.
D)Hehadbeenaccusedofbeingcowardlytowardscrisesthatweretakingplaceinhiscorporation.
22.AccordingtothepassageifyouwanttobeagoodmanagerinJapan,youhaveto________.
A)apologizepromptlyforyoursubordinates'mistakes
B)beskillfulinacceptingblamesfromcustomers
C)makesymbolicsacrificeswhenevernecessary
D)createastrongsenseofcompanyloyalty
23.What’sProfessorGeorgeLodge’sattitudetowardstheresignationsofJapanesecorporateleaders?
A)SympatheticC)Critical
B)Biased.D)Approving.
24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A)BoeinghadnothingtodowiththeJALaircrashin1985.
B)Americanexecutivesconsiderauthorityandresponsibilityinseparable.
C)Schoolprincipalsbearlegalresponsibilityforstudents'crimes.
D)Persuadingemployeestotakepaycutsdoesn’thelpsolvecorporatecrises.
25.Thepassageismainlyabout________.
A)resignationasaneffectivewayofdealingwithbusinesscrises
B)theimportanceofdelegatingresponsibilitytoemployees
C)waysofevadingresponsibilityintimesofcrises
D)thedifferencebetweentwobusinesscultures
PassageTwo
Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Asmachinesgo,thecarisnotterriblynoisy,norterriblypolluting,norterriblydangerous;andonallthosedimensionsithasbecomebetterasthecenturyhasgrownolder.Themainproblemisitsprevalence,andthesocialcoststhatensuefromtheusebyeveryoneofsomethingthatwouldbefairlyharmlessif,say,onlytherichweretouseit.Itisapricewepayforequality.
Beforebecomingtoogloomy,itisworthrecallingwhythecarhasbeenarguablythemostsuccessfulandpopularproductofthewholeofthepast100years—andremainsso.Thestorybeginswiththeenvironmentalimprovementitbroughtinthe1900s.InNewYorkcityin1900,accordingtotheCarCulture.A1975bookbyJ.Flink,ahistorian,horsesdeposited2.5millioopoundsofmanure(粪)and60,000gallonsofurine(尿)everyday.Everyyear,thecityauthoritieshadtoremoveanaverageof15,000deadhorsesfromthestreets,Itmadecarssmellofroses.
Carswerealsowonderfullyflexible.Themainearliersolutiontohorsepollutionandtrafficjamswastheelectrictrolleybus(电车).Butthatrequiredfixedoverheadwires,andrailsandplatforms,whichwereexpensive,ugly,andinflexible,ThecarcouldgofromanyAtoanyB,andallowedtownstodevelopinalldirectionswithlow-densityhousing,ratherthanjustbeingconcentratedalongthetrolleyorraillines.Ruralareasbenefitedtoo,fortheybecamelessremote.
However,sincepollutionbecameaconcerninthe1950s,expertshavepredicted—wrongly—thatthecarboomwasabouttoend.InhisbookMr.Flinkarguedthatby1973theAmericanmarkethadbecomesaturated,atonecarforevery2.25people,andsohadthemarketsofJapanandWesternEurope(becauseoflandshortages).Environmentalworriesanddiminishingoilreserveswouldprohibitmasscaruseanywhereelse.
Hewaswrong,Between1970and1990,whereasAmerica’spopulationgrewby23%,theaumberofcarsonitsroadsgrewby60%,Thereisnowonecarforevery1.7peoplethere,oneforevery2.1inJapan,oneforevery5.3inBritain.Around550millioncarsarealreadyontheroads,nottomentionallthetrucksandmocorcyeles,andabout50millionnewonesaremadeeachyearworldwide.Willitgoon?
Undoubtedly,becausepeoplewantitto.
26.Asisgiveninthefirstparagraph,thereasonwhythecarhasbecomeaproblemisthat________.
A)poorpeoplecan’taffordit
B)itistooexpensivetomaintain
C)toomanypeopleareusingit
D)itcausestoomanyroadaccidents
27.Accordingtothepassage,thecarstartedtogainpopularitybecause________.
A)itdidn’tbreakdownaseasilyasahorse
B)ithadacomparativelypleasantodor
C)itcausedlesspollutionthanhorses
D)itbrightenedupthegloomystreets
28.Whatimpactdidtheuseofcarshaveonsociety?
A)Peoplewerecompelledtoleavedowntownareas.
B)Peoplewereabletoliveinlesscrowdedsuburbanareas.
C)Businessalongtrolleyandraillinesslackened.
D)Citystreetswerefreeofuglyoverheadwires.
29.Mr.Flinkarguedinhisbookthatcarswouldnotbewidelyusedinothercountriesbecause________.
A)theonceboomingcarmarkethasbecomesaturated
B)trafficjamsinthosecountriesaregettingmoreandmoreserious
C)expensivemotorwaysarenotavailableinlessdevelopedcountries
D)peopleworryaboutpollutionandthediminishingoilresources
30.What’swrongwithMr.Flink’sprediction?
A)Theuseofautomobileshaskeptincreasingworldwide.
B)Newgenerationsofcarsarevirtuallypollutionfree.
C)ThepopulationofAmericahasnotincreasedasfast.
D)People’senvironmentalconcernsareconstantlyincreasing.
PassageThree
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,onjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomforubleandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(毁灭性的)tragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingformrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.
Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotiomaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponset,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.
Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoclicitassistanceformothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention,So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.
Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress,UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetocmotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposureto=cutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.
Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.
AtTulaneUniversity’sTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthatthe
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