reflective teaching.docx
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reflective teaching.docx
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reflectiveteaching
Pollard,A.etal.(2008).Reflectiveteaching:
theoryandpractice.London:
Continuum.
http:
//www.rtweb.info/content/view/16/28/,accessedon18/10/2011.
ReflectiveTeachingresourceshavebeendesignedtosupportthosewhowanttounderstandproblems,issuesandchallengeswhichareencounteredinschools.
∙TheReflectiveTeachingHandbookprovidesoverviewsofkey
issuesinbecomingandbeingareflectiveteacherandhighlightsthe
mostimportantresearchinsightswhichareavailable.
∙ReadingsforReflectiveTeachingoffers120editedselectionsof
keytexts,andthusprovidesacompactlibraryforthosewithrelatively
littletime.
∙NotesforFurtherReading,accessedthroughthiswebsite,
providesguidanceabouthowtoexploretheliteratureonparticular
issuesmoredeeply.
NotesforFurtherReadingareupdatedregularlybytheRTEditorialTeamandprovideanexcellentresourceforthosewithassignmentsandprojectstowriteorforcolleagueswhosimplyneedsomeeasilyaccessibleadviceonhowtogetstartedonaprofessionalenquiryconcerningclassroompracticeandrelatedissues.
ChapterMenu
HomePage
BecomingaReflectiveTeacher
1.Reflectiveteaching
2.Learningthroughmentoring
3.Evidence-informedclassroom
BeingaReflectiveTeacher
4.SocialContexts
5.Valuesandidentity
6.Relationships
7.Learning
8.Curriculum
9.Planning
10.Organisation
11.Behaviour
12.Communication
13.Teaching
14.Assessment
15.SocialInclusion
BeyondClassroomReflection
16.LearninganaNQT
17.SchoolImprovement
18.Reflectiveteaching&society
Becomingareflectiveteacher
1.Reflectiveteaching
Overview
Thenotionofreflectioninteachereducationisbothmultifacetedanddynamic.Itsdiversemeaningpermeatesthewholeofthebookandinthefirstchapterthereisanexplorationofitsnature.Twobooksthatarefundamentallyimportantassourcematerialare:
Dewey,J.(1916)DemocracyandEducation,NewYork:
FreePress.
Dewey,J.(1933)HowWeThink,ARestatementoftheRelationofReflectiveThinkingtotheEducationProcess,Chicago:
HenryRegneny.(Reading1.1)
Forasummaryofwritingsaboutreflectiveteachingandrelatedpracticessee:
Zeichner,M.andListon,P.(1996)ReflectiveTeaching.AnIntroduction,NewJersey:
LawrenceErlbaum.
DonaldSchonusestheDeweycontexttodevelopideasthathavebeenveryinfluentialasthinkingaboutreflectionhasdevelopedoverthelasttwentyyearsorso.
Schon,D.A.(1983)TheReflectivePractitioner:
HowProfessionalsThinkinAction,London:
MauriceTempleSmith.(Reading1.2)
Schon,D.A.(1987)EducatingtheReflectivePractitioner,SanFrancisco:
JosseyBass.
MichaelErauthasproducedaveryusefulcritiqueoftheSchonmaterial.
Eraut,M.(1995)SchonShock:
ACaseforReframingReflection-in-Action,TeachersandTeaching;TheoryandPractice,1,1,p.9-23.
Thereareanumberoftextswhichhaveamoreprofessionallyorientedapproachtohelpteachersunderstandtheprocessofreflection.
Solder,J.,Craft,A.andBurgess,H.(2000)(Eds)TeacherDevelopment,ExploringourOwnPractice,London:
PaulChapman.
Turner-Bisset,R.(2001)ExpertTeaching.KnowledgeandPedagogytoLeadtheProfession,London:
DavidFulton.
Collins,J.andCook,D.(2000)(Eds)UnderstandingLearning.London:
PaulChapman.
Hart,S.(2000)ThinkingThroughTeaching,AFrameworkforEnhancingParticipationandLearning,London:
DavidFulton.
Additionally,titlesby DenisHayesprovideinsightintotheprocessesoflearningtoteachthatgoesbeyondthemereacquisitionofstandardsandconsiderstheimportanceofengagingwithcriticalreflection. Threebooksinparticularcitetheimportanceofreflection.
Hayes,D.(2003)Planning,TeachingandClassManagementinPrimarySchools.London:
DavidFulton(3rdedition).
Hayes,D.(1999)FoundationsofPrimaryTeaching.London:
DavidFulton.
Jacques,K.andHyland,R.(2003)ProfessionalStudies:
PrimaryPhase.Exeter:
LearningMaters(2ndedition).
TheStandardsforQualifiedTeacherStatus(inEngland)werere-definedin2002. ReflectionisarguablyembeddedwithinthefirstsectionoftheStandards'ProfessionalValuesandPractice'. MichaelCole'seditedcollectionprovidesaninterestingandpracticalresourceforstudentteacherswhowishtoengagewithreflection.
Cole,M.(2002)(Ed)ProfessionalValuesandPracticeforTeachersandStudentTeachers.London:
DavidFulton(2ndedition).
Inadditiontogenerictitles,therearealsosometitleswhicharemoresubjectspecific,forexample:
Kent,A.(2000)(Ed)ReflectivePracticeinGeographyTeaching.London:
PaulChapman.
Ovens,P.(1999)ReflectiveTeacherDevelopmentinPrimaryScience,London:
RoutledgeFalmer.
Bolton,G.(2002)ReflectivePractice,WritingandProfessionalDevelopment.London:
PaulChapman.
Thislatterbookprovidesaninteresting'outside'perspective. ItisfocusedonreflectivepracticeforHigherEducationpractitionersbutarguablycanbetransferredtoreflectivepracticeintheschoolcontext.
Section1:
Dilemmas,ReflectionandEffectiveness
Thedilemmasineducationaldecision-making,whichsuggestthatreflectionisacontinuallynecessaryelementofteaching,areanalysedinReading1.3:
Berlak,H.andBerlak,A.(1981)DilemmasofSchooling,London:
Methuen.
Inteachereducationabasisforreflectionhasbeenfirstlycompetencesandlatterlystandards.Informationaboutthiscontextcanbegleanedfromthesesources.Thefirsttwoareconcernedwiththerecentandcurrentrequirementsforallcoursesofinitialteachertraining.ThenexttwooffercritiquesofthesewhilsttheFurlongetaltextisamajorresearchprojectconcernedwithcurrentissuesinteachereducation.
DfEE(1998)Teaching:
HighStatus,HighStandards.RequirementsforCoursesinInitialTeacherTraining,London:
DfEE.
DfES/TTA(2002)QualifyingtoTeach,London:
DfES/TTA.
Richards,C.,Simco,N.andTwiselton,S.(1998)PrimaryInitialTeacherEducation,HighStatus?
HighStandards?
London:
Falmer.
Simco,N.andWilson,T.(2002)PrimaryInitialTeacherTrainingandEducation:
RevisedStandards,BrightFuture?
Exeter:
LearningMatters.
Furlong,J.,Barton,L.,Miles,S.,Whiting,C.andWhitty,G.(2000)TeacherEducationinTransition,ReformingProfessionalism?
Buckingham:
OpenUniversityPress.
Awiderangeoftextsexploretherelationshipbetweenprofessionalpracticeandresearch,particularlyactionresearch.ManyofthesestemfromthetheoreticalbasisofferedbyLawrenceStenhouse.
Stenhouse,L.(1975)AnIntroductiontoCurriculumResearchandDevelopment,London:
Heinemann.(Reading3.1)
Elliott,J(1996),ActionResearchforEducationalChange,MiltonKeynes:
OpenUniversityPress.
Hustler,D.etal(Eds),(1986)ActionResearchinClassroomsandSchool,London:
AllenandUnwin.
Dadds,M.(1995)PassionateEnquiryandSchoolDevelopment,London:
Falmer.
Gaye,A.andGaye,K.(1998)TeachingandLearningthroughCriticalReflectivePractice,London:
DavidFulton.
Sotto,E.(2001)WhenTeachingBecomesLearning,London:
Continuum.
McNiff,J.(1993)TeachingasLearninganActionResearchApproach,London:
Routledge.
Muijs,D.andReynolds,D.(2001)EffectiveTeaching,London:
PaulChapman.
Adescriptionofteachereffectivenesscanbefoundin:
HayMcBer(2000)ResearchintoTeacherEffectiveness.AModelofTeacherEffectiveness,London:
DfEE
Section2:
TheMeaningofReflectiveTeaching
Foranoverviewofreflectiveteachingtrythesetexts(inadditiontothosementionedinthefirstsectionofthesenotesforfurtherreadings).
Hayton,L,K.(1990)ReflectionandProfessionalKnowledge:
AConceptualFramework,inC.Day,M.PopeandP.Denicolo(Eds),InsightintoTeachers’ThinkingandPractice,London:
Falmer.
Calderhead,J.andGates,P.(1993)ConceptualizingReflectioninTeacherDevelopment,London:
Falmer.
Zeichner,K.M.(1983)AlternativeParadigmsofTeacherEducation,JournalofTeacherEducation,VolXXXIV,3,pp3-9.
Zeichner,J.M.andListon,D.P.(1987)TeachingStudentTeacherstoReflect,HarvardEducationalReview37,1,pp23-49.
Tabachnick,R.andZeichner,K.(Eds),(1991)IssuesandPracticeinInquiry-OrientedTeacherEducation,London:
Falmer(Reading1.5)
Somebooksrelateprofessionaldevelopmentthroughthereflectivedomaintotheactualprocessoflearningtoteach.
Calderhead,J.andShorrock,S.B.(1997)UnderstandingTeacherEducation,London:
Falmer.
Bennett,N.andCarre,C.(Eds),(1993)LearningtoTeach,London:
Routledge.
Wragg,E.C.,(1993)PrimaryTeachingSkills,London:
Routledge.
Othersprovidehelpfulbackgroundanalysisthatenablesyouasreflectivepractitionstounderstandmoreofthecontextforyourreflectiveactivity.
Wilson,J.(2000)KeyIssuesinLearingandTeaching.London:
Continuum.
McCulloch(2000)ThePoliticsofProfessionalism.London:
Continuum.
Sugrue,C.andDay,C.(2001)DevelopingTeachersandTeachingPractice.London:
RoutledgeFalmer.
Inaddition...
MuchofthischapterisunderpinnedbyaDeweyperspectiveonreflection.Thefollowingtextprovidesaverydifferentperspective.
O’Hear,A.(1991),EducationandDemocracy,AgainsttheEducationalEstablishment,London:
Claridge.
Also,itwillbeworthwhiletoconsidercurrentgovernmentthinkingineducationandtodeterminetheextenttowhichcriticalreflectionispresent.
DfEE(2001)SchoolsBuildingonSuccess:
RaisingStandards,PromotingDiversity,AchievingResults,London:
DfEE.
2.Learningthroughmentoring
Overview
ThereisawideliteratureinmentoringandITTandthisiseffectivelypartoftheliteratureconcernedwithpartnershipbetweenschoolsandHigherEducationInstitutionsininiti
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