管理学第9版 练习题 附答案 6.docx
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管理学第9版 练习题 附答案 6.docx
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管理学第9版练习题附答案6
Chapter6DecisionMaking:
TheEssenceoftheManager’sJob
True/FalseQuestions
THEDECISION-MAKINGPROCESS
1.Problemidentificationispurelyobjective.
2.
3.Thesecondstepinthedecision-makingprocessisidentifyingaproblem.
4.
5.Adecisioncriteriondefineswhatisrelevantinadecision.
6.
7.Thefourthstepofthedecision-makingprocessrequiresthedecisionmakertolistviablealternativesthatcouldresolvetheproblem.
8.
9.Oncethealternativeshavebeenidentified,adecisionmakermustanalyzeeachone.
10.
11.Thestepinthedecision-makingprocessthatinvolveschoosingabestalternativeistermedimplementation.
12.
THEMANAGERASDECISIONMAKER
13.Makingdecisionsiswiththeessenceofmanagement.
14.
15.Managerialdecisionmakingisassumedtoberational.
16.
17.Oneassumptionofrationalityisthatwecannotknowallofthealternatives.
18.
19.Managerstendtooperateunderassumptionsofboundedrationality.
20.
21.StudiesoftheeventsleadinguptotheChallengerspaceshuttledisasterpointtoanescalationofcommitmentbydecisionmakers.
22.
23.Managersregularlyusetheirintuitionindecisionmaking.
24.
25.Rationalanalysisandintuitivedecisionmakingarecomplementary.
26.
27.Programmeddecisionstendtoberepetitiveandroutine.
28.
29.Rulesandpoliciesarebasicallythesame.
30.Apolicyisanexplicitstatementthattellsamanagerwhatheorsheoughtoroughtnottodo.
31.
32.Thesolutiontononprogrammeddecisionmakingreliesonprocedures,rules,andpolicies.
33.
34.Mostmanagerialdecisionsintherealworldarefullynonprogrammed.
35.
36.Theidealsituationformakingdecisionsislowrisk.
37.
38.Riskistheconditioninwhichthedecisionmakerisabletoestimatethelikelihoodofcertainoutcomes.
39.
40.Riskisasituationinwhichadecisionmakerhasneithercertaintynorreasonableprobabilityestimates.
41.
42.Peoplewhohavealowtoleranceforambiguityandarerationalintheirwayofthinkingaresaidtohaveadirectivestyle.
43.
44.Decisionmakerswithananalyticstylehaveamuchlowertoleranceforambiguitythandodirectivetypes.
45.
46.Individualswithaconceptualstyletendtobeverybroadintheiroutlookandwilllookatmanyalternatives.
47.
48.Behavioral-styledecisionmakersworkwellwithothers.
49.
50.Mostmanagershavecharacteristicsofanalyticdecisionmakers.
51.
52.Accordingtotheboxedfeature,“ManagingWorkforceDiversity,”diverseemployeestendtomakedecisionsfasterthanahomogeneousgroupofemployees.
53.
54.Theanchoringeffectdescribeswhendecisionmakersfixateoninitialinformationasastartingpointandthen,onceset,theyfailtoadequatelyadjustforsubsequentinformation.
55.
56.Theavailabilitybiasdescribeswhendecisionmakerstrytocreatemeaningoutofrandomevents.
57.
58.Thesunkcosterroriswhendecisionmakersforgetthatcurrentchoicescannotcorrectthepast.
DECISIONMAKINGFORTODAY’SWORLD
59.Today’sbusinessworldrevolvesaroundmakingdecisions,usuallywithcompleteoradequateinformation,andunderminimaltimepressure.60.
61.Managersneedtounderstandculturaldifferencestomakeeffectivedecisionsintoday’sfast-movingworld.
62.
63.Accordingtotheboxedfeature,“FocusonLeadership,”whenidentifyingproblems,managersmightbefromaculturethatisfocusedonproblemsolving,ortheirculturemightbeoneofsituationacceptance.
64.
65.Accordingtotheboxedfeature,“FocusonLeadership,”findingsfromstudiesbyGeertHofstedeandfromGLOBEresearchersshowthatinhighuncertaintyavoidancecountries,decisionmakingtendstobebasedmoreonintuitionthanonformalanalysis.
66.
67.Highlyreliableorganizations(HROs)areeasilytrickedbytheirsuccess.
68.
Multiple-ChoiceQuestions
Foreachofthefollowingchoosetheanswerthatmostcompletelyanswersthequestion.
THEDECISION-MAKINGPROCESS
69.Decisionmakingistypicallydescribedas________________,whichisaviewthatistoosimplistic.
70.
a.decidingwhatiscorrect
b.
c.puttingpreferencesonpaper
d.
e.choosingamongalternatives
f.
g.processinginformationtocompletion
h.
71.Aseriesofeightstepsthatbeginswithidentifyingaproblemandconcludeswithevaluatingthedecision’seffectivenessisthe________________.
72.
a.decision-makingprocess
b.
c.managerialprocess
d.
e.maximinstyle
f.
g.boundedrationalityapproach
h.
73.________________istheexistenceofadiscrepancybetweenanexistingandadesiredstateofaffairs.
74.
a.Anopportunity
b.Asolution
c.
d.Aweakness
e.
f.Aproblem
g.
75.Inidentifyingtheproblem,amanager_________________.
76.
paresthecurrentstateofaffairswithwheretheywouldliketobe
b.
c.expectsproblemstobedefinedbyneonlights
d.
e.looksfordiscrepanciesthatcanbepostponed
f.
g.willnotactwhenthereispressuretomakeadecision
h.
77.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerningproblemidentification?
78.
a.Problemsaregenerallyobvious.
b.
c.Asymptomandaproblemarebasicallythesame.
d.
e.Well-trainedmanagersgenerallyagreeonwhatisconsideredaproblem.
f.
g.Theproblemmustbesuchthatitexertssometypeofpressureonthemanagertoact.
h.
79.Whatisthesecondstepinthedecision-makingprocess?
80.
a.identifyingdecisioncriteria
b.
c.allocatingweightstothecriteria
d.
e.analyzingalternatives
f.
g.identifyingaproblem
h.
81.Todeterminethe_____________,amanagermustdeterminewhatisrelevantorimportanttoresolvingtheproblem.
82.
a.geocentricbehaviorneeded
b.
c.numberofallowablealternatives
d.
e.weightingofdecisioncriteria
f.
g.decisioncriteria
h.
83.Whatisthethirdstepinthedecision-makingprocess?
84.
a.allocatingweightstothecriteria
b.
c.analyzingthealternatives
d.
e.selectingthebestalternative
f.
g.implementingthealternative
h.
85.Ifallcriteriainthedecisionmakingareequal,weightingthecriteria______________.
86.
a.improvesdecisionmakingwhenlargenumbersofcriteriaareinvolved
b.
c.isnotneeded
d.producesexcellentdecisions
e.
f.improvesthecriteria
g.
87.Inallocatingweightstothedecisioncriteria,whichofthefollowingishelpfultoremember?
88.
a.Allweightsmustbethesame.
b.
c.Thetotaloftheweightsshouldsumto1.0.
d.
e.Everyfactorcriterionconsidered,regardlessofitsimportance,mustreceivesomeweighting.
f.
g.Assignthemostimportantcriterionascore,andthenassignweightsagainstthatstandard.
h.
89.Whatisthestepwhereadecisionmakerwantstobecreativeincomingupwithpossiblealternative?
90.
a.allocatingweightstothecriteria
b.
c.analyzingalternatives
d.
e.developingalternatives
f.
g.identifyingdecisioncriteria
h.
91.Whenanalyzingalternatives,whatbecomesevident?
92.
a.thestrengthsandweaknessesofeachalternative
b.
c.theweightingofalternatives
d.
e.thelistofalternatives
f.
g.theproblem
h.
93.Whendevelopingalternativesinthedecision-makingprocess,whatmustamanagerdo?
94.
a.listalternatives
b.
c.evaluatealternatives
d.
e.weightalternatives
f.
g.implementalternatives
h.
95.Selectinganalternativeinthedecision-makingprocessisaccomplishedby__________________.
96.
a.choosingthealternativewiththehighestscore
b.
c.choosingtheoneyoulikebest
d.
e.selectingthealternativethathasthelowestprice
f.
g.selectingthealternativethatisthemostreliable
h.
97.InStep6ofthedecision-makingprocess,eachalternativeisevaluatedbyappraisingitagainstthe_____________.
98.
a.subjectivegoalsofthedecisionmaker
b.
c.criteria
d.
e.assessedvalues
f.implementationstrategy
g.
99.______________includesconveyingadecisiontothoseaffectedandgettingtheircommitmenttoit.
100.
a.Selectinganalternative
b.
c.Evaluatingthedecisioneffectiveness
d.
e.Implementingthealternatives
f.
g.Analyzingalternatives
h.
101.Whichofthefollowingisimportantineffectivelyimplementingthechosenalternativeinthedecision-makingprocess?
102.
a.gettingupper-managementsupport
b.
c.double-checkingyouranalysisforpotentialerrors
d.
e.allowingthoseimpactedbytheoutcometoparticipateintheprocess
f.
g.ignoringcriticismconcerningyourchosenalternative
h.
103.Thefinalstepinthedecision-makingprocessisto_______________.
104.
a.pickthecriteriaforthenextdecision
b.
c.reevaluatetheweightingsofthecriteriauntiltheyindicatethecorrectoutcome
d.
e.evaluatetheoutcomeofthedecision
f.
g.reassigntheratingsonthecriteriatofinddifferentoutcomes
h.
105.Whichofthefollowingisimportanttorememberinevaluatingtheeffectivenessofthedecision-makingprocess?
106.
a.Youshouldignorecriticismconcerningthedecision-makingprocess.
b.
c.Youmayhavetostartthewholedecisionprocessover.
d.
e.Youwillhavetorestartthedecision-makingprocessifthedecisionislessthan50percenteffective.
f.
g.Ninetypercentofproblemswithdecisionmakingoccurintheimplementationstep.
h.
THEMANAGERASDECISIONMAKER
107.Managersareassumedtobe______________;theymakeconsistent,value-maximizingchoiceswithinspecifiedconstraints.
108.
a.rational
b.
c.leaders
d.
e.organized
f.
g.satisficers
h.
109.Itisassumedthataperfectlyrationaldecisionmaker______________.
a.doesnotfollowrationalassumptions
b.
c.doesnotconsidervaluemaximizingasanobjective
d.
e.offersinconsistentdecisions
f.
g.w
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