stepbystep3000第三册unit5答案及原文.docx
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stepbystep3000第三册unit5答案及原文.docx
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stepbystep3000第三册unit5答案及原文
PartI
A1
1.AsuccessfulbraintissuetransplantcarriedoutbyaSouthAfricansurgeon.
2.Thediscoveryofanewwaytoincreasetheeffectivenessofchemotherapy.
3.Thepossibilityofanewwaytotreatglaucoma.
4.Anewresearchonwritingwhichshowsthatwritingcanresultinclinicallymeaningfuloutcomes.
Anewresearchonwritingwhichshowsthatwritingcanhelppeoplewithchronicillnessimprovetheirhealth.
5.Thetheoryandfunctionofacupuncture.
A2
1.Aweekago/Parkinson’sdisease.
2.Anaturaldefensemechanism
3.Thedeathofbraincells
4.Meetingpatients’psychologicalneedsproducesphysicalhealthbenefits.
5.Sideeffects/cutbackonmedication.
1.Theworld’sleadingtransplantsurgeon,DrChristopherBernard,hascarriedoutoneofthemostdifficultbraintissuetransplantsyetattempted.TheSouthAfricansurgeonhassucceededintransplantingtissuesintothehumanbraininwhatisthoughttobethefirstoperationofitskind.ThesurgerywasperformedaweekagoonapatientsufferingfromParkinson’sdisease.Aportionofthepatient’sadrenalglandwasimplantedintoapartofthepatient’sbrain,anoperationwhichhaspreviouslybeenperformedonlyonratsandmonkeys.
2.Approximatelyathirdofallpeopledevelopcanceratonepointintheirlives.Chemotherapyhasitslimitations,butitisoneofthemajortreatmentoptions.SomeAmericanscientistshavediscoveredtheycanincreasetheeffectivenessofchemotherapybyinhibitinganaturaldefensemechanismemployedbycancercells.
3.Glaucomaisresponsibleforblindnessinanestimated67millionpeoplearoundtheworld.Untilnow,treatmentshavefocusedexclusivelyontheeyes.Butthatmaychangeinthenextfewyear,followingthediscoverythatglaucomainvolvesthedeathofbraincells.
4.Newresearchshowsthatthesimpleactofwritingdownthoughtsaboutastressfuleventcanhelppeoplewithchronicillnessesimprovetheirhealth.Thisisthefirststudytoshowthatwritingcanresultinclinicallymeaningfuloutcomesforchronically-illpatients.Thestudyaddstothegrowingamountofscientificliteraturesuggestingthatmeetingpatient’spsychologicalneedsproducesphysicalhealthbenefits.
5.TraditionalChinesemedicinesaysthatgoodhealthisassociatedwiththebalanceofQi.Qicanbehinderedorhelpedbyyangandyin.Accordingtotraditionaltheory,thegoalofacupunctureistopromotetheflowofqibykeepingyinandyanginbalance----andthisisdonebyinsertingneedlesatvariouspointsalongprimarychannelsandmeridiansthatcrisscrossthebody.Oneofthekeybenefitsofacupunctureisthatithasfew,ifany,side-effects;andthatwhenusedwithstandarddrugtreatment---inanesthesia,forexample---itallowsphysicianstocutbackonmedication,deliveringthesamelevelofbenefitwithfewernegativeeffects/
B
1.Instructions/characteristic/DNA/inserts/another/organism/geneticallymodifiedorganism/geneticengineering
2.Artificialfertilizers/pestcontrol/food/farming/artificialfertilizers/half
3.Geneticmaterial/unrelated/anotherspecies/animal/plant/goingacross
4.Animals/cows,goatsandpigs/geneticallychanged/pharmaceuticaldrugs/farming
5.Novel/1797-1851/scientist/subhuman/destroying/creationthatendsupdestroyingthecreator.
、
PartII(答案见听力原文中的红色部分)
InNorthBeachinSanFrancisco,wheresomeprettysuperfoodgetsservedeverynight.
“Absolutelyverysuperfood!
”“andIreallylikethetasteofit”
Butwe’renotjusttalkingabouttaste.Researchnowshowsthatsomefoods,includingtomatoes,onions,garlic,andoliveoil----areamongthesuperfoods.Superfoodsarepackedwithpowerfulchemicalsthatmayofferyourbodygreatprotectionagainstchronicdisease
“Includingcancer,obesity,heartdisease.Vibrantlycoloredred,yellow,orangeandgreenallgivingyoudifferenttypesofphytochemicals.”
NatalieLedsmaisaregistereddieticianatU.C.S.F.shesayscompoundsfoundinsuperfoods---calledphytochemicals----canreducetheriskofcancer,boosttheimmunesystem,andprotecttheheart.Sheshoweduswhateveryoneshouldtrytoeateachweekforoptimalhealth.
Onehershoppinglist?
Herbs!
“Darkgreenones(herbs),likerosemaryandthyme,andanyintenselycoloredspice,liketurmericorredpepper.”
“Bothofthosehaveanti-inflammatoryproperties.”
Turmericmanyreducetheriskofleukemia,skin,andlivercancers.Hotpeppersmayreducetheriskofcolon,stomach,andrectalcancers.Alsoonthelist:
greenveggies.Butnotjustnaygreenveggy.
“Brusselssproutsarepartofthecruciferousvegetablefamilythathassignificantanti-cancerproperties,andthatfamilyalsohasaveryfavorableeffectonhormonemetabolism.”
Othercruciferousveggiesincludecabbage,broccoli,andcauliflower.Anddon’tforgetthetomato.
“itisprobablythebestsourceoflycopene,whichisoneofthephytochemicalsthathasshownsignificantanticancerproperties,especiallywithprostateandpotentiallylungandbreastcanceraswell.”
Asforfruit,citruscontainsVitaminsC,limonoids,andphenols,whichinactivatecancercellsandstrengthentheimmunesystem.Cantaloupes,mangosandcarrotscontaincancer-fightingcarotenoids.Andberriesareburstingwithflavonoidsandellagicacid----antioxidantsthatprotectagainstcancer,ulcers,andviruses.Natalierecommendsorganic.
“Organicfruitsandvegetableshaveshownnotonlytohavelowerpesticidetoxicitiesandlowerpesticidelevels,butalsonowhavebeenshowntohavehigherphytochemicalcontent.”
Don’tforgetthefattyfishorflaxseed----bothareexcellentsourceofOmega3fattyacidsthatinhibitthegrowthofcancercellsandboosttheimmunesystem,oliveoil,whichmayreducebreast,prostate,orcoloncancer,andsoy.
“soyhasprotectiveeffectsforheartdiseaseaswellasosteoporosis,potentially.”
Andfinallyonions,garlic,andshallots.Theymayprotecttheheartfightcancer,andhelpwithasthma.
B
I.HarvardMedicalSchool
II.Borderlinehighbloodpressure
III.10/7
IV.Cardiovascular/byaquarter
Chancesofdyingfromcardiovasculardiseasefallingby5/1
V.A:
nomorethan3grams
B:
fastfood
C:
labels
D:
freshfruitandvegetables
听力原文:
Saltiscrucialtoourhealth,buttoomuchofitcanputhumanatriskfromhighbloodpressure,heartdiseaseandstroke.Manyreports,researchersatHarvardMedicalSchoolsaythesignificantreductioninsaltintakecancutthechancesofheartdiseaseandstrokesbyaquarter.Hereisourhealthcorrespondent,AdamBrimelow.
It’slongbeenknownthatcuttingsaltcanreducebloodpressure.Buttherehasbeenmuchlessevidenceofwhatitmeansforcardiovasculardisease,includingheartattacksandstrokes.TheHarvardteamfolloweduppeoplewithborderlinehighbloodpressure,whohadtakeninpartintwosaltreductionstudies,typicallycuttingintakefrom10to7gramsaday.Theriskofdevelopingcardiovasculardiseaseoverthenextdecadeorsowascutbyaquartercomparedwiththosewhodidnotreducetheirsaltintake.Andtheirchancesofdyingfromcardiovasculardiseasefellby5/1.IndevelopedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandtheUK,theaverageadultdailysaltintakeisabout10grams.Muchofthisisalreadyinthefoodthatpeoplebuy,includingprocessedfoodsandbread.Manyexpertssaynooneshouldhavemorethan3grams.Theysaythebestwaytocutsalt,istogetawayfromfastfood,checklabelsandhaveplentyoffreshfruitandvegetable.AdamBrimelowreporting.
PartIIIMedicalemergency911
A
(3)a.HowSYSCOMoperates
(4)b.PurposeofSYSCOM
(2)c.Treatmentbyambulanceworkers
(1)d.Responsetoshootingaccident
B.
1.WhathappensinMarylandwhenthereisaseriousaccident?
2.Whatresponseismadetotheaccidentreportedto9117WhatdoesLieutenantMikeFaheydo?
3.Whatdotheambulanceparamedicsdoforthispatient?
4.WhatisSYSCOM?
Whatdoesitdo?
5.Whatisthepurposeofthissystem?
C
1.Howdoesthissystemhelpifyouhaveaseriousaccident?
a.Knowwhereandwhenanaccidenthappens
b.Immediateaction/life-savingcare
2.Howisthissystemactivated?
Bydialing911
3.Whereisyourcallforwarded?
Tofiredepartment'semergencyrescueservice/thento
nearesthelp/dependingoninformationgiven
4.Inthisreport,whatkindofaccidenthashappened?
Shootingaccident
5.Whorespondsfirst?
Howlongdocsittaketorespond?
Paramedicsupervisor/9min.
6.HowdocsLt.Faheyact?
Whateffectdocshehaveonthe
patient?
Deliberately/calmly/calmpatientdown
7.Whatconditionisthepatientinwhenheisputintheambulance?
Inshock
8.Whathaseveryoneagreedtodoforthisman?
Why?
Sendhimtotheregionalshocktraumacenter/centeris6min.awaybyland/available/equippedforhisinjury
9.WhatisSYSCOM?
StatewideSystemcommunicationCenter
10.WhatimportantfunctiondocsSYSCOMserve?
Dispatchpointforhelicopters
11.WhatcanSYSCOMdoforparamedics?
Connectthembyradiotohospitalsandemergencyspecialists
12.AccordingtoDrR.AdamsCowley,whatneedstobedoneinordertosaveaperson'slife?
Stopbleedingandrestorebloodpressurewithinanhourofaccident
C:
1.a:
knowwhereandwhenanaccidenthappens
b.immediateaction/life-savingcare
2.bydialing911
3.tofiredepartment’semergencyrescueservice/thentonearesthelp/dependingoninformationgiven
4.shootingaccident
5.paramedicsupervisor/9min
6.deliberately/calmly/calmpatientdown
7.inshock
8.sendhimtotheregionalshocktraumacenter/centeris6min.awaybyland/available/equippedforhisinjury
9.the
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