专业英语试题库.docx
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专业英语试题库.docx
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专业英语试题库
一、选择题A(关键专业词汇5题以上)
1.Bacterialcellwallsarecomposedprincipallyofpeptidoglycans,andreproductionisbybinaryfission.[A.abruption;B.binaryfission;C.breakup;D.divide]
2.ThephotosyntheticbacteriacontainarangeofbacteriochlorophyllsanddonotliberatefreeO2duringphotosynthesis.[A.photosynthesis;B.photosynthate;C.breath;D.Reverse]
3.Conjugationinvolvesthetransferoflargeportionsofgeneticmaterialbetweendonorandrecipientcellsinmatingpairs.[A.donor;B.donate;C.donation;D.endow]
4.Thecyanobacteriaarephotosyntheticprokaryotescontainingchlorophyll,andalsophycobiliproteinpigmentssuchasphycocyanin.[A.peptidoglycan;B.crystalviolet;C.chlorophyll;D.algae]
5.Thoseusinglightastheirenergysourcearetermedphototrophic.[A.chemotrophic;B.lithotrophic;C.organotrophic;D.phototrophic]
6.Excessiveextractionofwatercanlowerwater-tables,which,insomeinlands(内陆),mayleadto____.A.subsidenceB.salt-waterinstrusionC.earthquakeD.flooding
7.Butbecauseoflossesthrough______andplanttranspiration.A.evaporationB.environmentC.evaporateD.evaporative
8.Irrigationhasallowedtheexpansionofagricultureintosemi-aridandeven____environments.A.dryB.aridC.droughtd.water
9.Thesteadyflowsthatdamscausealtertheseasonalcyclesof_____andriparianplantsandanimals.A.aquaticB.aquaticsC.aquacultureD.aquation
10.Newlandfillshavecomplexbottomlayerstotrapcontaminant-ladenwater,calledleachate,leakingthroughtheburiedtrash[A.wallB.leachateC.leaderD.little]
11.Amodernmunicipalsolidwastelandfillistypicallyconstructedaboveanimpermeableclay.[A.impressB.impermeableC.improveD.impolite]
12.However,manyincineratorswereeliminatedbecauseofaestheticconcerns,suchasfoulodors,noxiousgases,andgrittysmoke.[A.graveB.grittyC.groveD.glass]
13.Theburingwasteheatswaterandthesteamdriveaturbinetogenerateelectricity,whichissoldtoautility.[A.toolB.turbineC.troopD.type]
14.Selectionoflandfillsitesisbasedonanunderstandingoflocalgeologyconditions.[A.geobloB.geologyC.conditionD.location]
15.Theparadoxisthatinitsgaseousstate____,abundantthoughtitis,isunavailabletomostlife.A.nitrogenB.oxygenC.hydrgenD.alcohol
16.Tobeused,freemolecularnitrogenhastobefixed.This____comesaboutintwoways.A.energyB.fixationC.paradoxD.radiation
17.Thisfixationisaccomplishedby____bacterialivinginassociationwithleguminousandroot-noduledmonleguminousplants,byfree-livingaerobicbacteria,andbycyanobacteria(blue-greenalgae).A.togetherB.biologicalC.symbioticD.noneofabove
18.Accordingtotheauthor,theenergyneededforhighenergyfixationscomesfrom______.A.cosmicB.meteoriteC.lightningD.allabove
i._____isabiologicalprocessinwhichammoniaisoxidizedtonitriteandnitrate,yieldingenergy.A.ammonificationB.denitrificationC.bacterfiationD.nitrification
19.1Howvolatilenitrogenisturnedinto______forplants?
20.A.nutrientB.nitrateC.nitriteD.nitric
21.2_____gasesemittedduringthefirstphaseofwastetreatmentareharvestedforuseasfuel.
22.AgreenBwarmCgreenhouseDignite
23.3______istheprocessinwhichsoilbacteriaoxidizeammonia(NH3)sequentiallyintonitrite(NO2-)andthennitrate(NO3-).
24.ArespirationBdenitrification
25.CphotosynthesisDnitrification
26.4Buttoomuchuntreatedwastesdumpeddirectlyintofishpondcanrobthefishof______,andendupkillingthefish.
27.AnitrogenoxideBnitrogen
28.CoxygenDcarbondioxide
29.5The_____farmtypicallyconsistsofcrops,livestockandfishponds.
30.AdreamBintergratingCintervaDintegrated
31.
32.Ethanolisagood_______forgasolineinspark-ignitionengines.
A.reserveB.substitute
C.replaceD.shift
33.Asasummary,thelongstorywas______intoafewsentences.
A.condensedB.condemned
C.concealedD.concentrated
34.Theproblemwiththecountryishowtoliftitseconomyoutof____.
A.reservationB.recreation
C.recessionD.reversion
35.Ethanoldoes_____lesscarbonmonoxideandsulfuroxidesthangasoline.
A.releaseB.output
C.setD.affranchise
36.Alcoholcanbeobtainedfrom_____
A.sugarcropsB.starchycrops
C.celluloseD.allofabove
37.Theairwhichwebreatheconsists,byvolume,ofabout78percent______.
A.OxygenB.Nitrogen
C.carbondioxideD.Argon
38.Gaseoushydrogen,producedbythe______ofwater,isanother______topetroleum.
A.electrolysis,choiceB.hydrolysis,choice
C.electrolysis,alternativeD.alternative,alternative
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
选择题B(关键短语5题以上)
1.Bacterialcellwallsarecomposedprincipallyofpeptidoglycans,andreproductionisbybinaryfission.[A.makeupof;B.buildup;C.arecomposed;D.constitute]
2.AspeciesadaptedtolivingunderconditionsofabountifulenergysourceisdesignatedasKselected.[A.livingunder;B.livingin;C.living;D.lived]
3.Itwouldbeexposedtoselectionpressuresdifferentfromthoseaffectinganr-selectedorganismlivinginuncrowdedbutpossiblyphysicallyrestrictiveenvironments.[A.differentfrom;B.differentwith;C.otherthan;D.differwith]
4.Someestimateplacetheirnumberashighas40%ofthetotalplate-countpopulation.[A.ashighas;B.ishighas;C.highas;D.ashighto]
5.Ther-selectedorganismsexposedtoflushesofsubstrateinanotherwiseuncrowdedenvironmentwouldplaceapremiumonhighgrowthincreaseperunitoffoodratherthanoncompetitiveness.[A.placeapremiumon;B.placeapremiumto;C.placeapremiuminto;D.placeapremiumwith]
6.Nowadays,governmentsinmostOECDcountriesare____largeprogrammerstodevelopirrigation.A.scalebackB.scaledbackC.scalingbackD.scalesback
7.Indrierpartsofthearea,suchasCalifornia,andtheMurray–DarlingbasininAustralia,agricultureaccountsforwellover90%ofconsumptiveuse.A.accountsB.accountsuptoC.accountsforD.accountsfrom
8.WeallwanttoknowhowOECDgovernmentsarerespondingtotheincreaseddemandforwaterinagriculturalproduction.A.areresponsibleforB.arerespondingtoC.areresponsibilitytoD.responseto
9.Landdegradation,isthedeclineinlandqualityorreductioninitsproductivityandenvironmentalregulatorycapacity.(A.abilityB.ableC.capacityD.capacitly)
10.Soilcompactionisaworldwideproblem.(A.compactB.compactionC.compactnessD.degradate)
11.Acceleratedsoilerosionisanotherprincipallanddegradationprocess.Similartocompaction.(A.erosionB.erosionalC.degradationD.degradate)
12.Nutrientdepletionisanotherprincipalprocessoflanddegradationwithsevereeconomicimpactonaglobalscale.(A.depletionB.depleteC.expandD.expanding)
13.Despitethevoluminousliterature,landdegradationremainsadebatableissue.(A.degradationB.degradateC.gradateD.gradation)
14.Landdegradation,declinesinlandqualityduetonaturalprocessesandanthropicactivities,isamajorglobalissueforthe20thcenturyandwillremainhighontheinternationalagendaevenforthe21stcentury.(A.becauseofB.duetoC.althoughD.asif)
15.2.Landdegradationcanalsobeconsideredintermsofthelossofactualorpotentialproductivityorutilityasaresultofnaturaloranthropicfactors.(A.intermsof;B.referto;C.evolvedfrom;D.simplystated)
16.3.Highpopulationdensityisnotnecessarilyrelatedtolanddegradation.(A.asthoughB.resultedinC.relatedtoD.aswellas)
17.4.Lands,dependingontheirinherentcharacteristicsandclimaticconditions,rangefromhighlyresistantorstabletoextremelysensitiveandfragile.(A.relatingtoB.dependingonC.soastoD.therefore)
18.5.Landdegradationisabiophysicalprocessdrivenbysocioeconomicandpoliticalcauses.(A.drivenbyB.resultedinC.becauseofD.aswell)
19.Asbetterwaste-disposaltechnologiesweredevelopedandasvalueschanged,moreemphasiswasplacedontheenvironmentandqualityoflife.[A.areplacedonB.wasplacedonC.locateinD.waslocatedin]
20.Theheatderivedfromtheburingisconvertedintosteamandelectricity.[A.convertedtoB.convertedintoC.transformtoD.being]
21.However,thelandfilloftodayisfardifferentfromasimpleholeinthegroundintowhichgarbageisdumped.[A.differentB.differentfromC.abstrictonD.referto]
22.Theycurrentlycostupto$1millionperhectaretoprepare.[A.rightB.uptoC.belowD.about]
23.Untilrecently,thedisposalofmunicipalsolidwastedidnotattractmuchpublicattention.[A.attempB.attractC.absortD.eyeson]
24.Cosmicradiation,meteoritetrails,andlightningprovidethehighenergy______combinenitrogenwiththeoxygenandhydrogenofwater.A.neededtoB.gottentoC.cametoD.needingto
25.Fixation___molecularnitrogen(N2)___twoatomsoffteeN.A.go…intoB.get….intoC.splits….intoD.jump…..into
26.Innonagriculturalsystemssome12,000species,fromcyanobacteriatonodule-bacteriaplants,_____nitrogenfixation.A.bereponsibleforB.beingreponsibleforC.isreponsibleforD.arereponsiblefor
27.Interrestrialecosystemnitrogen,largelyintheformofammoniaornitrates,_______byplants,whichconvertittoaminoacids.A.istakenupB.aretakenupC.isbrokedownD.arebrokedown
28.Inaquaticecosystems,nitrogencyclesinasimilarmanner,exceptthatthelargereservoirinthesoil______.A.islackingB.lackedC.arelackedD.islacked
29.Theintegratedfarmtypically______crops,livestockandfishponds.A.makeupB.madeupofC.isconsistedofD.consistsof
30.Bothofwinterwheatandsummercornhasstillgreatpotentialtoincr
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