高考英语专题复习时态.docx
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高考英语专题复习时态.docx
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高考英语专题复习时态
英语动词时态
(Tenses)
英语各种时态构成表:
以play为例:
一般时进行时完成时完成进行时
do
bedoing
havedone
havebeendoing
现在
play
plays
am
isplaying
are
has
played
have
has
beenplaying
have
过去
played
was
playing
were
hadplayed
hadbeenplaying
将来
shall
play
will
shall
beplaying
will
shall
haveplayed
will
shall
havebeenplaying
will
过去
将来
should
play
would
should
beplaying
would
should
haveplayed
would
should
havebeenplaying
would
一、一般现在时:
动词原形
1.构成:
使用动词原形,第三人称单数须有变化。
(1)直接加“s”---------works,takes,makes,needs
(2)以辅音“y”结尾,把“y”改为“i”,再加“es”---------carry→carries;try→tries
(3)以“o,s,x,ch,sh”结尾的动词加“es”---------goesdresseswatchesbrushes
2.功能:
(1)表现在的事实、状态或动作:
eg:
►.Birdsfly.
►.Shelovesmusic.
►.Mary'sparentsgetupveryearly.
(2)表习惯性动作或职业,常与seldom,occasionally,frequently,sometimes,usually,often,always,everyweek等时间副词连用。
eg:
►.Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.
►.Shewritestomeveryoften.
►.Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.
(3)表客观真理,格言警句或事实:
►.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.
►.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.
►.Twoandtwomakesfour.
(4)表将来:
在由when,after,before,as,assoonas,although,because,if,evenif,incase,till,until,unless,solongas(只要),where,whatever,wherever等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。
“主将从现”
例如:
►.I'lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.
►.Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I'llmeetyou.
►.Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.
►.I'llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.
小测
1.TheBrowns________anicecarandBrown'sbrother________anicejeep.
A.have/haveB.has/hasC.have/hasD.has/have
2.Iftheirhouse________notlikeours,what________itlooklike?
A.is/isB.is/doesC.does/doesD.does/is
3.-________youthinkhewillcome?
-Ifit________tomorrow,hewillnotcome.
A.Do/rainsB.Are/rainsC.Do/willrainD.Are/willrain
4.Thelittlechild________notevenknowthatthemoon________aroundtheearth.
A.do/moveB.do/movesC.does/movesD.did/moved
5.Manyastudent________fondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldom________tothecinema
A.are/goesB.is/goesC.are/goD.is/go
6.Thegirlevenwon'thaveherlunchbeforeshe________herhomework.
A.willfinishB.isfinishing
C.hadfinishedD.finishes
二、现在进行时:
is/am/are+现在分词
1.表示现在正在进行的动作。
如
►.Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea?
►.Don'tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?
You'reputtingonweight.
►.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrosstheriver.
2.表现阶段正进行的动作。
►.Heistakingphysicsthissemester.
►.Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.
3.go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。
►.Look!
Thebusiscoming.看!
车来了!
►.Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying.
►.AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.
4.与always,forever,continually,constantly等副词连用,表示说话人带有感情色彩:
赞赏或厌恶。
►.Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.(他总是想着别人。
)
►.Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.(这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。
)
►.Theteacherisconstantly(always)criticizingherforbeinglate.(老师一直在批评她迟到。
)
小测
1.Howcanyou________ifyouarenot________?
A.listening/hearingB.hear/listening
C.belistening/heardD.behearing/listeningto
2.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost(职位)________intheoffice.
A.arebeinginterviewedB.areinterviewing
C.interviewingD.tobeinterviewing
3.Ifhe________,don'twakehimup.
A.stillsleepsB.isstillsleeping
C.stillhasbeensleepingD.willbesleepingstill
三.一般过去时:
动词过去式
1.表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。
►.Wevisitedtheschoollastspring.
►.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool.
►.Chinawasfoundedin1949.
2.一般现在时和一般过去时的几组差异:
●Herbrotherisachemist.(尚健在)
●Herbrotherwasachemist.(已去世)
●That'sallIhavetosay.(言之未尽)
●That'sallIhadtosay.(话已说完)
●Itissonicetoseeyou.(见面时用)
●Itwassonicetoseeyou.(离别时用)
●Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.(仍是上午)[本句现在完成时]
●Janedidalotofworkthismorning.(已是当天下午或晚上)
小测1(用所给动词的正确时态填空)。
1.YesterdayI________(think)thatyouwerenotinBeijing.
2.Aliceusually________(sit)inthefrontoftheclassroom,butshe________(sit)atthebackthismorning.
3.He________(tell)thenewstousthreedaysago.
4.He________(begin)toteachChinesein1990.
5.Shewouldnottelephonemeifshe________(have)notime.
小测2
1.They________thetripuntiltherainstopped.
A.continuedB.didn'tcontinue
C.hadn'tcontinuedD.wouldcontinue
2.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthattheearth________aroundthesun.
A.movedB.hasmovedC.willmoveD.moves
3.Whenallthosepresent(到场者)________hebeganhislecture.
A.sitB.setC.seatedD.wereseated
四.过去进行时:
were/was+现在分词。
1.表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。
►.Iwasplayingchessat8yesterdayevening.
►.WhenIarrived,theywerewatchingTV.
►.Theyweredoinghouseworkthistimelastweek.
2.用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。
►.Shetoldmetowakehimupifshewassleeping.
►.IaskedmyfriendtowarnmeaboutitaslongasIwasdrivingtoofast.
小测
1.Mybrother________whilehe________hisbicycleandhurthimself.
A.fell/wasridingB.fell/wereriding
C.hadfallen/rodeD.hadfallen/wasriding
2.He________hislegsashe________inafootballmatch.
A.broke/playedB.wasbreaking/wasplaying
C.broke/wasplayingD.wasbreaking/played
3.—Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.
—Ithoughtthathe________today.
A.wascorningB.iscoming
C.willcomeD.comes
4.Jackwasgoingoutoftheshopwhenhecollidedwithanoldwomanwho________in.
A.comeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.hadcome
5.Lucycouldn'tcometothetelephonewhenMr.Smithcalledherbecauseshe________inthelab.
A.hadbeenworkingB.hasbeenworking
C.wasworkingD.worked
五.现在完成时:
have/has+过去分词
1.表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。
常与yet,just,before,recently,lately(最近),ever,never等表时间的副词搭配使用。
●Hehasn'tseenherlately.
●Ihaven'tfinishedthebookyet.
2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
如:
sofar(迄今为止),uptillnow(直到现在),since,foralongtime(很长时间),uptopresent(直到现在),inthepast/inthelastfewyears(在过去的几年里),thesedays(目前)……
►.Hehasworkedherefor15years.
►.IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.
►.TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime.
►.Sofar,Ihaven'treceivedasingleletterfrommybrother.
3.某些非延续性动词(即:
动作开始便终止的动词),在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。
要点:
I.常见的非延续动词:
die,arrive(到达),join(加入),leave(离开),go,refuse(拒绝),fail(失败),finish,buy,marry,divorce(离婚),awake(醒),buy,borrow,lend.
II.这类动词并非不能用现在完成时,而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。
III.但若是用在否定句中,非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
●Shehasgoneawayforamonth.(误)
●Shehasbeenawayforamonth(正)
●Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.(误)
●Themanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.(正)
●Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook?
(误)
●Howlonghaveyougotthebook.(正)
4.注意since的用法:
►.Theyhaven'thadanytroublesincetheycamehere.
►.Ithasbeentenyearssincewemetlasttime.
►.Hehasbeenheresince1980.
►.Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago.
5.几组对比:
HehasgonetoShanghai.他到上海去了。
HehasbeentoShanghai.他去过上海。
Shehasgone.她已走了。
Sheisgone.她缺席了。
(or她死了。
)
Thedoorhasbeenclosed.门关上了。
(动作)
Thedoorisclosed.门是关着的。
(状态)
小测
1.Theprices________goingupallthetimeinthepastfewyears.
A.keepB.keptC.havekeptD.arekeeping
2.Forthewholeperiodoftwomonths,there________noraininthisarea.
A.isB.willbeC.hasbeenD.havebeen
3.TodayisJane'sweddingday.She________John.
A.havejustmarriedwithB.wasjustmarriedto
C.hasjustbeenmarriedtoD.justhasbeenmarriedto
4.Nowondertheflowerhavewithered,they________anywaterforages.
A.hadn'tB.haven'tC.haven'thadD.hadn'thad
5.Nowadayscomputer________awideapplicationwiththedevelopmentofproductionandscience.
A.foundB.hasfoundC.findsD.hadfound
六.现在完成进行时:
have/has+been+现在分词
1.表示从过去某时开始发生,一直延续到现在且可能延续下去的动作。
►.I'vebeenwaitingforanhourbutshehasn'tcome.
►.Hehasbeenrunningafterherfor8years.(runafter:
追求)
2.表某种感情色彩。
►.I'vebeenwantingtoseeyouforsomanyyears.
►.Who'sbeentellingyousuchnonsense?
释惑要点:
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的对比:
现在完成时强调“结果”,而完成进行时强调“动作的延续”。
►.Ihavethoughtofit.(我已想到了这一点。
)
►.Ihavebeenthinkingofit.(我一直在想这一点。
)
►.Jimhaspaintedthedoor.(杰姆已将门油漆过了。
)
►.Jimhasbeenpaintingthedoor.(杰姆一直在油漆门。
)
小测
1.They________ussincefiveo'clockthismorning.
A.arehelpingB.havebeenhelping
C.havebeenhelpedD.havehelped
2.I________thebookthewholeday,yetIhaven'tfinishedit.
A.havebeenreadingB.haveread
C.amreadingD.hadbeenreading
3.Pleasecomein.We________aboutyourpaper.
A.talkB.hadbeentalking
C.havebeentalkingD.wouldhavetalked
4.Suchnaturalresourcesascoalandpetroleum________.
A.graduallyareexhaustedB.arebeinggraduallyexhausted
C.havegraduallyexhaustingD.havebeenexhaustinggradually
5.It________almosteverydaysofarthismonth.
A.israiningB.rainedC.rainsD.hasbeenraining
用所给动词正确时态填空。
1.Youshouldgotobed.You________(watch)TVfor5hours.
2.I________(write)letterssincebreakfast.
3.I________(write)3letterssincebreakfast.
4.Sorry,butMr.Smith________(leave)forBeijing.
5.I________(look)forhimeverywhere,wherecanhebe?
七.过去完成时:
had+过去分词
1.表示过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作。
“过去的过去”。
●TheyhadgoteverythingreadybeforeIcame.
●TheplayhadbegunbeforeIgottothetheaterwithmyboyfriend.
2.过去完成时常用于hardly/scarcely..
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