中考专项语法定语从句.docx
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中考专项语法定语从句.docx
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中考专项语法定语从句
中考专项语法-定语从句
定语从句专项
第1节定语从句的先行词和关系词
一、定语从句的先行词
被定语从句修饰的成分叫__________。
定语从句的先行词主要是指______,______,______,_____,及______________或________,有时也可以是____________。
*Doyouknowthegirl_______issingingonthestage?
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的词叫作__________。
关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,而且在从句中充当一定的成分。
关系词分为____________和___________。
关系词在句子中的指代作用及所作成分如下:
关系词
所修饰的先行词
关系词在从句中所作成分
关系代词
who
whom
that
whose
which
关系副词
when
where
why
练习题:
1.Theman_______hasanumbrellainhishandismyuncle.
2.Thetrain______hasjustleftisforShenzhen.
3.Let’sfindaplace_______wecanhaveapicnic.
第2节关系词的用法
一、关系代词的用法
关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。
引导定语从句的关系代词有_______,________,_______,________,________等。
1.who/whom的用法
who/whom都用于指人。
who在定语从句中作______、_______,whom在定语从句中作________。
作宾语的关系代词_______,________可以省略(介词后作语的关系代词除外)。
练习题:
—WeareproudofMoYan.
—Yes.Heisagreatwriter______wontheNoblePrizeinLiteraturein2012.
—Theman______/_______youlookedforyesterdayhasalreadycome.
Weshouldlookuptothosescientists________sentTianzhou-1CargoSpaceship(天舟一号货运飞船)tospace.
Thepersonto_______youjusttalkedisDeep.
*注意:
who有时可以代替whom作宾语,但whom在从句中作介词的宾语,且介词提到whom前面时,不能用who。
还有what不能引导定语从句。
2.that的用法
that既可以指______,也可以指_______,在定语从句中作_______、_______或_______。
作宾语时可以省略。
练习题:
Weneedaperson______isrightforthejob.
Thepicture_______wearestudyingwasdrawnbyafifteen-year-oldstudent.
Mrs.Evansisthepersonto_______youshouldwrite.
*注意:
that作介词宾语时,介词不可提到that之前,若介词提前,指物用which,指人
用whom。
Congratulationstoourwinnersandthankstoeveryone_______enteredthecompetition.
*注意:
先行词是指人的不定代词或指示代词,如one,all,nobody,none,those等时,关系代词只能用who不能用that。
3.which的用法
which用于指_____,在从句中作______,_______或______。
作宾语,且不直接跟在介词后时,which可以省略。
练习题:
Thetree_______isinfrontofmyhouseismorethantenyearsold.
Thestory_______hetoldwasverypopular.
Thehouse__________Iusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.
4.whose的用法
whose可以指______也可以指______,在定语从句中作________。
练习题:
Heisaman_______opinionIrespect.
I’dlikearoom_______windowlooksoutoverthesea.
Helivesinahouse_______windowsfacesouth.
*注意:
用来指物时,“whose+名词”可用“限定词+名词+ofwhich”或者“ofwhich+限定词+名词”来代替。
二、关系副词的用法
关系副词代替表示______,_______,______的先行词,并在从句中作_________,________和_________,不能省略。
1.when的用法
when指_______,在定语从句中作时间状语。
它的先行词通常为_____,______,______等表示时间的名词。
此时常可用__________,__________,___________等替代。
练习题:
Istillremembertheday_______Ifirsttravelledbyplane.
*注意:
先行词表示时间,关系词在从句中做主语或宾语时,关系词不能用when。
2.why的用法
why指_______,在定语从句中作________。
它的先行词通常为_______。
此时常可用_______代替。
(1)Pleasetellmethereaon_________sheiscryingsobadly.
3.Where的用法
Where指_________,在定语从句中作_____________.它的先行词通常为____________________。
此时常可用____________,_____________代替。
(1)Istillrememberthevillage_________welivedlastyear.
三,关系代词和关系副词的选用。
1.根据定语从句中的谓语动词判断:
一般情况下,定语从句的谓语动词如果是及物动词,后面没有宾语时就用关系代词;从句的谓语如果是不及物动词,则用关系副词。
(1)Thisisthefactory______________Ivisitedlastyear.
(2)Thisisthefactory__________heusedtowork.
2.根据定语从句中所缺少的成分判断:
如果缺少主语,宾语,表语,定语,则用关系代词;如果缺少状语,则用关系副词。
(1)Isthisthemuseum_______________youvisitedafewdaysago?
(2)Isthisthemuseum___________theexhibitionwasheld?
第3节定语从句注意事项
一,只用that不用which的情况。
1,先行词是不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时
先行词是anything,everything,nothing,few,all,little,some等,或者由every,any,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时,关系代词用that不用which.
(1)Haveyoutakendowneverything________Mr.Lihassaid?
(2)Anyman_______doesn’thaveasenceofdutycan’tdothethingwell.
2,先行词是序数词或者形容词最高级或被其修饰时,关系代词用that不用which
(1)Thefirstthing_______mybrotherisgoingtodothisafternoonistostudyphysics.
(2)Ihavefoundthebestway_______couldfinishthetest.
3,先行词既有之人的名词,也有指物的名词时,关系代词用that不用which
(1)Jacktookphotographsofthethingsandpeople_________hewasinterstedin.
4,先行词被theonly,thelast,thevery等修饰时,关系代词用that不用which
(1)Thisistheverydictionary_______Iwanttobuy.
(2)Basketballistheonlything_______interestshim.
5,当主语是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问词时,关系代词用that不用which
(1)Whoistheperpon_____isstandingatthegate?
(2)Whichisthebicycle________youboughtlastmonth?
二,只用which不用that的情况。
1,先行词本身就是that时
(1)Idon’tlikethat______hedid.
(2)Whatisthat______isontheground?
2,关系代词前有介词且指事物时
(1)I’mlookingforacontainerin_______Icanputallthesepeaches.
(2)Azooisaparkin_______manykindsofannimalsarekeptforexhibition.
3,引导非限制性定语从句时
非限制定语从句主要起补充说明的作用,往往用逗号与先行词隔开,去掉后面不影响主句的意义。
Football,___________isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.
三,定语从句主谓一致
定语从句中的主谓一致是指关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式要与先行词一致的问题。
先行词时单数时,从句的谓语动词用单数;先行词时复数时,从句的谓语动词是复数。
(1)Themanwho______playingfootballismyPEteacher.
(2)Ilovesingerwho_________theirownmusic.
(3)Tomisoneofthestudentswho______awarded.
(4)Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____awarded.
注意:
oneof+复数可数名词,充当先行词时,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式;theonly/very/rightoneof+复数可数名词,充当先行词,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
四,“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句
有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词之前,形成“介词+关系代词”结构,该结构中的关系代词可用which,whose和whom,不可以用that和who.该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中的位于搭配,与先行词的搭配或者句子意义来确定。
(1)Thisisthehouse_____________Ispoke.
(2)Thisisthecamera___________heoftentakesphotos.
(3)Thisisthepilot______________mysonwassaved.
(4)Itisthebook_______shewaslookingfor.
(5)Thebabies______thenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.
注意:
有些“动词+介词”短语,如:
lookfor,lookafter,callon等不可拆开,不可把介词置于关系代词之前。
错题及真题锦集:
()1.I’llneverforgetthedays________IjoinedtheLeague.
A.whenB.thatC.whichD.\
()2.Isthistheplace______yourfatheroncelived?
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when
()3.Helivesintheroom________windowfacestothesouth.
A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.when
()4.I’llneverforgetthedays__________Ispentwithyourfamily
A.whenB.thatC.whoD.where
()5.Thisistheschool__________Iusedtostudy.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.when
()6.Isthereanything________Icandoforyou?
A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that
()7.Heistheonlyperson_________Iwanttosee.
A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose
()8.Heisworkinghard,_________willmakehimpassthefinalexam
A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who’
()9.Smoking,_________isabadhabit,ishowever,popular.
A.thatB.itC.whichD.who
()10.Ihatethedogs________liveinthenexthouse.Theymakeloudnoisesallright.
A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whom
()11.Theatersmayhaveabrighterfutureiftheycanprovideamovieexperience_______
peoplecannotgetathome
A.thatB.whoC.whomD.what
()12.-Whydon'tyoulikefishing?
-Fishingisahobby________needsmuchpatience,butI'mnotpatientatall
A.whoB.thatC.itD.what
()13.“Underground”"istheonlywordintheEnglishlanguage______beginsandendsI
withtheletters"und
A.whatB.thatC.whoD.whom
()15.Afriendissomeone_______says,"What!
Youtoo?
IthoughtIwastheonlyone
A.whoB.whichCwhatD.whose
()16.Successwillbelongtothose________neversay"impossible
A.whomB.whatC.whoD.which
()17.Tony,tellmetheresultofthediscussion________youhadwithyourdadyesterday.
A.whatB.whichC.whenD.who
()18.Friendsarethose_____makeyousmile,alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceed.
AwhichBwhatCwhomD.who
()19.Mygrandparentsstillliveinthatoldvillage____thelocalgovernmenthasdecidedtokeep
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what
()20.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.Everything____comesintosightissonewtome
A.thatBwhichCwhoD,whom
()21.Idon'tlikethepeople_____don'thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble
AwhoBwhichCwhoseDwhat
()22.QQisatool_________Ismainlyusedforpeopletotalktoothersonline
A.whichBwhoC.whereDwhat
()23.Arealfriendistheone_______walksinwhentherestoftheworldwalksout
AwhichBwhoCwhomDwhat
()24.Akindofshared-bikes_____iscalledmobikeisgettingmoreandmorepopularinZhengzhou
A.ItB.whoC.whichD.what
()25.WhenRobinsonCrusoegottotheisland,thefirstthing____hedidwastolookforsomefood
AwhoBthatCwhichDwhom
()26.Iwillneverforgettheday_______wespentintheoldtownwithsmallhe
A.whoB.whomC.thatD.what
()27.PleasetellmesomethingaboutYangLiWei.
Heisagreatastronautof______allChineseareproud.
A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.whom
()28.Whatkindofmoviesdoyouprefer?
Ipreferthemovies_______mesomethingtothinkabout.
A.whichgiveB.thatgivesC.whichgivesD.whogives
()29.Istillrememberthepark_______wefirstmet.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
()30.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingcities_______Ihaveevervisited.
A.whoB.thatC.whichD.where
()31.Thereason_______shegivesfornotcomingtothepartyisnottrue.
A.whatB.whyC.whenD.which
()32.Thisistheschool_______Istudiedthreeyearsago.
A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which
()33.Inourclass,thereare46students,________halfwearglasses.
A.ofwhomB.inthemC.inwhomD.ofthem
答案:
先行词人、物、时间、地点、原因的名词代词整个主句
Who关系词定语从句
关系词关系代词关系副词
人主语、宾语
人宾语
人或物主语、宾语、表语
人或物定语
物主语、宾语
时间时间状语
地点地点状语
原因原因状语
Who关系代词主语whichwhere
who\whom\that\which\whose
主语、宾语、宾语whowhom
练习题:
whowho\whomwhowhom
人、物主语宾语或表语
练习题:
thatthatwhomwho
物主语宾语表语
练习题:
whichwhichinwhich
人物定语
练习题:
whosewhosewhose
时间、地点、原因时间状语、地点状语原因状语
时间time\day\weekonwhichinwhichduringwhich
练习题:
when
原因原因状语reasonforwhichwhy
地点地点状语place\house\countryinwhichatwhich
whichwherethat/whichwhere
thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat
whichwhichwhichwhichwhich
iswriteswerewasofwhichwithwhichbywhom
whichwhom
单选:
1-5
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