高级英语5 教案 unit4.docx
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高级英语5 教案 unit4.docx
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高级英语5教案unit4
Unit4
TextI:
TheInvisiblePoor
MichaelHarrington
I) Pre-readingBrainstorming:
1) Howdoyouunderstandthemeaningof“poor”?
2) Whatdoesthewritermeanby“invisiblepoor”?
● thestateofinvisibilityofthepoorintheUnitedStates:
1. Povertyisoftenoffthebeatentrack.(para.4)
2. Beautyandmythsareperennialmasksofpoverty.(para.5)
3. TheverydevelopmentofAmericansocietyiscreatinganewkindofblindnessaboutpoverty.(paras.6-9)
4.Thenewsegregationofpovertyiscompoundedbyawell-meaningignorance.(paras.10-12)
5. Manyofthepoorarethewrongagetobeseen.(paras.13-14)
6.Thepoorarepoliticallyinvisible.(paras.15-16)
Note:
*ThemiddleclassintheUnitedStates:
Broadlyspeaking,themiddleclassisthesocialgroupbetweentheupperorthewealthyandworkingclasses,includingprofessionalandbusinessworkersandtheirfamilies.Themiddleclassissometimesdividedintolowermiddleanduppermiddleclasses-adivisionbasedonoccupationalandeducationaldifferences.
SinceWorldWarII,themiddleclasshasbeenthelargestclassintheUnitedStates,wherethemiddleclassparticipatemoreinpoliticalandvoluntaryorganizationsthandothesubordinateclasses,thatis,thelowestpaidwageearnersandthejoblesspoor.ThemiddleclassintheU.S.alsohasahigherrateofreligiousparticipationthananyotherclass.
*slumsandghettosintheUnitedStates;
Dictionarydefinitionsofslumandghetto
Slum---athicklypopulated,squalidpartofacityinhabitedbythepoorestpeople
Ghetto---Informertimes,inmostEuropeancountries,asectionofacityinhabitedbyJews.IntheU.S.today,athicklypopulatedslumareainacityinhabitedpredominantlybyaminoritygroup.
InmanycitiesintheU.S.,particularlyintheEastandtheMiddleWest,slumsdevelopedwhereunemploymentledtogreatsufferingandovercrowdedness;moreover,pauperismandcrimearewidespread.
IntheU.S.,ghettoisatermusedtodescribesegregatedresidentialareasinthenorthernU.S.Theyaretypicallyovercrowded,andhavepoorhousingandhighunemployment.Theyarelargelyaresultofsegregation.
*thelabormovementintheUnitedStates:
Thegeneralpurposeofunionshasbeentoprotectandadvancethewell-beingofworkers.SomeparticipantsinandobserversoftheU.S.labourmovementshaveviewedunionsasinstitutionswiththepotentialtoestablishindustrialdemocracyandsocialism.Untilthe1930s,U.S.labourunionssufferedseverelegaldisadvantages.Before1842thecourtsconsideredunionsassuchtobeconspiraciesinrestraintoftrade.After1842strikeswereoftenprohibitedbythecourts.In1932antistrikeinjunctionswereoutlawed.U.S.unionsfinallygainedfulllegalrecognitionin1935.Theworkerswerethengiventherighttoformandjoinunionsandtoengageincollectivebargaining.
II) Comprehension:
1)MainIdea:
Themillionswhoarepoorinthe UnitedStatesarenotsimplyneglectedandforgottenasintheoldrhetoric(言谈,辞令)ofreform,andwhatismuchworse,theyarenotseen.
2)PurposeofwritingandTone:
ToseriouslycallattentiontothepovertyoftheU.S.whichissomehowconcealed.
3)OrganizationandDevelopment:
I.Introduction:
(P1-2)Introducethetopic:
Ittakesaneffortofintellectandwilleventoseethem;
II.Body:
(AlsorefertoS.B.P52:
ThreecausesoftheinvisibilityofthepoorintheU.S.A.)
(P3-17)Theperennial长期的causesthatmaketheminvisible;
(AlsorefertoS.B.P52:
ThreecausesoftheinvisibilityofthepoorintheU.S.A.)
I).Thenormalandobviouscausesoftheinvisibility:
1.Povertyisoftenoffthebeatentrack.
2.Beautyandmythsaremasksofpovert6y.
II).Anewkindofblindnessaboutpoverty:
1.TransformationoftheAmericancitiesisolatesthepoorfromsightofothers.
2.Well-meaningignorancekeepsconcernedandsympatheticAmericansfromknowingthetruthaboutthepoor.
III).Politicalinvisibility---thedispossessedatthebottomofsocietycannotspeakforthemselves.
III.Conclusion:
(P18)Reiteratethetheme:
Theyarenotseenbesidesbeinginvisible.
*Functionsof“linkingitems”intheoverallorganizationofthetext:
Para.5:
Theword"too"indicatesfurtherance.Inthiscase,ittellsthereaderwhattheparagraphdealswithissimilartowhathasbeendealtwith.Thefactis,inthisparagraph,wefindanotherperennialreasonwhypovertyisinvisibleinAmerica.
Para.6:
Thepronoun"these"canpointbothbackwardandforward.Inthiscaseitpointsbackward.i. e."these"refertotheperennialreasonsthathavebeenexplainedintheprevioustwoparagraphs.
Para.8:
"Now"indicatesachangeofdirection.Thewriterisgoingtoturnfromthe"perennial"tothe"present".
Para.9:
"Inshort"isusedtosummarize.Whatfollowsisabriefsummaryofwhathasjustbeensaid,i. e.theeffecturbandevelopmenthasontheinvisibilityofthepoor.
Para.10:
"Thisnewsegregation"referstothesegregationofthepoorfromtheaffluentmentionedintheprevioustwoparagraphs.Thesegregationis"new"becausetherehasbeenthe"old"notorioussegregationofthecoloredpeoplefromthewhite.
Para.11:
Theword"this"in"Theironyinthis"referstothelastsentenceofthelastparagraph,i.e."Thereisawarmfeelingofsatisfaction,ofprideinthewaythingsareworkingout:
thepoor,itisobvious,arebeingtakencareof".Cantheybetakencareofwhentheyareeveninvisible
Para.12:
"This"in"Thisisanextremelyimportantfactor..."referstothelastsentenceofthelastparagraph,i.e."Evenpeoplewithterriblydepressedincomescanlookprosperous."
Para.13:
Theword"then"herehasnothingtodowithitsbasicmeaning,i.e.aspecificpointoftimeeitherinthepastorinthefuture.Hereitisusedinthesenseof"besides",showingthatthereisanotherreasonwhythepoorareinvisible.
Para.15:
"Andfinally"hereis,asusual,usedtoshowthatwehavecometothelastpointinourexposition.Herethewriterisgoingtotellusthatthepoorarenotonlymateriallyandemotionallyinvisible,buttheyarealsopoliticallyinvisible,i. e.theirvoiceisnotheard.
4)ComprehensionQuestions(W.B.P36):
1.HowdoyouaccountforHarrington’suseinpara.2ofthefirstpersonsingular,whichisnotfoundanywhereelseinthepassage?
ToenforcehisassertionthattheotherAmericadidexistthoughmostAmericansmightnotbelieveitjustbecausetheyhadneverbeentherepersonally.WhatHarringtonistryingtosayis"Imyselfwasonceignorantofitsexistence,butnowIcanprovetoyouthatitdoesexist."
2.What,accordingtoHarrington,hasrenderedpovertylessvisibleinruralAmerica?
RefertoParas.4&5.
Ruralpovertyishiddenawayfromtouristswhonormallytravelonhighwayswithoutpenetratingintothecountry,andsometimesismaskedbyitsnaturalbeauty.
3.Howhasurbandevelopmentcontributedtothereducedawarenessoftheexistenceofthepoor?
RefertoParas.8-10.
Urbantransformationleadstothedistributionalsegregationofpoverty,andurbanrenewalcreatesthefalseimpressionabouttheexistenceofthepoor.
4.Whathavemass-productionandagetodowiththeinvisibilityofthepoor?
RefertoParas.11-14.
Massproductionofgarmentsenableseventhepoortobedecentlydressed.
Mostpoorpeopleareaged;theyarelessmobileandthuslessvisible.
5.Howdoyouunderstandthestatement“thepoorarepoliticallyinvisible?
Politically,thepoorarenotadequatelyrepresented;andtheirvoiceisnotheardandattendedtointhepoliticallifeofthenation.
5)DifficultSentencesforParaphrasing
1.Beautyandmythsareperennialmasksofpoverty.(Para.5)
---Beautyreferstothebeautifulenvironment.Specificallyitreferstothehills,thestreams,thefoliageinthelovelyseasonintheareaoftheAppalachiansMountains.MythsrefertoRousseau'sconceptofthe"primitiveman,"apersonwhowasadmiredforhissupposedlysimpleandpurelife,andwhowasexemptfromthestrainsandtensionofthemiddleclass.Specificallytheyrefertotherun-downmountainhouses,supposedlytheabodeofthefortunatepeople.
WhenthetravelercomestotheAppalachians,hewillseethebeautyofnature,andtherun-downhousesremindhimofthe"primitiveman."Hedoesnotknowthatthepeoplelivingintheareaareactuallyundereducated,underprivileged;inotherwords,theyarepoor.Sooutwardbeautyofnatureandfalsebeliefsinthe"primitiveman"aremisleading-theysimplycoverupthetruth---theexistenceofpoverty.
2.Thisnewsegregationofpovertyiscompoundedbyawell-meaningignorance.(Para.10)
---Thesegregationofthepoorfromtheaffluentisnewbecausethepoorstillliveinthemiserablehousinginthecentralareaofacitywhiletheaffluentmiddleclasshavemovedouttothesuburbs,sothereislittlechancefortheaffluenttoseethepoor.
Well-meaningignorancereferstothelackofawarenessoftheexistenceofpovertyonthepartofthemiddleclasswhoactuallyhavegoodintentions.
Themiddleclasshearmuchabouturbanrenewal,andwhentheyseeaslumtorndownandmodernbuildingsstandinitsplace,theyfeelgratified,thinkingthatthepoorarebeingtakencareof,notknowingthatmoreandmorepoorpeoplearebeingsqueezedintoexistingslums.
6)DifficultSentencesforTranslation(E-C):
1.ThemillionswhoarepoorintheUnitedStatestendtobecomeincreasinglyinvisible.Hereisagreatmassofpeople,yetittakesaneffortoftheintellectandwilleventoseethem.(l.1-3)
2.
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